scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization of Traditional Varieties of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) of the Campania Region, Southern Italy

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florinda Fratianni ◽  
Antonio d’Acierno ◽  
Autilia Cozzolino ◽  
Patrizia Spigno ◽  
Riccardo Riccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Polyphenol Profile ◽  
Red Variety ◽  
Β Carotene

Bioactive compounds of different Campania native sweet pepper varieties were evaluated. Polyphenols ranged between 1.37 mmol g−1 and 3.42 mmol g−1, β-carotene was abundant in the red variety “Cazzone” (7.05 μg g−1). Yellow and red varieties showed a content of ascorbic acid not inferior to 0.82 mg g−1, while in some green varieties the presence of ascorbic acid was almost inconsistent. Interrelationships between the parameters analyzed and the varieties showed that ascorbic acid could represent the factor mostly influencing the antioxidant activity. Polyphenol profile was different among the varieties, with a general prevalence of acidic phenols in yellow varieties and of flavonoids in red varieties. Principal Component Analysis, applied to ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and β-carotene, revealed that two of the green varieties (“Friariello napoletano” and “Friariello Sigaretta”) were well clustered and that the yellow variety “Corno di capra” showed similarity with the green varieties, in particular with “Friariello Nocerese”. This was confirmed by the interrelationships applied to polyphenol composition, which let us to light on a clustering of several red and yellow varieties, and that mainly the yellow ”Corno di capra” was closer to the green varieties of “Friariello”.

scholarly journals Biochemical Characterization of Traditional Varieties of Apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.) of the Campania Region, Southern Italy

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Florinda Fratianni ◽  
Antonio d’Acierno ◽  
Donatella Albanese ◽  
Marisa Di Matteo ◽  
Raffaele Coppola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Important Region ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Β Carotene

Campania is the most important region of Italy in the apricot cultivation, present mostly in the Vesuvio area. At least to the best of our knowledge, no studies are reporting the biochemical characterization of the considerable number of traditional apricot varieties present on this territory, including the qualitative and quantitative profile of the polyphenols present. Our work evaluated the content of β-carotene, total phenolics, phenolic profiles, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity of 23 traditional varieties of apricots of the Campania region. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted that, in the two main groups, the antioxidant activity was strongly affected by the content of ascorbic acid (−0.89), or slightly affected by the content of total polyphenols (−0.67), respect to the content of ascorbic acid (−0.55), never by β-carotene. Chlorogenic acid (up to 55.07 μg g−1) and catechin (up to 96.15 μg g−1) resulted the most abundant polyphenols recognized through the chromatographic analysis. PCA, extended to the polyphenol profile, confirmed the distribution of the varieties in two large groups, evidencing once again the hierarchical distance of four varieties (“Panzona”, “Paolona” “Baracca” and “Boccucia Eboli”) compared to the others.

scholarly journals Qualitative Aspects of Some Traditional Landraces of the Tomato “Piennolo” (Solanum lycopersicum L.) of the Campania Region, Southern Italy

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florinda Fratianni ◽  
Autilia Cozzolino ◽  
Antonio d’Acierno ◽  
Filomena Nazzaro ◽  
Riccardo Riccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Discrete Amount ◽  
Fresh Products ◽  
Brix Value ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Our study aimed to analyze some qualitative aspects of five landraces of the tomato “Piennolo,” typical of the Vesuvian area, Italy, and determine the in vitro antioxidant activity. All samples showed a high °Brix value and acidity, as well as a discrete amount of reducing sugars, indicating their good quality as fresh products. They showed a high content of lycopene (up to 218 μg g−1 of fresh product) and ascorbic acid (up to 238 μg g−1 of fresh product). The content of total polyphenols was never less than 278 μg g−1 of fresh product. Hyperoside, chlorogenic and gallic acids were the most abundant polyphenols. The interrelationships between the parameters analyzed and the different landraces showed that total polyphenols could have mostly affected (ρ = 0.76) the antioxidant activity more than lycopene (ρ = −0.96). The interrelationships between the most abundant polyphenols and antioxidant activity showed that hyperoside, although the most abundant, negatively affected (ρ = −0.93) the antioxidant activity. Due to the high content of lycopene, ascorbic acid, and hyperoside, the five landraces of the tomato “Piennolo” could be considered promising in terms of their potential healthy characteristics.

scholarly journals Morpho-Anatomical and Biochemical Characterization of Embryogenic and Degenerative Embryogenic Calli of Phoenix dactylifera L.

