A DREAM DEFERRED?

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Structure Report ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Socioeconomic Variation ◽  
Privileged Class

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to determine whether a privileged class position operates similarly in shaping Blacks’ and Whites’ beliefs about the causes of racial inequality. Existing studies have established that socioeconomic variation drives intraracial differences in commitments to individualistic and structural attributions. However, scholars have yet to determine whether Blacks and Whites positioned at some of the highest levels of the American class structure report corresponding beliefs about the roots of racial disparities. Pooled data from the 1985–2012 General Social Surveys indicate that class-based attitudinal differences are more prevalent and pronounced among Whites rather than Blacks. However, a privileged class position often operates similarly in shaping commitments to select structural attributions. The implications of the findings are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered.

White Supervisor and Subordinate Beliefs about Black/White Inequality: Implications for Understanding and Reducing Workplace Racial Disparities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A Smith ◽  
Matthew O Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intergroup Contact Theory ◽  
Racial Stratification ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Group Position ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Stratification Beliefs ◽  
Levels Of Support

Abstract This study examines the racial stratification beliefs of white Americans who have decision-making power at work (managers and supervisors) and of those (subordinates) who lack such power. We focus on whether these groups vary in overall levels of support for, and in determinants of, beliefs about racial inequality. Pooled cross-sectional analyses of data from the 1977 to 2014 General Social Surveys (GSS) reveal that, among both white supervisors and subordinates, support is greatest for a motivation-based explanation of black disadvantage, followed by (in order) explanations focusing on blacks’ lesser educational chances, discrimination against blacks, and finally, blacks’ supposed lesser ability. In line with Group Position Theory, our multivariate analyses reveal few differences across the supervisory divide in levels of support for, or in the determinants of, whites’ beliefs about black disadvantage. Differences that do exist align with alternative perspectives including Social Dominance Theory, a Group Self-Interest Model, and Intergroup Contact Theory. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and methodological implications of our findings for future research pertaining to what does and does not work to ameliorate racial inequality in the workplace.

Race, Class, and the Basis of Group Alignment: An Analysis of Support for Redistributive Policy among Privileged Blacks

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Shelton ◽  
George Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Redistributive Policy ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Privileged Class ◽  
Levels Of Support

Sociological research has not adequately assessed levels of support for redistributive policy among African Americans. This oversight is particularly notable considering the dispersion of blacks across the American class structure. This article seeks to fill this gap in our understanding by addressing two concerns: (a) whether blacks with higher versus lower socioeconomic status espouse disparate policy preferences and (b) whether a privileged class position matters in the same way in structuring black and white beliefs about the role of government. Results from pooled data from the 1996 through 2006 General Social Surveys indicate that blacks more strongly support government efforts to ameliorate inequality than whites. However, black policy preferences fluctuate after controlling for intraracial socioeconomic differences. Privileged blacks are less supportive of racially-neutral opportunity-enhancing and outcome-based policies; these same respondents espouse contrasting levels of support for racially-specific policies. The implications for these findings are discussed, as well as suggestions for future research.

The Implications of Political Trust for Supporting Public Transport

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
JAE YOUNG LIM ◽  
KUK-KYOUNG MOON
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Policy Attitudes

Abstract Despite the importance of public transport for urban vitality, social equity, and mobility, the discussions surrounding these topics have become heated ideological battles between liberals and conservatives in the United States, as in other countries. Conservatives, in particular, have exhibited anti-transit attitudes that have worked against the development of public transport. Scholars note that political trust functions as a heuristic and its impact is felt more strongly among individuals who face ideological risks with respect to a given public policy. Based on several studies noting the relationships between political trust, ideology and policy attitudes, the study employs the pooled data of the 2010 and 2014 General Social Surveys. It finds that conservatives are negatively associated with supporting spending on public transport, but when contingent upon high levels of political trust, they become more supportive of it. The study discusses the potential of political trust as a mechanism to influence public policy discourses as well as certain methodological and substantive limitations.

