Conclusion

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Hingley
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Roman History ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
State Control ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Extension Of State ◽  
The Devil

The works examined above have been explored through a chronological study based upon the four overlapping themes of civility/ Romanization, the walling out of humanity, Roman incomers, and ruination, emphasized through a reading of the sources to explore how the discovery of objects and sites has helped to inform a number of contrasting interpretations that went in and out of fashion. A number of more local and fragmented tales have also been addressed in passing and it is evident that a very different account could have been articulated if I had drawn more directly upon such ideas. Tales, such as those of Onion the Silchester Giant, Graham’s creation of a breach in the Antonine Wall, King Arthur and his ‘O’on’ at Camelon in central Scotland and the activities of the devil at Rodmarton, provide information about how local people interpreted the physical remains of the Romans in Britain. The focus on elite tales in this book should not detract from the potential of local myths, but a thorough study of such material remains to be undertaken. Instead, this book has emphasized stories that have been told about the pre- Roman and Roman history of Britain that served to develop relevant national and imperial tales. The significance of the civilizing of the ancient Britons drove a particular approach to the ancient sources during the early seventeenth century that emphasized the passing on of Roman civility to people of England (or Lowland Britain). From this point of view, the ruined Roman Walls projected the territorial limit of civility, beyond which were the lands of barbarians. Towards the end of the century, a new interpretation arose that placed emphasis on the Roman settlers, their ‘stations’, and roads, reflecting the contemporary military aspect of society while envisaging England (or Lowland Britain) as the inheritor of Roman civility. This military conception was redefined and updated during the succeeding centuries as an analogy for the extension of state control over the Scottish Highlands and later for the exploration, documentation, and domination of territories in India and elsewhere.

‘Ile be the bane of Cornwall Kinge’: The ballad of King Arthur and King Cornwall and the relentless pursuit of vengeance in the pre-modern Arthurian tradition

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
Geert van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
King Arthur ◽  
Morte Darthur ◽  
History Of ◽  
Le Morte Darthur

Abstract This paper concerns the narrative logic behind the disregard for the life of King Arthur’s opponent in the seventeenth-century ballad of King Arthur and King Cornwall. It approaches its subject through comparisons with the last book of Thomas Malory’s Le Morte Darthur, Le pèlerinage de Charlemagne, Le petit Poucet, Jack and the Beanstalk and the History of Mother Twaddle, and the Marvellous Atchievements [sic] of her Son Jack. It argues that by associating Arthur’s rival, King Cornwall, with magic objects and a fire-breathing creature called Burlow Beanie, as well as placing Cornwall’s domain away from Arthur’s, the ballad marks Cornwall as ‘other’ and, in so doing, implies that ordinary moral considerations do not apply when it comes to actions such as the killing of Cornwall. The article additionally argues that a major difference between the ballad and the last book of Le Morte Darthur, where much of the action is driven by factors that also feature prominently in King Arthur and King Cornwall, lies in the fact that in Le Morte Darthur none of the major actors are marked as ‘other’ – highlighting the nature of the tragedy that unfolds as one of destructive internal conflict.

The elk, the ass, the tapir, their hooves, and the falling sickness: a story of substitution and animal medical substances

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Podgorny
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Global History ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Human Universals ◽  
History Of ◽  
Falling Sickness ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Natural Histories

AbstractThis article presents a preliminary survey by which to track, in thelongue durée, the path of the nail of theGran Bestia(great beast), a remedy that appeared in therapeutics on both sides of the Atlantic. TheGran Bestiais mentioned in the natural histories, books of remedies, and medical handbooks that proliferated in the Old World and European settlements from the seventeenth century onwards. From the point of view of global history, it is a revealing case from which to investigate, first, how the transfer of a name between continents involved the associated transfer of medical virtues and properties and, second, long before Linnaeus, how the commerce in medicines, skins, and other animal products contributed to associating different animal kinds from different cultural worlds. Far from human universals, the history of the great beast seems to refer to common meanings created by commerce. This article therefore argues for a new investigation into the global and transdisciplinary dimension of objects that is not limited to exclusively local traditions, and may instead reflect the living remains of a long history of exchanges, translations, and transfers that de- and re-functionalized nature in evolving geographies over several centuries.

scholarly journals ‘ “Dannsair air ùrlar-déile thu”: Gaelic evidence about dance from the mid-17th to late-18th century Highlands’