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Amal F. M. Zein El Din ◽  
Ola H. Abd Elbar ◽  
Saleh M. Al Turki ◽  
Khaled M. A. Ramadan ◽  
Hossam S. El-Beltagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera L ◽  
Phenolic Extract

The study of morpho-anatomical aspects, metabolic changes of proteins, antioxidant substances, as well as phenolic compounds in embryogenic callus (EC) and degenerative embryogenic callus (DEC) was the aim of the present investigation. Ability to form somatic embryos (SEs) was associated with the softness of the EC, which exhibited a white or creamy color and was composed of isodiametric cells containing dense cytoplasm, conspicuous nuclei and minimal vacuoles with observed mitotic activity. Furthermore, protein, reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASC) concentrations and the ratio between ASC and dehydroascorborbic acid (DHA) were increased significantly in the EC in comparison to the DEC. In addition, the phenolic extract of the EC was proved to have higher scavenging activity than the extract from the DEC. A loss of embryogenic competence in the DEC was correlated with the presence of more rigid clumps and such calli had a yellowish to brown color and no cell division could be observed in the cells of such aggregates as the cells had large vacuoles and they have very thick walls. Moreover, these morphological and anatomical observations of the DEC were accompanied by accumulations of the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (DHA), H2O2, total soluble phenolic compounds and overaccumulation of naringenin. Alternations in cellular metabolism can affect and regulate the morphogenesis of somatic embryos.

scholarly journals Principal Component Analysis Approach for Comprehensive Screening of Tomato Germplasm for Polyhouse Condition

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Anuradha Sinha ◽  
Paramveer Singh ◽  
Ajay Bhardwaj ◽  
R. B. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Polar Diameter ◽  
Final Harvest ◽  
Positive Factor ◽  
Β Carotene

Yield and yield contributing attributes are the mostly targeted in tomato improvement programme so the existence of variability has prime importance in plant breeding. In this study 14 genotypes were assessed with principal component analyses (PCA) based on morphological and biochemical traits to select genotypes and traits for future breeding program. Based on the PCA with 21 traits, 14 components were formed however, 6 PCs had more than 1 Eigen value with the variability of 87.60%. So, these six PC were used for further explanation. The first principal component explained maximum variability of the total variation presented. PC1 correlated with days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering and days to first fruiting etc. while PC2 dominated by β- carotene, lycopene, total soluble solid and ascorbic acid. PC 3 correlated with the traits like plant height at final harvest, number of fruits per plant and days to 50% flowering. PC 4 reflected positive factor loading by polar diameter, days taken to first picking and plant height at final harvest. PC 5 correlated with polar diameter, node to first flowering and ascorbic acid with positive factor loading and PC 6 correlated with ascorbic acid, days to 50% flowering, number of fruits per truss, equatorial diameter, pericarp thickness, titratable acidity, β-carotene, average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant. Therefore, the important traits coming jointly from diverse PCs and contributing towards elucidation variability may be kept into consideration during utilization of these traits in breeding programme of tomato.

A multi-trait characterization of the ‘Friariello’ landrace: a Mediterranean resource for sweet pepper breeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Parisi ◽  
Francesco Di Dato ◽  
Sara Ricci ◽  
Giuseppe Mennella ◽  
Teodoro Cardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Pepper Breeding