scholarly journals Deservingness for "Family 500 +" Benefit in Poland: Qualitative Study of Internet Debates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Michoń
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Cash Benefit ◽  
Internet Forums ◽  
Welfare Attitudes ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe need for qualitative research of deservingness perception is strongly emphasised in the literature. This article studies the perception of deservingness for a "Family 500 +"—cash benefit in Poland. For the first time, data from online forums was used in the studies of deservingness and welfare attitudes. It allowed to avoid numerous limitations associated with social surveys. The qualitative analysis showed how participants of Internet debates perceive the criteria of deservingness: control, attitude, reciprocity, identity, need, and what are the relations between the criteria. The impurity of all deservingness criteria was indicated and a new criterion “adequacy” was proposed. Moreover due to the fact that the study concerned a concrete, non-abstract family cash benefit addressed the relationship between the perceived deservingness of children and their parents was pointed out. The vast majority of posts on Internet forums referred to deservingness of parents, not children. This is particularly evident in relation to the criteria of control and reciprocity. Presenting the hypothesis of jealousy and scapegoat strategy, the article also shows the direction of future research on deservingness.

scholarly journals Emerging Location-Based Service Data on Perceiving and Measuring Multifunctionality of Rural Space: A Study of Suzhou, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5862
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Hongbo Li ◽  
Xiaolin Zhang ◽  
Xiaoliang Hu ◽  
Yahua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Driven ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Location Based Service ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Service Data ◽  
Rural Transition ◽  
Research Period ◽  
Technological Restriction

Understanding how human mobilities reconstruct contemporary rural space is of great significance to multifunctional rural transition. However, conventional approaches adopted by social surveys have a technological restriction on collecting data of individual behavior, such as limited samples, subjective self-reported data, and time-consuming investigation. This study proposes a data-driven methodology to explore multifunctionality of rural space by employing the real-time Tencent user quantity (RTUQ) data to analyze the quantity and distribution of observables in rural space. Based on over 250,000 records of hourly RTUQ data during a one-week research period, we perceive spatiotemporal variation of human mobilities in three differentiated villages in Suzhou, China, as well as measure function of residence, employment and consumption on holidays, weekdays and weekends using original equations of function index. Results show that the RTUQ data is valid and reliable for perceiving dynamic patterns of human mobilities at village level, as well as offering new implication for transitional pathways of decision-making. The proposed method is proved to be suitable for distinguishing and comparing multifunctionality of rural space in various times and places, future research on exploring contemporary rural space towards multifunctionality with more geospatial big data is put forward.

Rural V Urban Policing: A Study of Taiwanese Officers' Occupational Attitudes

2009 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Y. Sun ◽  
Doris C. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
Order Maintenance ◽  
Urban Policing ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Research And Policy ◽  
Urban Police

This study examines attitudinal differences between rural and urban police officers in Taiwan. Data used in this research were collected from a rural Taiwanese county, Hualien, and a metropolitan department, Taipei. Officers' occupational attitudes are assessed along four dimensions: group cohesion, citizen cooperation, aggressive enforcement, and order maintenance. The results indicate that, compared to their urban counterparts, rural officers are more likely to show higher levels of group cohesion and favour citizen cooperation. Rural and urban officers, however, do not differ significantly in their attitudes towards aggressive enforcement and order maintenance. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Predatory Inclusion and Education Debt: Rethinking the Racial Wealth Gap

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Seamster ◽  
Raphaël Charron-Chénier
Keyword(s):  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Survey Of Consumer Finances ◽  
Racial Wealth Gap ◽  
Consumer Finances ◽  
Educational Debt ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Education Debt

