Interactions of phosphorus content and phytase inclusion in diets for growing pigs: Digestibility and P utilisation

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
K.J. McCracken ◽  
V.E. Beattie ◽  
R.N. Weatherup ◽  
R. W. Henry ◽  
S. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Available P ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
P Content ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
Utilisation Data ◽  
The Impact

There is considerable literature on phosphorus requirements of pigs and on the use of phytase to improve phosphorus digestibility and reduce P excretion. However, much of this has been concentrated on weaned pigs (eg Beers and Jongbloed, 1992), the finishing stage (eg Russoet al, 1995) or the diets used were synthetic (eg Ketarenet al, 1993). The available P requirement for pigs between 20-50 kg was estimated at 3 g/kg by ARC (1981) but the NRC (1998) estimate is 2.3 g/kg. This paper reports digestibility and P utilisation data on 40 kg pigs using the grower diets employed in a study on the impact of commercially feasible reductions in dietary P content and of phytase inclusion on growth and bone strength (Weatherupet al, 1999).

scholarly journals Changes of soil bioavailable phosphorus content in the long-term field fertilizing experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kulhánek ◽  
Jindřich Černý ◽  
Jiří Balík ◽  
Ondřej Sedlář ◽  
Filip Vašák
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Available P ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Bioavailable Phosphorus ◽  
P Content

The aim of this study is to describe the changes of bioavailable phosphorus content in soil in long-term 18 years field experiments with different fertilizing systems. The field experiments are located at three sites with different soil and climatic conditions in the Czech Republic (Červený Újezd, Humpolec and Prague-Suchdol). Same fertilizing systems and crop rotation (potatoes (maize) – winter wheat – spring barley) are realized at each site with following fertilizing treatments: (1) unfertilized treatment (control), (2) farmyard manure (FYM), (3) and (4) sewage sludge (SS 1 and SS 3), (5) mineral nitrogen (N), (6) mineral nitrogen with straw (N + straw) and (7) mineral nitrogen with phosphorus and potassium (NPK). The long-term fertilizing effect on available P content changes in soil was observed. Bioavailable phosphorus content in soil increased in treatments with organic fertilization after 18 year experiment at all sites. The treatments SS 3 had the highest increase at all sites. The highest bioavailable P content increase compared to control (258 mg/kg) was determined at site Červený Újezd. On the contrary, available phosphorus content decreased at treatments with mineral fertilization and control treatment among all sites. Bioavailable P content decrease in the treatment NPK was observed, although phosphorus was applied. The lowest differences in available P content among all fertilizing treatments were observed at the location Prague-Suchdol.  

Effects of Freezing and Thawing on Soil Phosphorus of Protective Farmland

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1309-1313
Author(s):  
Yun Jiang Liang ◽  
Min Jie Fu ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Guang Bo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Available P ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
P Content ◽  
Low Strength

Freezing and thawing of soil is an abiotic stress, and has direct effect on chemical properties, physical properties and biological properties. In order to research effect of freezing and thawing on soil chemical properties, experiments of freeze-thaw cycle were simulated, and different forms phosphorus was measured. Results show that freezing and thawing made water-soluble and loosely combined phosphorus content decrease, but made calcium P content increase. Low-strength freezing and thawing cycle made aluminum P content increase, but made iron P content decrease. To soil of low accumulation phosphorus, low-strength freezing and thawing made occluded P content decrease and be released, but high-strength freezing and thawing made occluded P content increase. Inorganic phosphorus content had an ascending trend with enhancing of freezing and thawing, but organic phosphorus content had a descending trend. Under low-strength freezing and thawing, available P content of soil of low accumulation phosphorus had an ascending trend, and available P content of soil of high accumulation phosphorus had a descending trend, but available phosphorus content had no great changes when strength of freezing and thawing continued to increase.

