scholarly journals Galileo: Close-up Views of Jupiter’s Dynamic Atmosphere

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 602-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwin R. Vasavada
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Moist Convection ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Zonal Jets ◽  
Night Side ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Water Cloud ◽  
Galileo Probe ◽  
Auroral Phenomena

AbstractThe Galileo spacecraft’s Solid State Imager (SSI) has been returning mosaics of Jupiter since 1996. The combination of high spatial resolution, broad spectral range, and short mosaic time steps has revealed a dynamic, vertically extended cloud structure not detectable by Voyager. These data have stimulated new analyses of major features such as zonal jets, the Great Red Spot, White Ovals, and the Galileo Probe entry site. Near-infrared images have provided fundamental constraints on the vertical structure of clouds and hazes, including the first imaging of a water cloud. Results from night side imaging include an extensive search for lightning, the first matching of lightning events to day side storm clouds, and the first spectral and spatial measurements of visible-wavelength auroral phenomena (not discussed here, see Vasavada et al. 2000). The identification of several tall, energetic storm systems at specific latitudes has led to new ideas about the role of moist convection in Jupiter’s atmospheric energetics.

scholarly journals Improvement of obesity-associated disorders by a small-molecule drug targeting mitochondria of adipose tissue macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawei Wang ◽  
Binlin Tang ◽  
Lei Long ◽  
Peng Luo ◽  
Wei Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mitochondrial Metabolism ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Adipose Tissue Macrophages ◽  
Inflammatory Activation ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents

AbstractPro-inflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) is causally linked to obesity and obesity-associated disorders. A number of studies have demonstrated the crucial role of mitochondrial metabolism in macrophage activation. However, there is a lack of pharmaceutical agents to target the mitochondrial metabolism of ATMs for the treatment of obesity-related diseases. Here, we characterize a near-infrared fluorophore (IR-61) that preferentially accumulates in the mitochondria of ATMs and has a therapeutic effect on diet-induced obesity as well as obesity-associated insulin resistance and fatty liver. IR-61 inhibits the classical activation of ATMs by increasing mitochondrial complex levels and oxidative phosphorylation via the ROS/Akt/Acly pathway. Taken together, our findings indicate that specific enhancement of ATMs oxidative phosphorylation improves chronic inflammation and obesity-related disorders. IR-61 might be an anti-inflammatory agent useful for the treatment of obesity-related diseases by targeting the mitochondria of ATMs.

Yankee Ingenuity in the South: James Burton and Confederate Ordnance Production

Vulcan ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Steven G. Collins
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Technological Diffusion ◽  
The South ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
American System ◽  
Harpers Ferry ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Connecticut Valley

This article examines the role of James Burton in the diffusion of military technology in the mid-19th century. Burton worked as the Master Armorer at the Harpers Ferry Armory, as a contractor in the Connecticut Valley, and as an engineer at the Enfield Armory. At each location he incorporated the latest ideas of the American System of Manufacturing. Not only did he transmit new ideas, he visited, studied, and learned from his international peers. When the American Civil War began, he joined the Confederate Ordnance Department and helped the South continue a long and destructive war. The new technological ideas—bred out of necessity of war—continued to help shape the creation of a New South. After the war, Burton influenced weapons manufacturing in Russia, Italy, Turkey, and Egypt. The ideas that Burton helped implement is a case study of international technological diffusion.

scholarly journals Role of Fluorophore Charge on the In Vivo Optical Imaging Properties of Near-Infrared Cyanine Dye/Monoclonal Antibody Conjugates

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhide Sato ◽  
Alexander P. Gorka ◽  
Tadanobu Nagaya ◽  
Megan S. Michie ◽  
Roger R. Nani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cyanine Dye ◽  
Antibody Conjugates ◽  
Imaging Properties ◽  
In Vivo Optical Imaging

scholarly journals Role of near-infrared fluorescence imaging in head and neck cancer surgery: from animal models to humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 272 (10) ◽  
pp. 2593-2600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Atallah ◽  
Clément Milet ◽  
Jean-Luc Coll ◽  
Emile Reyt ◽  
Christian Adrien Righini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Fluorescence Imaging ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Near Infrared Fluorescence ◽  
Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging

scholarly journals Essential Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Enterovirus Infection: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2904
Author(s):  
Peiyu Zhu ◽  
Shuaiyin Chen ◽  
Weiguo Zhang ◽  
Guangcai Duan ◽  
Yuefei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Enterovirus Infection ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Failure ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Enteroviruses (EVs) are common RNA viruses that can cause various types of human diseases and conditions such as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), myocarditis, meningitis, sepsis, and respiratory disorders. Although EV infections in most patients are generally mild and self-limiting, a small number of young children can develop serious complications such as encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, myocarditis, and cardiorespiratory failure, resulting in fatalities. Established evidence has suggested that certain non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the occurrence and progression of many human diseases. Recently, the involvement of ncRNAs in the course of EV infection has been reported. Herein, the authors focus on recent advances in the understanding of ncRNAs in EV infection from basic viral pathogenesis to clinical prospects, providing a reference basis and new ideas for disease prevention and research directions.

«Arab Spring»: Transformation of Political Paradigm in Context of International Relations

2012 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
L. Fituni
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The author presents his own original conception of the 2011 Arab upheavals. First, he tries to find parallels between the Arab Spring and the 19th century European Spring of Peoples. Second, he dwells on the idea of three types of transition in the Arab World: economic, demographic, and ideological. Third, he reflects on the issues of democracy and autocracy in the Arab countries emphasizing the role of youth. Fourth, he puts forward some new ideas as regards the relationship between Europe and the Arab World, offering such terms as “democratic internationalism” and “young democratic safety belt” in the Mediterranean region.

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