Analyses of the recent surge in racial wealth inequality have tended to focus on changes in asset holdings. Debt patterns, by contrast, have remained relatively unexplored. Using 2001-2013 data from the Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF), we show that after peaking in 2007, debt levels for most debt types had returned to pre-financial crisis levels for blacks and whites by 2013. The primary exception to this is education debt, on which this paper focuses. We show that educational debt has increased substantially for blacks relative to whites in the past decade. We also show that this increase in debt is not attributable to differences in educational attainment across racial groups. These trends, we argue, reflect a process of predatory inclusion, where lenders and financial actors offer needed services to black households, but on exploitative terms that limit or eliminate their long-term benefits. Predatory inclusion, we propose, is one of the mechanisms behind the persistence of racial inequality in contemporary markets.

scholarly journals Attitudes of College Students Toward People with Disabilities

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonsun (Sunny) Seo ◽  
Roy K. Chen
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Public University ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation ◽  
Prior Contact

The current study sought to explore attitudinal differences in college students toward people with disabilities (PWD) based on their demographic backgrounds and levels of prior contact. Participants were 311 undergraduate and graduate students at a large public university in the Midwest. Using the Attitudes Towards Disabled Persons Scale, Form-O (Yuker & Block, 1986) and the Contact with Disabled Persons Scale (Yuker & Hurley, 1987), a moderate positive correlation between attitudes and levels of contact was found (r = .302, p < .001). Significant differences in the mean scores of the ATDP were observed for different demographic groups. A subsequent ANCOVA indicated that levels of prior contact were influential on attitudes towards PWD. Implications for rehabilitation practice and future research are discussed.

Acting together with the enemy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwar Aslih ◽  
Ruthie Pliskin ◽  
Eric Shuman ◽  
Martijn van Zomeren ◽  
Tamar Saguy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Joint Action ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
Perceived Instrumentality ◽  
Key Barrier

The current research examines joint collective action (e.g., between Blacks and Whites) from the perspective of disadvantaged group members, for whom such action reflects a dilemma of whether to “sleep with the enemy.” Integrating insights from research on intergroup contact, helping, and collective action, we suggest that an important part of this dilemma lies in the tension between a key motivation (joint action’s perceived instrumentality) and a key barrier (joint action’s perceived potential to normalize power relations between the groups). We test this idea in three studies using different methods and different intergroup contexts. Studies 1 and 2 showed that manipulated instrumentality increased motivation for joint action, whereas manipulated normalization decreased this motivation. Study 3 showed that manipulated normalization decreased perceptions of instrumentality and thus undermined the motivation for joint action, and this occurred mainly among high identifiers with the disadvantaged group, for whom the dilemma should be most salient. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and research on collective action and call for future research on joint action.

Antecedents of attitudes toward eWOM communication: differences across channels

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Gvili ◽  
Shalom Levy
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudinal Differences ◽  
Web Forums ◽  
Communication Differences ◽  
Media Channels ◽  
Digital Channels

Purpose Despite the extensive academic interest in electronic word of mouth (eWOM) communication, consumer attitudes toward eWOM communication have been neglected. The purpose of this paper is to propose a conceptual framework for attitudes toward eWOM communication across digital channels. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a web-based survey on seven major digital communication channels. ANOVA was applied in order to analyze their differences. In addition, structural equation modeling was used to test the eWOM attitude model, using a sample of 864 participants who have had prior experience with the channels under study. Findings Findings indicate that both attitude toward eWOM and its antecedents significantly differ across channels. Additionally, a path analysis model reveals that the original integrated model applies to eWOM communications. Yet, in the case of eWOM, irritating messages may be positively related to attitude toward the channel, and credibility serves as a mediator of message value. Research limitations/implications This paper supports the notion that attitude toward eWOM communication significantly differs across media channels. Future research should examine additional implications of attitude toward eWOM, and explore new and evolving channels. Practical implications Practitioners should adjust their eWOM media strategy to their objectives; blogs and social networks are more effective for brand attitude formation, whereas web forums enhance message credibility. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first research study that tests attitudinal differences toward eWOM across digital channels. As such, it contributes to the understanding of people’s perception of these platforms.

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