Phosphorus equivalence ofaspergillus nigerphytase for growing pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
Naheeda Khan ◽  
D.J.A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Soil Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
Inorganic Phosphates

Inconsistencies in the estimated phosphorus requirements of growing pigs have come to light in recent years due to environmental constraints being imposed on the livestock production sector. Values of a net requirement estimated by the ARC (1981) extend from 4.6 g/day for 25kg liveweight to 5.2 g/day for 45kg pigs, but current literature suggesting that the actual requirement may be lower (eg Jongbloed and Everts, 1991) calls for a revision of previous recommendations.Around two thirds of the total phosphorus in cereals exists in the form of insoluble phytates which must be degraded before the phosphorus can be absorbed in the intestine. Under experimental conditions, the use of phytase in pig diets has demonstrated consistent improvements in phosphorus digestibility. The enzyme hydrolyses phytate by stepwise removal of orthophosphates, which become available for absorption in the gut. Although quantification of phytase/phosphorus substitution is as yet undetermined, digestibility results so far indicate that if used correctly the enzyme could largely replace inorganic phosphates, particularly in regions where soil phosphate levels are of concern.

scholarly journals The influence of xylanase on the fermentability, digestibility, and physiochemical properties of insoluble corn-based fiber along the gastrointestinal tract of growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L Petry ◽  
Nichole F Huntley ◽  
Michael R Bedford ◽  
John F Patience
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digesta Viscosity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In theory, supplementing xylanase in corn-based swine diets should improve nutrient and energy digestibility and fiber fermentability, but its efficacy is inconsistent. The experimental objective was to investigate the impact of xylanase on energy and nutrient digestibility, digesta viscosity, and fermentation when pigs are fed a diet high in insoluble fiber (>20% neutral detergent fiber; NDF) and given a 46-d dietary adaptation period. Three replicates of 20 growing gilts were blocked by initial body weight, individually housed, and assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments: a low-fiber control (LF) with 7.5% NDF, a 30% corn bran high-fiber control (HF; 21.9% NDF), HF+100 mg xylanase/kg [HF+XY, (Econase XT 25P; AB Vista, Marlborough, UK)] providing 16,000 birch xylan units/kg; and HF+50 mg arabinoxylan-oligosaccharide (AXOS) product/kg [HF+AX, (XOS 35A; Shandong Longlive Biotechnology, Shandong, China)] providing AXOS with 3-7 degrees of polymerization. Gilts were allowed ad libitum access to fed for 36-d. On d 36, pigs were housed in metabolism crates for a 10-d period, limit fed, and feces were collected. On d 46, pigs were euthanized and ileal, cecal, and colonic digesta were collected. Data were analyzed as a linear mixed model with block and replication as random effects, and treatment as a fixed effect. Compared with LF, HF reduced the apparent ileal digestibility (AID), apparent cecal digestibility (ACED), apparent colonic digestibility (ACOD), and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), NDF, and hemicellulose (P<0.01). Relative to HF, HF+XY improved the AID of GE, CP, and NDF (P<0.05), and improved the ACED, ACOD, and ATTD of DM, GE, CP, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose (P<0.05). Among treatments, pigs fed HF had increased hindgut DM disappearance (P=0.031). Relative to HF, HF+XY improved cecal disappearance of DM (162 vs. 98g; P=0.008) and NDF (44 vs. 13g; P<0.01). Pigs fed xylanase had a greater proportion of acetate in cecal digesta and butyrate in colonic digesta among treatments (P<0.05). Compared with LF, HF increased ileal, cecal, and colonic viscosity, but HF+XY decreased ileal viscosity compared with HF (P<0.001). In conclusion, increased insoluble corn-based fiber decreases digestibility, reduces cecal fermentation, and increases digesta viscosity, but supplementing xylanase partially mitigated that effect.