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Steven Newton
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Court Culture ◽  
Scottish Gaelic ◽  
Scottish Highlands ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
French Court ◽  
History Of

From the 1950s to the 1970s, two sets of scholars – Tom and Joan Flett, and George Emmerson – gleaned many English-language sources to recover aspects of the history of dance in Scotland. They correctly pointed out the pervasive influence of French court culture and the French-trained dancing masters on Scottish forms of dance, including in the Highlands, but did not examine the majority of potential Gaelic sources in their work. This article examines Scottish Gaelic sources referring to dance practices in the Scottish Highlands from the late-seventeenth century to the end of the eighteenth century, placing them within the context of wider European developments in music and dance and confirming that they demonstrate a consciousness of the strong connections with France and corresponding effects on Gaelic dance traditions.

Toward an Understanding of the Political Ideas in Ivan Timofeev’s Vremennik

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-53
Author(s):  
Daniel B. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Thought

This chapter examines the Vremennik of Ivan Timofeev and describes the disasters that then engulfed Muscovite Rus´, such as famine, civil war, and foreign intervention that stimulated historical thought. It identifies writers who set themselves the difficult task of integrating the disturbing events, particularly the virtual collapse of the “God-established tsarstvo” with the earlier history of Rus´. It also considers Timofeev's Vremennik as the single-best source for investigating how early seventeenth-century Muscovites thought about their own history and politics. The chapter explains how Timofeev, like a number of other smuta tale authors, did not write primarily to promote a particular political point of view or a particular set of ideas. It reveals that the Vremennik is closer to a diary than a polemical work based on the remarks of Timofeev.

Das niederländische Städtebuch des Galeazzo Gualdo Priorato (Wien 1973)

Quaerendo ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-220
Author(s):  
Peter H. Meurer
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
French School ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Topography

AbstractIn the first half of his life Galeazzo Gualdo Priorato (b. Vicenza 1608 - d. Vienna 1678) served as an officer in various armies. In about 1640 he embarked on a career as a publicist, and in 1664 was appointed court historian by Emperor Leopold II. Among his many works is a geographical and historical description of the Low Countries (Vienna 1673) to which 138 plans of fortresses are appended. The majority of these are copies after Blaeu and Beaulieu, and only a few are of any value as partially or wholly original sources. From the point of view of the history of science the atlas is a perfect illustration of how the leading role in urban topography gradually passed from the Dutch to the French school during the last third of the seventeenth century.

The Pinkster King and the King of Kongo

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Dewulf
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
African American ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
New Amsterdam ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
European Standards

This book presents the history of the nation’s forgotten Dutch slave community and free Dutch-speaking African-Americans from seventeenth-century New Amsterdam to nineteenth-century New York and New Jersey. It also develops a provocative new interpretation of one of America’s most intriguing black folkloric traditions, Pinkster. Dewulf rejects the traditional interpretation of this celebration of a “slave king” as a form of carnival. Instead, he shows that it is a ritual rooted in mutual aid and slave brotherhood traditions. By placing Pinkster in an Atlantic context, Dewulf identifies striking parallels to royal election rituals in slave communities elsewhere in the Americas, which he relates to the ancient Kingdom of Kongo and the historical impact of Portuguese culture in West-Central Africa. Whereas the importance of African-American fraternities providing mutual aid has long been acknowledged for the post-slavery era, Dewulf’s focus on the social capital of slaves traces concern for mutual aid back to seventeenth-century Manhattan. He suggests a stronger impact of Manhattan’s first slave community on the development of African-American identity in New York and New Jersey than has hitherto been assumed. While the earliest historians working on slave culture in a North American context were mainly interested in an assumed process of assimilation according to European standards, later generations pointed out the need to look for indigenous African continuities. The findings of this book suggest the necessity to complement the latter with an increased focus on the contact Africans had with European?primarily Portuguese?culture before they were shipped as slaves to the Americas.

scholarly journals Richard Simon and the Remaking of Seventeenth-Century Biblical Criticism

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-487
Author(s):  
T. Twining
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Hebrew Text ◽  
Biblical Criticism ◽  
Critical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Definition Of

