INSANITY AND PARRICIDE IN LATE IMPERIAL CHINA (EIGHTEENTH–TWENTIETH CENTURIES)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Gabbiani
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Depth Analysis

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the reasons for which insane individuals who had committed patricide were systematically sentenced to dismemberment (lingchi 凌遲) under the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the most severe form of capital punishment that could be called for in the state's administrative and penal Code. This extreme harshness ran contrary to several “theoretical” foundations of Chinese traditional law, first and foremost the principle of criminal intent. Through the study of such criminal cases, and others legally affiliated to patricide, spanning the seventeenth to the early twentieth century, it underlines the importance of the relationship between a parent and his child, which was prominent in China's moral and cultural context at the time. It also stresses the role of political issues related to the legitimacy of the imperial state and to the upholding of the legality of its judicial process. Even though legal tools existed in the Qing Code, which would have allowed for a more lenient approach, and notwithstanding the Qing authorities' ongoing effort at defining specific legal procedures for insane homicides, lingchi was systematically applied to insane patricides until the early twentieth century, when the far-reaching legal reforms implemented during the last years of the imperial regime progressively opened the way for the recognition of the legal irresponsibility of insane individuals.

scholarly journals CORPSE ADMONITION: WU KEDU AND BUREAUCRATIC PROTEST IN LATE QING CHINA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-143
Author(s):  
Ying-kit Chan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Unintended Consequence ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Late Qing ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Arbitrary Power ◽  
Late Qing China ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Further Development

AbstractIn late imperial China, an extremely small number of bureaucrats adopted corpse admonition (shijian尸諫) to protest with their death what they regarded as inadequacies or failings in the imperial structure. This article introduces the case of Wu Kedu 吳可讀, who killed himself to protest the designation, by the late Qing empress dowagers Ci'an and Cixi, of Guangxu as the emperor, and as the adopted son of Xianfeng and not as the heir to Tongzhi. The article argues that Wu Kedu's suicide, which was highly praised during and after its time, was an attempt to sway bureaucratic opinion to put a check on the arbitrary power of empress dowagers, but instead had the unintended consequence of reinforcing it. More importantly, Wu Kedu's corpse admonition was a precursor of the outpouring of voices of remonstrance over political issues at the turn of the twentieth century, leading to further development of the Chinese “constitutional agenda.”

Administering wealth: the concept of “economy” and the epistemic foundations of nationalism in late-imperial China (late-nineteenth–early-twentieth century)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Blitstein
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Qing Empire ◽  
Late Imperial China ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The One

Abstract In this paper, I will focus on the emergence and uses of political economy in late-nineteenth–early-twentieth century China. I will discuss how the concept of “economy” came to be conceived as an autonomous sphere of human life, with its own rules and its own order, and how the production of “wealth” was conceptually divorced from ethics, politics, and administration. For this purpose, I will focus on a group which played a key role in reshaping the social and political discourse of the empire: a group of nationalist reformers who wanted to transform the Qing empire into a constitutional monarchy. I will explore how these reformers brought together two different sets of traditions – the Chinese imperial traditions of literati statecraft on the one hand, and mostly British, French, and German traditions of political economy on the other – and how they used them to naturalize a particular idea of what the “Chinese nation” was and should be.

scholarly journals The Autoneige as Workaround: Infrastructural Momentum at the Emergence of the Snowmobile

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Developing Communities ◽  
Social Environmental

Background  Drawing on infrastructure theories of communication, this article considers the snowmobile as an exceptional instance of transport and media circulation in rural Québec and Eastern Canada. In the early twentieth century, the snowmobile provided a temporary fix to the isolation of developing communities. When the snow and cold descended on these regions, both transport and communication came to a standstill for months. Analysis  This article explores how the snowmobile provided a workaround to the environmental conditions that cut parts of the nation off from the evolving mobilities of the era. Conclusions and implications  Transporting people, goods, and messages across social and environmental divides, the snowmobile illustrates how challenging topographies can precipitate invention. This process of mediation is indivisible from its social, environmental, and cultural context. Résumé Contexte Se basant sur les théories infrastructurelles de la communication, ce travail examine le rôle de l’autoneige en tant que forme exceptionnelle du transport et de la circulation des médias dans le contexte rural au Québec et dans l’est du Canada. Au début du XXe siècle, l’autoneige représente un remède temporaire à l’isolation des communautés en développement. À l’arrivée de la neige et des temps froids, les moyens de transport et de communication s’immobilisent pendant des mois. Analyse  L’article explore l’histoire de l’autoneige comme solution « de contournement » (work-around) aux conditions environnementales qui isolent alors des régions du pays par rapport à l’évolution contemporaine de la mobilité. Conclusion et implications  En transportant des personnes, des biens et des messages au-delà des divisions sociales et environnementales, l’autoneige illustre la manière dont les obstacles topographiques catalysent l’imagination. Ce processus médiatique est indissociable de son contexte social, environnemental et culturel.    

scholarly journals Twelve Bottles of Whiskey

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Jack Watson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
History Of

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the history of certiorari and judicial review as it pertains to the rule of law. The article opens with a brief examination of the conviction of Nat Bell Liquors Ltd. during prohibition-era Edmonton in 1920, and explains how twelve bottles of whiskey brought about a sea change in the foundational law of Canada. The article details the development of judicial review,beginning in thirteenth century United Kingdom, noting its progression and change over the course of centuries. The article provides an account of certiorarias a replacement avenue where appeal is not available, and highlights notable Canadian jurisprudence from the early twentieth century to the present day.