27 Greenhouse Gas Emissions and a Partial Life Cycle Assessment When Growing Pigs Are Fed High Wheat Millrun Diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Agbee L Kpogo ◽  
Jismol Jose ◽  
Josiane Panisson ◽  
Bernardo Predicala ◽  
Alvin Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Farm Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of feeding growing pigs with high wheat millrun diets on the global warming potential (GWP) of pork production was investigated. In study 1, a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of wheat millrun (0 or 30%) and multi-carbohydrase enzyme (0 or 1 mg kg-1) as main effects was utilized. For each of 16 reps, 6 pigs (60.2±2.2 kg BW) were housed in environmental chambers for 14d. Air samples were collected and analyzed for carbon dioxide (CO2); nitrous oxide (N2O); and methane (CH4). In study 2, data from study 1 and performance data obtained from a previous feeding trial were utilized in a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework that included feed production. The Holos farm model (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge. AB) was used to estimate emissions from feed production. In study 1, total manure output from pigs fed 30% wheat millrun diets was 30% greater than pigs on the 0% wheat millrun diets (P < 0.05), however, Feeding diets with 30% millrun did not affect greenhouse gas (GHG) output (CH4, 4.7, 4.9; N2O, 0.45, 0.42; CO2, 1610, 1711; mg s-1 without or with millrun inclusion, respectively; P > 0.78). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on GHG production (CH4, 4.5, 5.1; N2O, 0.46, 0.42; CO2, 1808, 1513; mg s-1 without or with enzymes, respectively; P > 0.51). In study 2, the LCA indicated that the inclusion of 30% wheat millrun in diets for growing pigs resulted in approximately a 25% reduction in GWP when compared to the no wheat millrun diets. Our results demonstrate that 30% wheat millrun did not increase GHG output from the pigs, and thus the inclusion of wheat millrun in diets of growing pigs can reduce the GWP of pork production.

scholarly journals Using a One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network on Visible and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Improve Soil Phosphorus Prediction in Madagascar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Kensuke Kawamura ◽  
Tomohiro Nishigaki ◽  
Andry Andriamananjara ◽  
Hobimiarantsoa Rakotonindrina ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Available P ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
P Content ◽  
Soil Available P

As a proximal soil sensing technique, laboratory visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy is a promising tool for the quantitative estimation of soil properties. However, there remain challenges for predicting soil phosphorus (P) content and availability, which requires a reliable model applicable for different land-use systems to upscale. Recently, a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) corresponding to the spectral information of soil was developed to considerably improve the accuracy of soil property predictions. The present study investigated the predictive ability of a 1D-CNN model to estimate soil available P (oxalate-extractable P; Pox) content in soils by comparing it with partial least squares (PLS) and random forest (RF) regressions using soil samples (n = 318) collected from natural (forest and non-forest) and cultivated (upland and flooded rice fields) systems in Madagascar. Overall, the 1D-CNN model showed the best predictive accuracy (R2 = 0.878) with a highly accurate prediction ability (ratio of performance to the interquartile range = 2.492). Compared to the PLS model, the RF and 1D-CNN models indicated 4.37% and 23.77% relative improvement in root mean squared error values, respectively. Based on a sensitivity analysis, the important wavebands for predicting soil Pox were associated with iron (Fe) oxide, organic matter (OM), and water absorption, which were previously known wavelength regions for estimating P in soil. These results suggest that 1D-CNN corresponding spectral signatures can be expected to significantly improve the predictive ability for estimating soil available P (Pox) from Vis-NIR spectral data. Rapid and accurate estimation of available P content in soils using our results can be expected to contribute to effective fertilizer management in agriculture and the sustainable management of ecosystems. However, the 1D-CNN model will require a large dataset to extend its applicability to other regions of Madagascar. Thus, further updates should be tested in future studies using larger datasets from a wide range of ecosystems in the tropics.

scholarly journals Phosphorus forms in leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Piccin ◽  
Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽  
Roque Júnior Sartori Bellinaso ◽  
Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽  
Lessandro De Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Available P ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate phosphorus forms in grape leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines grown in a Typic Hapludalf with different available P contents. Two experiments were carried out with Vitis viniferacultivars, one with 'Tannat' and the other with 'Cabernet Franc' grapes. Experiment 1 consisted of two vineyards of 'Tannat', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 11.8 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 34.6 mg kg-1 P. Experiment 2 consisted of two vineyards of 'Cabernet Franc', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 16.0 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 37.0 mg kg-1 P. Leaves were collected at flowering (FL) and veraison (V), and, after their preparation, P forms were evaluated. Yield and must composition were assessed. The highest yield was observed in V2 of experiment 1 and in V2 of experiment 2. Total P content and P forms in leaves at FL and V have no relationship with yield parameters; however, total P content in leaves has a relationship with anthocyanin content in the must of 'Tannat' grapevines. Therefore, P fractionation in leaves predicts neither grapevine yield nor must composition.

scholarly journals Body Anthropometry and Bone Strength Conjointly Determine the Risk of Hip Fracture in a Sideways Fall

