The elk, the ass, the tapir, their hooves, and the falling sickness: a story of substitution and animal medical substances

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Podgorny
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Global History ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Human Universals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Falling Sickness ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Natural Histories

AbstractThis article presents a preliminary survey by which to track, in thelongue durée, the path of the nail of theGran Bestia(great beast), a remedy that appeared in therapeutics on both sides of the Atlantic. TheGran Bestiais mentioned in the natural histories, books of remedies, and medical handbooks that proliferated in the Old World and European settlements from the seventeenth century onwards. From the point of view of global history, it is a revealing case from which to investigate, first, how the transfer of a name between continents involved the associated transfer of medical virtues and properties and, second, long before Linnaeus, how the commerce in medicines, skins, and other animal products contributed to associating different animal kinds from different cultural worlds. Far from human universals, the history of the great beast seems to refer to common meanings created by commerce. This article therefore argues for a new investigation into the global and transdisciplinary dimension of objects that is not limited to exclusively local traditions, and may instead reflect the living remains of a long history of exchanges, translations, and transfers that de- and re-functionalized nature in evolving geographies over several centuries.

Toward a Global History of Young Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-292
Author(s):  
Oded Heilbronner
Keyword(s):  
Reference Point ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
State Building ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Global History ◽  
Western History ◽  
Building Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European

Abstract This article argues that the first two decades of Israeli state-building can be compared structurally to some main processes in postwar Western-European societies, and that this approach productively situates Israel within a global perspective, uncovering new relationships between the local and the global. In addition, it proposes a methodological reading of the young Israeli society before the Six-Day War and a theoretical framework in which to place it. It provides an analysis of this young society from the perspective of Western history, constituting a new reference point that does not strive to negate other common approaches. If, until now, the history of the first two decades of Israel has been examined from a local and particular point of view – whether the state-building process or political, social, and national controversies – I propose to view the Israel of the 1950s–1960s as a postwar society that underwent the same structural processes as other Western European societies during those years, despite domestic differences.

Conclusion

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hingley
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Roman History ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
State Control ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Extension Of State ◽  
The Devil

The works examined above have been explored through a chronological study based upon the four overlapping themes of civility/ Romanization, the walling out of humanity, Roman incomers, and ruination, emphasized through a reading of the sources to explore how the discovery of objects and sites has helped to inform a number of contrasting interpretations that went in and out of fashion. A number of more local and fragmented tales have also been addressed in passing and it is evident that a very different account could have been articulated if I had drawn more directly upon such ideas. Tales, such as those of Onion the Silchester Giant, Graham’s creation of a breach in the Antonine Wall, King Arthur and his ‘O’on’ at Camelon in central Scotland and the activities of the devil at Rodmarton, provide information about how local people interpreted the physical remains of the Romans in Britain. The focus on elite tales in this book should not detract from the potential of local myths, but a thorough study of such material remains to be undertaken. Instead, this book has emphasized stories that have been told about the pre- Roman and Roman history of Britain that served to develop relevant national and imperial tales. The significance of the civilizing of the ancient Britons drove a particular approach to the ancient sources during the early seventeenth century that emphasized the passing on of Roman civility to people of England (or Lowland Britain). From this point of view, the ruined Roman Walls projected the territorial limit of civility, beyond which were the lands of barbarians. Towards the end of the century, a new interpretation arose that placed emphasis on the Roman settlers, their ‘stations’, and roads, reflecting the contemporary military aspect of society while envisaging England (or Lowland Britain) as the inheritor of Roman civility. This military conception was redefined and updated during the succeeding centuries as an analogy for the extension of state control over the Scottish Highlands and later for the exploration, documentation, and domination of territories in India and elsewhere.

The Debate Between Toncho Zhechev and Iskra Panova – the End of the Discussions with a Privileged Point of View in the History of Bulgarian Philosophy

Diogenes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimiter Tsatsov ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Traditions

The article draws attention to situations within certain local traditions and experiences, such as the debates about the leading position of certain theories in the history of Bulgarian philosophy.