The neglect of desire

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-61
Author(s):  
Sam Hole
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Theological Anthropology ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

Chapter 1 examines the intellectual, ecclesial, and wider cultural context underpinning the diverse modern interpretations of John’s thought. Twentieth-century studies of John, for all their methodological variety, have been dominated by three traditions of interpretation that have only grasped partial elements in his teaching, important though these elements are. These traditions have emphasized the importance of ‘affectivity’ in the spiritual life, the meanings of ‘mysticism’ or ‘mystical experience’, and the theological significance of John’s poetic language. Each strand of thought, however, originates from particular early twentieth-century theological and philosophical commitments whose legacy continues to inform present-day reading of John. Recognition of the extent to which previous works have been shaped by disciplinary boundaries that took their shape in the last century enables a renewed appreciation of John’s theology on its own terms. Through this insight aspects of his work that have all too often been split between spirituality, mysticism, literary studies, and theological anthropology—in particular, his creative reworking of the notion of desire—may be better appreciated.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Ruth Coates
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
The Way

The Introduction sets out the immediate historical and cultural context in which twentieth-century Russian religious philosophers began to write about deification. The inter-revolutionary period (1905–17), characterized by unprecedented political instability and violence, created an atmosphere of apocalyptic foreboding and prompted religious philosophers creatively to assimilate the Orthodox concept of deification in their attempts to conceptualize human overcoming of the end, of mortality itself. These attempts are presented as fundamentally modernist: more or less free interpretations of the deification theme that arise out of the engagement of the authors under consideration with the modernist discourses of Marxism, Symbolism, and Nietzsche. It is argued that the primary leitmotifs, common to these three, that shape the way deification was received in the early twentieth century, are praxis and transformation, specifically the transformation of matter. The four works to be analysed present a spectrum of deification reception, from least to most Orthodox.

Designs for Everyone: Transforming Women’s Fashions in Early Twentieth-Century Russia

Experiment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Durst
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Fashion Magazines ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Haute Couture ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The World ◽  
Women's Fashion

The world of women’s fashion in early twentieth-century Russia provides a rich context for measuring shifts in class identity and in gender norms, as the major cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg were witnessing broad social transformation. If not for the Revolution, the late-Imperial period may well have anticipated the mature markets of the West, where haute couture and the garment industry fueled widespread consumption and became what are now essential components of modern collective social behavior. In Russia, the intensified urbanization of the early twentieth century also ushered in the rise of new forms of popular culture, which often intersected with the world of women’s fashion. Specialized periodicals, such as fashion magazines and the new art of cinema, fueled a cult interest in the latest sartorial trends. A reflection of this phenomenon can also be found in Teffi’s (pseudonym of Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaia, 1872-1953) broadly circulated stories, which allowed readers to better understand the perceived transformative power of fashion, even when expressed on the seemingly minor level of a small collar or hat.

scholarly journals SAGIT RAMIYEV’S DRAMATURGY IN LITERARY AND CULTURAL CONTEXT DURING THE BEGINNING OF THE XXTH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya F. Nuriyeva ◽  
Tagir Sh. Gilazov ◽  
Flera S. Saifulina ◽  
Zinulla Zh. Mutiev
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Renewal ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Relationship Types ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Literary Methods

The article analyzes the work by Sagit Ramiev, who created his own poetry school in the early twentieth century. The object of scientific analysis in this work is his plays (“Live, Zubeida, and I live”; “Exemplary Madrassah”). It is known that at the beginning of the twentieth century the Tatar people were undergoing socially spiritual and cultural renewal. The active development of the national periodical press, publishing, literary criticism has a positive effect on the creative activities of writer devoters during this period. The problem of the reconstruction of the Tatar society is raised in the works of Tatar literature classics and such famous personalities as G. Iskhaki, F. Amirkhan, G. Kulakhmetov, I. Bikkulov and others. Among the pressing problems raised in Tatar literature at the beginning of the twentieth century, the female problem occupies an important position. Writers and playwrights believe that without a positive solution of society attitude towards women and the women issue, they can't achieve the progress in Tatar society.These social and cultural conditions positively affect the formation of the ideological and aesthetic concept of S. Ramiev's works.The study subject of this article is the continuation of the traditions begun by the classics of Tatar literature in the field of topics and problems, in the system of images and literary methods, the identification of literary relationship types in the ideological content of S. Ramiev’s plays. Along with this, attention is paid to the traditions that provide a connection with the literary and historical periods of the national art of words, as well as to the identification of individual features in S. Ramiev’s works. The study of the playwright’s work in the context of the literary and cultural context of the early twentieth century makes the scientific novelty of this study.The methods and principles have been used in scientific searches to comment on literary phenomena and the literary process in close interconnection and development - the principle of historicism, cultural-historical, comparative-historical, and biographical principle.

scholarly journals Oleg Grom, Алфавит, язык и идентичность в Бессарабии второй половины XIX — начала XX вв. / Alphabet, Language, and Identity in Bessarabia During the Second Half of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-24
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Language And Identity ◽  
Local Version ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

The article focuses on the debates concerning language and alphabet in late imperial Bessarabia. The main argument is that Bessarabia, in contrast to the other Russian borderlands, was not an object of a strictly determined “alphabetical policy”. Local writers and publishers were relatively free in the choice of the alphabet, orthography and literary standard for the local version of the Romanian language. In the early XX century several versions of the alphabet circulated in Bessarabia. The dilemma of Cyrillic vs. Latin was resolved in favour of the first alternative because the majority of the Moldavian population was not familiar with the Latin alphabet.

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