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Palanca ◽  
Egon Perilli ◽  
Saulo Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Fracture Dynamics ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sideways Fall

AbstractWe hypothesize that variations of body anthropometry, conjointly with the bone strength, determine the risk of hip fracture. To test the hypothesis, we compared, in a simulated sideways fall, the hip impact energy to the energy needed to fracture the femur. Ten femurs from elderly donors were tested using a novel drop-tower protocol for replicating the hip fracture dynamics during a fall on the side. The impact energy was varied for each femur according to the donor’s body weight, height and soft-tissue thickness, by adjusting the drop height and mass. The fracture pattern, force, energy, strain in the superior femoral neck, bone morphology and microarchitecture were evaluated. Fracture patterns were consistent with clinically relevant hip fractures, and the superior neck strains and timings were comparable with the literature. The hip impact energy (11 – 95 J) and the fracture energy (11 – 39 J) ranges overlapped and showed comparable variance (CV = 69 and 61%, respectively). The aBMD-based definition of osteoporosis correctly classified 7 (70%) fracture/non-fracture cases. The incorrectly classified cases presented large impact energy variations, morphology variations and large subcortical voids as seen in microcomputed tomography. In conclusion, the risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in a sideways fall depends on both body anthropometry and bone strength.

scholarly journals 281 Young Scholar Presentation: Digestibility of calcium and phosphorus in feed ingredients fed to gestating sows and growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Young Scholar ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Abstract In practical diet formulation, values for standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of Ca and P obtained in growing pigs are also applied to sows. However, gestating sows have reduced digestibility and retention of Ca and P compared with growing pigs, and the impact of microbial phytase on the digestibility of P and Ca is much less in sows than in growing pigs. Applying STTD values for Ca and P obtained in growing pigs to diets for gestating sows, therefore, results in an overestimation of the absorbed Ca and P in sows (Table 1). Further research, however, indicated that the digestibility of Ca and P in late gestating sows is greater than in sows in early or mid-gestation and retention of Ca and P was greater in late-gestation compared with earlier gestation periods, which indicates that digestion and absorption of Ca and P may be under hormonal control in sows (Table 2). It was also demonstrated that a wide Ca:P ratio decreased P digestibility in both growing pigs and sows in late-gestation, which demonstrates the need for not overfeeding STTD Ca. In follow-up research, it was demonstrated that several serum biomarkers may be used to predict if a sow is in a positive or a negative Ca and P state, but more research is needed to quantify this effect and to determine if biomarkers can be used in Ca and P requirement experiments. In conclusion, gestating sows have much lower digestibility of Ca and P than growing pigs, which demonstrates that digestibility values obtained in growing pigs cannot be used to accurately formulate diets for gestating sows. Likewise, effects of microbial phytase on digestibility of Ca and P are much less predictable in gestating sows than in growing pigs and phytase effects in sows are much smaller than in growing pigs.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TECHNOGENIC EMISSIONS OF THE AGMZ ON THE ECOLOGICAL TOXICOLOGICAL STATE OF THE AGROECOSYSTEMS OF THE DEBET RIVER BASIN, RA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6(75)) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
S. A. Hunanyan ◽  
T. A. Jhangiryan ◽  
A. L. Mkrtchyan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Upon the investigations the contamination rate of soil and vegetation cover of the basin at river Debed and the impact of technogenesis on the agro-chemical properties of soil and yield capacity of agricultural crops has been identified. It has been found out that the content of heavy metal forms exceeds that of the control one by the following figures: Cu-in 47,5 and 31,8; Pb-32,9 and 36,1; Mo-35,9 and 23,8; Zn-9,5 and 19,1; Co-5,1 and 5,9; Cd25,5 and 23,1 times. The humus content has decreased in 1,2-2,7 times, that of the total and mobile nitrogen has decreased in 1,1-2,17 and 1,4-2,6 times, phosphorus content in 1,0-1,87 and 1,08-2,74 times, potassium content in 1,0-1,38 and 1,13-2,06 times. The environmental reaction has turned from the neutral and poorly alkaline into poorly acidic and acidic one. The amount of HM in the soil and plants has exceeded the MAC (maximum allowable concentration) and the yield capacity of agricultural crops has fallen down by 7,5-29 %.

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