The economic impact of legislation and litigation on growth: a historical analysis of Italy from its unification to World War II

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE DI VITA ◽  
FABIO DI VITA ◽  
GIANLUCA CAFISO
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThis paper aims to evaluate the impact of Italy's unification on its economic growth from 1861 to the outbreak of World War II. This historical analysis attempts to prove that the process of legislative harmonization intrinsic to the unification had a positive effect on Italy's GDP because legislative uniformity facilitates economic transactions. Moreover a uniform and more effective legislation would have caused less litigation and therefore favoured economic growth, thanks to smoother relations between economic agents.

THE IMPACT OF WORLD WAR II ON COST ACCOUNTING AT THE SPERRY CORPORATION

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K. Fleischman ◽  
R. Penny Marquette
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Contractors ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Cost Awareness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
The U.S

The impact of World War II on cost accountancy in the U.S. may be viewed as a double-edged sword. Its most positive effect was engendering greater cost awareness, particularly among companies that served as military contractors and, thus, had to make full representation to contracting agencies for reimbursement. On the negative side, the dislocations of war, especially shortages in the factors of production and capacity constraints, meant that such “scientific management” techniques as existed (standard costing, time-study, specific detailing of task routines) fell by the wayside. This paper utilizes the archive of the Sperry Corporation, a leading governmental contractor, to chart the firm's accounting during World War II. It is concluded that any techniques that had developed from Taylorite principles were suspended, while methods similar to contemporary performance management, such as subcontracting, emphasis on the design phase of products, and substantial expenditure on research and development, flourished.

scholarly journals Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Employment—The Case of the Wine Routes of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7164
Author(s):  
Guillermo Vázquez Vicente ◽  
Victor Martín Barroso ◽  
Francisco José Blanco Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Tourism has become a priority in national and regional development policies and is considered a source of economic growth, particularly in rural areas. Nowadays, wine tourism is an important form of tourism and has become a local development tool for rural areas. Regional tourism development studies based on wine tourism have a long history in several countries such as the US and Australia, but are more recent in Europe. Although Spain is a leading country in the tourism industry, with an enormous wine-growing tradition, the literature examining the economic impact of wine tourism in Spanish economy is scarce. In an attempt to fill this gap, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of wine tourism on economic growth and employment in Spain. More specifically, by applying panel data techniques, we study the economic impact of tourism in nine Spanish wine routes in the period from 2008 to 2018. Our results suggest that tourism in these wine routes had a positive effect on economic growth. However, we do not find clear evidence of a positive effect on employment generation.

scholarly journals The Impact of the Covid-19 Outbreak on the Banking Sector of Kyrgyzstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin Bayrak ◽  
Dastan Aseinov
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
World War ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

In the literature, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been compared to the Great Depression of the 1930s, World War II, the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, or natural disasters. The COVID-19 outbreak has deeply affected the economies of countries. Almost every country has endeavored to implement remedial and precautionary packages in a way to overcome the effects of the epidemic with minimum damage in this process. As a result of the limitations and constraints applied according to this crisis, there is an economic crisis. The aim of this study is to research the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the banking sector of Kyrgyzstan. The comparative analysis in this study will be carried out using data on the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods of the banking sector. Our results show that the COVID crisis has negatively impacted the Kyrgyz banking sector, mainly in the form of problem loans. The COVID-19 pandemic did not create a serious problem in the form of a lack of liquidity and depreciation of capital. Based on our analysis, the acceleration of the digital transformation of the banking system can be indicated as a positive effect of the pandemic.

Real Exchange Rates, Trade, and Growth

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Di Nino ◽  
Barry Eichengreen ◽  
Massimo Sbracia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
World War ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Tradable Goods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Trade And Growth

What is the relationship between real exchange rate misalignments and economic growth? And what effect, if any, did undervaluations or overvaluations of the lira/euro have on Italy's growth? This chapter addresses these questions by presenting, first, three main facts: (i) there is a positive relationship between undervaluation and growth; (ii) this relationship is strong for developing countries and weak for advanced countries; (iii) these results tend to hold for both the pre- and the post-World War II period. Building a simple analytical model, we explore channels through which undervaluation may exert a positive effect on real GDP. We assume that productivity is higher in the tradable-goods than in the non-tradable-goods sector, and examine the roles of market structure, scale economies, and wage flexibility in channelling resources from the latter to the former sector, increasing exports and real GDP. We then turn to Italy and verify empirically that, as the theory suggests, undervaluation has positively affected its exports. Undervaluation has been helpful, in particular, to increase the exports of high-productivity sectors, such as most manufacturing industries. Finally, we describe the misalignments of the lira/euro since 1861, analyze their determinants and draw the implications for Italy's economic growth.