Landraces are an important resource for crop breeding, due to their resilience and content of quality traits. However, genetic and phenotypic variability needs to be carefully characterized for proper direct and indirect use. In the present study, a multidisciplinary approach was carried out to assess the Italian sweet pepper landrace ‘Friariello’. A total of 18 traditional accessions were compared with five hybrids and two ecotypes with similar fruit typology. Genetic and morpho-agronomic characterization allowed us to distinguish five different group types of ‘Friariello’. Accessions showing two/three lobes at the blossom end of the fruit were found to be the most productive, whereas the genotypes showing one/two lobes at the blossom end were the most homogeneous. A total of 167 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in the collection analysed. Moreover, of the 37 targeted VOCs, 29 showed significant differences in content among the pepper genotypes studied. Of such VOCs related to main flavours described for pepper in the literature, ten were found to be the major determinants of variability among the derived ‘Friariello’ groups. A slightly negative, albeit not significant, correlation was observed between ascorbic acid (AsA) content and agronomic traits, suggesting a better quality for less productive accessions, but also the possibility to improve yield without significantly reducing the AsA levels. The approach used allowed us to define how the different typologies can be used for different breeding purposes, integrating the peculiar properties in order to establish a desirable landrace ideotype. Furthermore, valuable sources for improving quality traits in pepper breeding were identified.

scholarly journals Mutation Associated with Orange Fruit Color Increases Concentrations of β-Carotene in a Sweet Pepper Variety (Capsicum annuum L.)

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1225
Author(s):  
Nasya Tomlekova ◽  
Velichka Spasova-Apostolova ◽  
Ivelin Pantchev ◽  
Fatma Sarsu
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Induced Mutagenesis ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Β Carotene

Pepper is the second most important vegetable crop in Bulgarian agriculture and has become the subject of extensive breeding programs that frequently employ induced mutagenesis. The success of breeding programs can be enhanced by the efficient and integral application of different biochemical and molecular methods to characterize specific mutant alleles. On the other hand, identifying new cost-effective methods is important under a limited-resources environment. In this paper we compare the levels of five health-related carotenoid compounds of fruits (α-carotene, β-carotene, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin) between a mutant variety Oranzheva kapia (possessing high ß-carotene concentration) and a corresponding initial pepper variety Pazardzhishka kapia 794. Both varieties are intended for fresh consumption. Pepper is a major natural source of β-carotene. It was observed that fruit at both commercial and botanical maturity from mutant variety had greater α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations to the initial variety (7.49 and 1.94 times higher, respectively) meaning that the mutant was superior in fruit quality to the initial genotype. Two hydroxylase enzymes, converting α- and β-carotene to lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively, are known to exist in pepper and are encoded by two genes on chromosomes 3 and 6-CrtZchr03 and CrtZchr06. The molecular characterization of the mutant variety through locus-specific Polymerase chain reaction amplification, gene cloning and sequencing as well as expression was performed. Our results suggest that the increased ß-carotene accumulation in the mutant variety Oranzheva kapia results from a biosynthetic pathway breakdown due to deletion of CrtZchr03 gene.

scholarly journals Biochemical Profiles of In Vivo Oral Mucosa by Using a Portable Raman Spectroscopy System

Optics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Marcelo Saito Nogueira ◽  
Victoria Ribeiro ◽  
Marianna Pires ◽  
Felipe Peralta ◽  
Luis Felipe das Chagas e Silva de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
The Difference

Most oral injuries are diagnosed by histopathological analysis of invasive and time-consuming biopsies. This analysis and conventional clinical observation cannot identify biochemically altered tissues predisposed to malignancy if no microstructural changes are detectable. With this in mind, detailed biochemical characterization of normal tissues and their differentiation features on healthy individuals is important in order to recognize biomolecular changes associated with early tissue predisposition to malignant transformation. Raman spectroscopy is a label-free method for characterization of tissue structure and specific composition. In this study, we used Raman spectroscopy to characterize the biochemistry of in vivo oral tissues of healthy individuals. We investigated this biochemistry based on the vibrational modes related to Raman spectra of four oral subsites (buccal, gingiva, lip and tongue) of ten volunteers as well as with principal component (PC) loadings for the difference between the four types of oral subsites. Therefore, we determined the biochemical characteristics of each type of healthy oral subsite and those corresponding to differentiation of the four types of subsites. In addition, we developed a spectral reference of oral healthy tissues of individuals in the Brazilian population for future diagnosis of early pathological conditions using real-time, noninvasive and label-free techniques such as Raman spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Morphological and Biochemical Characterization of Wild Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Populations from Banja Luka Area (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Danijela Kondić ◽  
Andreja Čerenak ◽  
Iztok Jože Košir ◽  
Miha Ocvirk ◽  
Tanja Krmpot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
Cone Density