Mountain Ski Maps of North America: Preliminary Survey and Analysis of Style

2010 ◽  
pp. 5-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Tait
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Colorado School ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Ski Resort ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ski Areas ◽  
Panoramic Views

This article examines mountain ski resort trail maps in North America in 2008. It looks at the styles of maps used by resorts and at the main artists involved in producing the maps. The survey included maps from 428 resorts with additional analysis of maps from the 100 largest resorts. Point of view and creation method are the primary factors in determining the style of each ski trail map. Artists have employed three main types of views for ski mountains: panoramas, profiles, and planimetric maps. Panoramic views are by far the most common type of map (86% of all maps and all of the maps at the top 100 areas). Profile views are used in 8% of the maps and planimetric views in only 6%. Production methods for ski trail maps fall into three main categories: painting, illustrating, and computer rendering. Maps created with painting techniques are the most widespread, in use at 72% of all resorts and at 89% of the top 100 areas. Those created in a hard-edged vector-based illustration style are in use at 20% of resorts and those created through computer modeling and rendering at 3% of resorts.Many artists have created ski trail maps for resorts in North America but one artist, James Niehues, has produced by far the most maps in current use. His maps are in use at over a quarter of all ski areas and at half of the top resorts. Niehues follows in the footsteps of two other Coloradans, Hal Shelton and then Bill Brown, and this Colorado School has been key in the development of a classic painted panoramic style of North American ski maps. Additional research is recommended to provide further details of the history of the maps and their creators as well as to analyze the artists’ terrain manipulations and to look at the growing use of electronic trail maps.

Toward an Understanding of the Political Ideas in Ivan Timofeev’s Vremennik

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-53
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Thought

This chapter examines the Vremennik of Ivan Timofeev and describes the disasters that then engulfed Muscovite Rus´, such as famine, civil war, and foreign intervention that stimulated historical thought. It identifies writers who set themselves the difficult task of integrating the disturbing events, particularly the virtual collapse of the “God-established tsarstvo” with the earlier history of Rus´. It also considers Timofeev's Vremennik as the single-best source for investigating how early seventeenth-century Muscovites thought about their own history and politics. The chapter explains how Timofeev, like a number of other smuta tale authors, did not write primarily to promote a particular political point of view or a particular set of ideas. It reveals that the Vremennik is closer to a diary than a polemical work based on the remarks of Timofeev.

Das niederländische Städtebuch des Galeazzo Gualdo Priorato (Wien 1973)

Quaerendo ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
Peter H. Meurer
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
French School ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Topography

AbstractIn the first half of his life Galeazzo Gualdo Priorato (b. Vicenza 1608 - d. Vienna 1678) served as an officer in various armies. In about 1640 he embarked on a career as a publicist, and in 1664 was appointed court historian by Emperor Leopold II. Among his many works is a geographical and historical description of the Low Countries (Vienna 1673) to which 138 plans of fortresses are appended. The majority of these are copies after Blaeu and Beaulieu, and only a few are of any value as partially or wholly original sources. From the point of view of the history of science the atlas is a perfect illustration of how the leading role in urban topography gradually passed from the Dutch to the French school during the last third of the seventeenth century.

scholarly journals Starting from Scratch: The First Building Tradesmen of Middlesex County

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Robert W. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middlesex County ◽  
Indentured Servants