This article presents a new interpretation of Richard Simon’s Histoire critique du Vieux Testament (1678). It argues that the initial prohibition of Simon’s work in 1678 has separated it from the debates and arguments that chiefly shaped its contents. It gives an account of the developments in seventeenth-century biblical criticism that preceded Simon’s work before offering a new account of the genesis and composition of the Histoire critique du Vieux Testament. Following this, it presents an examination--based in part on previously unexamined material drawn from Simon’s library--of three of the central and most innovative parts of Simon’s project: his definition of his approach as a ‘critical history’, his new history of the Hebrew text of the Old Testament, and his novel use of manuscript material. The study concludes with a reconsideration of Simon’s work immediately following the Histoire critique du Vieux Testament’s prohibition, arguing that in a series of Latin works Simon attempted to use the methods and shared assumptions of seventeenth-century biblical criticism to justify his work to his contemporary scholars.

scholarly journals Starting from Scratch: The First Building Tradesmen of Middlesex County

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Robert W. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
Clay Deposits ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middlesex County ◽  
Indentured Servants

<span>"Starting from Scratch" examines the earliest years of Middlesex County from the point-of-view of the building tradesmen--the carpenters, bricklayers, and others--who constructed the towns of Woodbridge, Piscataway, and Perth Amboy between the 1660s and the 1680s.  It shows that by identifying these men by name it is possible to trace their careers and to reveal a considerable amount of their working lives.  That Piscataway, for example, was settled more slowly than Woodbridge is mirrored by the smaller number of building tradesmen there who have been identified.  The building tradesmen of Woodbridge and Piscataway tended to acquire property and rise to the social status of yeomen, while many of those in Perth Amboy arrived in the colony as indentured servants and remained property-less even after their time of service ended.  In Woodbridge, especially, building tradesmen dominated the town's leadership during the years of Philip Carteret's governorship.  And ironically, despite the remarkably rich clay deposits that would later be found in Middlesex County, the towns failed to attract more than a handful of masonry tradesmen, and the local clays went almost completely unexploited in the seventeenth century.  Finally, studies that focus on the experiences of representative colonists, such as of building tradesmen, could collectively provide the basis for a new history of colonial New Jersey.</span>

scholarly journals Nietzsche's Pelagianism: Dionysus versus the Crucified

The Agonist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Bradley Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
Tree Of Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
Ecce Homo ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Will Power ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Devil

When Nietzsche writes in Ecce Homo: “Theologically speaking - listen closely, for I rarely speak as a theologian - it was God himself who at the end of his days work lay down as a serpent under the tree of knowledge: thus he recuperated from being God. - He had made everything too beautiful. - The devil is merely the leisure of God on that seventh day.”  (Ecce Homo, “Beyond Good and Evil,” §2) He is insinuating an alliance with an uncited source - Pelagianus Hereticus who believed there was no ‘original sin’ but that the will power of human beings could bring humanity to salvation.  A method that bears stark affinities with Nietzsche’s writings on will to power in the sense that human will power wills a transcendence to what is, rather than the metaphysics of a transcendent God providing grace to those in need of salvation from above. This marks an interesting detour in church orthodoxy, a path not taken and one has to wonder that given Nietzsche’s reputation as a well read historian of ideas and theology whether he was writing a sort of theological exegesis through ressentiment.  A history of ideas for the future through the eyes of those who lost as a kind of error, a kind of pathos. In this paper, I try to explore this treatment of Nietzsche’s work to bring a new interpretation onto his work, one that is hidden in plain sight in lieu of his work on pushing ethics beyond good and evil, his views on phantasmagoria, and the penultimate writings at the end of his productive years where he describes his writings as “Dionysus versus the Crucified.”

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Chance
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Second World

This book presents a history of the factory gardens and parks movement in Britain and the United States, from its origins in the early Industrial Revolution, to its zenith in the years preceding the Second World War and concludes with an overview of the evolution of corporate landscapes from the second half of the twentieth century to the present. Industrialists attempted to assuage the effects of mass production by embracing the historical, cultural and metaphorical meanings of gardens to refine corporate culture and to redefine industry as progressive and responsible. Industry contributed distinctively and significantly to gardening culture and to opportunities for outdoor recreation in the first half of the twentieth century. Analysing factories from the point of view of landscape has produced a significant new interpretation of factory design, society and culture, which draws out the meanings of time and space in the factory that are not related to the production line. The discussion draws on empirical evidence underpinned by sources from a broad disciplinary base, including areas of research within architectural, art, photographic, landscape and garden histories; cultural geography, social history, philosophy, gender studies and social science.

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