This study aims to do a morphological and biochemical characterization of selected wild hop populations from the Banja Luka region, as plant material with potential value for introduction into plant selection. Female inflorescences (cones) from seven populations (DKH3, DKH5, DKH6, DKH8, DKH9, DKH10, and DKH11) were sampled in 2018 and 2019. Hop cones were collected in October 2018 and 2019 for morphological characterization, when 50 cones per population were analyzed, and also the cones were collected in mid-September in 2019 for biochemical characterization. Morphological parameters were carried out for: cone length (cm), number of nodes per cone spindle, cone density, and number of seeds per cone, all important agronomic characters in hop production. Also, 27 components of essential oil and 6 components of hop resins were analyzed. Statistical analysis of morphological characteristics was performed by factorial analysis of variance (year × population), and the significance of individual differences was determined by LSD test. The grouping of examined hop populations according to the manifested morphological characteristics was performed by cluster analysis. Statistical analysis for biochemical characteristics was performed by analysis of variance, and the significance of the differences was tested by Tukey’s statistical test. In order to determine similarities between different population multivariant statistical method Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. According to morphological and biochemical analysis, DKH6 hop population is singled out as the most valuable for hop breeding.

scholarly journals Quality Performances of Sweet Pepper under Farming Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca CARUSO ◽  
Vasile V. STOLERU ◽  
Neculai C. MUNTEANU ◽  
Vincenzo Michele SELLITTO ◽  
Gabriel Ciprian TELIBAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Production Research

Conventional management of sweet pepper is based on farming practices characterized by the use of chemicals with harmful environmental impact. In order to investigate innovative production, research was carried out in order to assess the effects of two pepper cultivars (‘Brillant’ and ‘Yolo Wonder’) in combination with four farming systems (Conventional control-C; Conventional with microorganism-enriched fertilization-CMF; Organic control-O; Organic with microorganism-enriched fertilization-OMF) on plant physiological parameters, yield and fruit quality. Conventionally grown plants showed higher values of assimilatory pigments and of photosynthetic rate compared to the Organically ones. The CMF resulted in the highest early and total yield, followed by the OMF, due to higher fruit number. Higher values of carotenoids, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol were recorded in ‘Yolo Wonder’ red fruits compared to ‘Brillant’ yellow berries. The highest total polyphenols concentration was recorded under the CMF, whereas OMF resulted in the highest flavonoids concentration and antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of fruits of Lycium spp. in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
M. Zhurba ◽  
O. Vergun ◽  
S. Klymenko ◽  
I. Szot
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Β Carotene

Fruits of Lycium possess therapeutic properties due to which they are used in traditional and folk medicine and can be used as a kind of functional food. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical characterization of Lycium L. (L. barbarum L., L. chinense Mill. and L. truncatum Y. C. Wang) fruits for 16 cultivars and varieties from the collections in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv). This study was aimed at determining the concentration of nutrients in the Lycium fruits. Individual genotypes of three Lycium species: L. barbarum, L.chinense, and L. truncatum, differed in such features as the content of dry matter, sugars, vitamin C, β-carotene, acidity, and tannins in the fruit. Fruits of Lycium spp. are a valuable source of nutrients such as vitamin C (4.38–121.0 mg 100g–1 FW), β-carotene content (1.45–5.52%), and tannin (0.12–1.34%). The sugar content (13.83–20.87%) and acidity of the fruit (0.23–4.62%) meet the consumers' requirements for fresh fruit. The cultivar Amber Sweet (L. chinense) had fruits of which the similarities between biochemical characteristics of different studies genotypes were the lowest. The cv. Amber Sweet was characterized by fruit with high sugar content, very high vitamin C content, average acid content, low tannins and β-carotene content, and the lowest dry matter content. Furthermore, a distinctive feature of the other tested genotypes was the yellow colour of the fruit. The data obtained can be used for further selective work.

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