<span>"Starting from Scratch" examines the earliest years of Middlesex County from the point-of-view of the building tradesmen--the carpenters, bricklayers, and others--who constructed the towns of Woodbridge, Piscataway, and Perth Amboy between the 1660s and the 1680s.  It shows that by identifying these men by name it is possible to trace their careers and to reveal a considerable amount of their working lives.  That Piscataway, for example, was settled more slowly than Woodbridge is mirrored by the smaller number of building tradesmen there who have been identified.  The building tradesmen of Woodbridge and Piscataway tended to acquire property and rise to the social status of yeomen, while many of those in Perth Amboy arrived in the colony as indentured servants and remained property-less even after their time of service ended.  In Woodbridge, especially, building tradesmen dominated the town's leadership during the years of Philip Carteret's governorship.  And ironically, despite the remarkably rich clay deposits that would later be found in Middlesex County, the towns failed to attract more than a handful of masonry tradesmen, and the local clays went almost completely unexploited in the seventeenth century.  Finally, studies that focus on the experiences of representative colonists, such as of building tradesmen, could collectively provide the basis for a new history of colonial New Jersey.</span>

Robert Plot: Britain's 'genial father of county natural histories'

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-177 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Great Benefit ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Histories ◽  
John Leland

Robert Plot (1640—1696) has deservedly been called the ‘genial father of County Natural Histories in Britain’ for his work in this Field. Like his friend John Aubrey, Plot was interested in promoting useful knowledge, emphasizing how his own work would contribute ‘to the great benefit of Trade, and advantage of the People’. Also like the famous Aubrey he was interested in the supernatural and therefore he included accounts of occult phenomena in his natural histories. His Natural History of Oxfordshire, published after a lengthy period when natural history was still experiencing some difficulty in firmly superseding the chorographic element in the field of regional study, was chiefly responsible for popularizing regional natural history. It was deliberately intended by its author to supplement the ‘Civil and Geographicall Historys’ which up to that time still managed to exert an influence on the field as a whole. These ‘Civil and Geographicall Historys’ were generally called ‘chorographies’ by most of Plot’s fellow virtuosi, a name originally derived from the Classical Greek art of chorography whose purpose, according to Ptolemy, was to treat the geography and history of a relatively small area of the Earth’s surface. This genre was practiced by W illiam Camden, John Leland and other sixteenth and early seventeenth-century men, who adapted it to their own particular purposes. Plot, however, was one of the first ‘regional writers’ to discard many of the methods and interests of the chorographers, preferring rather to scientifically investigate the natural history.

scholarly journals Connecting the past and the present – a response to Pentrel

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER PETRÉ
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adverbial Clause

In her article ‘Connecting the past and the present’, Meike Pentrel examines the order of main clause and adverbial clause introduced by before or after in Samuel Pepys's diary from the point of view of the cognitive literature on processing constraints. The thread that is shared by all contributions of this special issue is that of the hypothesis of uniformitarianism, which states that cognitive processes have remained constant in the documented history of humanity. Pentrel aims at corroborating this hypothesis by testing if the processing constraints found at work in this seventeenth-century ego-document examined by her are similar to those that have been observed in contemporary language.

scholarly journals “Very old Chinese bells, a large number of which were melted down”

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Madeleine Herren
Keyword(s):  
Scrap Metal ◽  
Local History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global History ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Place Of Origin ◽  
History Approach ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the second half of the 19th century, Buddhist bells from Japan began to arrive in Switzerland. The fact that these were objects listed in the so-called ethnographic collections is not surprising and the history of collecting has been a subject of postcolonial research. However, remarkably, the travel route of these bells, some of which weighed over a ton, could not be documented. Until now, the way how the bells were imported into Switzerland  as unknown, and the problem of their provenance unsolved. This article argues that a global history approach provides new insights in two respects: The consideration of materiality allows a new  nderstanding of the objects, while the activities of local collectors, seen from a micro-global point of view, reveal the local imprints of the global. Within this rationale, a history of individual bells in the possession of individual art lovers and museums translates into a history of scrap metal trade, allows to consider the disposal of disliked objects at their place of origin, and opens up a global framing of local history. Using global history as a concept, the historicity of the global gains visibility as we look at the intersection of materiality and the local involvement of global networks. Ultimately, as we follow the journey of the bells, reinterpreting scrap metal into art has formed a striking way in which local history assimilates the global.

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