Distributional coalitions and other sources of economic stagnation: on Olson's Rise and Decline of Nations

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
World War ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross National

One of the most important recent contributions to the field of comparative political economy is Mancur Olson's The Rise and Decline of Nations. In that work, Olson deduces, from his logic of collective action, a series of implications regarding the impact of social organizations—in particular, “distributional coalitions”—on economic growth that can explain variations in national growth rates across a wide range of time and space. This article considers the assumptions upon which that logic is founded, the plausibility of the several implications drawn from that logic, and the application of the theory to account for differences among five nations in rates of economic growth in the post-World War II era. The analysis suggests that the characteristics of group activity emphasized by Olson represent, at best, only a small— perhaps negligible—part of the explanation of cross-national differences in growth. Instead, it suggests that an important source of the variation among nations in growth rates is the international political and economic system. In particular, the discussion of the German, Japanese, and British cases suggests that stagnation (or growth) is, to a considerable extent, the product of a nation's position in the world economy, the policy responses through which governments seek to perpetuate or improve that position, and the constraints upon (or opportunities for) growth-oriented domestic economic policy posed by that position.

The Film World’s Cooperative Store: Institutions and Films of the 1930s and 1940s

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Early History ◽  
World War ◽  
International Context ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter traces the early history of state-sponsored informational filmmaking in Denmark, emphasising its organisation as a ‘cooperative’ of organisations and government agencies. After an account of the establishment and early development of the agency Dansk Kulturfilm in the 1930s, the chapter considers two of its earliest productions, both process films documenting the manufacture of bricks and meat products. The broader context of documentary in Denmark is fleshed out with an account of the production and reception of Poul Henningsen’s seminal film Danmark (1935), and the international context is accounted for with an overview of the development of state-supported filmmaking in the UK, Italy and Germany. Developments in the funding and output of Dansk Kulturfilm up to World War II are outlined, followed by an account of the impact of the German Occupation of Denmark on domestic informational film. The establishment of the Danish Government Film Committee or Ministeriernes Filmudvalg kick-started aprofessionalisation of state-sponsored filmmaking, and two wartime public information films are briefly analysed as examples of its early output. The chapter concludes with an account of the relations between the Danish Resistance and an emerging generation of documentarists.

The Roots of Global Health Inequity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joia S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact

This chapter outlines the historical roots of health inequities. It focuses on the African continent, where life expectancy is the shortest and health systems are weakest. The chapter describes the impoverishment of countries by colonial powers, the development of the global human rights framework in the post-World War II era, the impact of the Cold War on African liberation struggles, and the challenges faced by newly liberated African governments to deliver health care through the public sector. The influence of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund’s neoliberal economic policies is also discussed. The chapter highlights the shift from the aspiration of “health for all” voiced at the Alma Ata Conference on Primary Health Care in 1978, to the more narrowly defined “selective primary health care.” Finally, the chapter explains the challenges inherent in financing health in impoverished countries and how user fees became standard practice.

Theorizing About Post-Keynesian Economics in Australasa

2013 ◽  
pp. 411-435
Author(s):  
Paul Dalziel ◽  
J. W. Nevile
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
World War ◽  
Keynesian Economics ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Monetary And Fiscal Policy

There was much in common in the development of post-Keynesian economics in Australia and New Zealand, but there were also many differences. Both countries shared a common heritage in higher education. In the first twenty-five years after World War II, both countries adopted broadly Keynesian policies and experienced very low levels of unemployment. Increasingly over these years more theorizing about macroeconomic policy had what now would be called a post-Keynesian content, but this label was not used till after the event. In both countries, apart from one important factor, the experience of actual monetary policy and theorizing about it were similar. Keynesian ideas were more rapidly adopted in Australia than in many other countries. Not surprisingly for a couple of decades after 1936, analysis of policy and its application was Keynesian rather than post-Keynesian, with fiscal policy playing the major role. The conduct of both monetary and fiscal policy depends on the theory of inflation. This chapter examines post-Keynesian economics in Australasia, focusing on aggregate demand, economic growth, and income distribution policy.

War of words: the impact of Russian state television on the Russian Internet

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cottiero ◽  
Katherine Kucharski ◽  
Evgenia Olimpieva ◽  
Robert W. Orttung
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
World War ◽  
Search Query ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

How effective is Russian state television in framing the conflict in Ukraine that began with the Euromaidan protests and what is its impact on Russian Internet users? We carried out a content analysis of Dmitrii Kiselev's “News of the Week” show, which allowed us to identify the two key frames he used to explain the conflict – World War II-era fascism and anti-Americanism. Since Kiselev often reduces these frames to buzzwords, we were able to track the impact of these words on Internet users by examining search query histories on Yandex and Google and by developing quantitative data to complement our qualitative analysis. Our findings show that much of what state media produces is not effective, but that the “fascist” and anti-American frames have had lasting impacts on Russian Internet users. We argue that it does not make sense to speak of competition between a “television party” and an “Internet party” in Russia since state television has a strong impact in setting the agenda for the Internet and society as a whole. Ultimately, the relationship between television and the Internet in Russia is a continual loop, with each affecting the other.

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