Phosphorus equivalence ofaspergillus nigerphytase for growing pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
Naheeda Khan ◽  
D.J.A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Soil Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
Inorganic Phosphates

Inconsistencies in the estimated phosphorus requirements of growing pigs have come to light in recent years due to environmental constraints being imposed on the livestock production sector. Values of a net requirement estimated by the ARC (1981) extend from 4.6 g/day for 25kg liveweight to 5.2 g/day for 45kg pigs, but current literature suggesting that the actual requirement may be lower (eg Jongbloed and Everts, 1991) calls for a revision of previous recommendations.Around two thirds of the total phosphorus in cereals exists in the form of insoluble phytates which must be degraded before the phosphorus can be absorbed in the intestine. Under experimental conditions, the use of phytase in pig diets has demonstrated consistent improvements in phosphorus digestibility. The enzyme hydrolyses phytate by stepwise removal of orthophosphates, which become available for absorption in the gut. Although quantification of phytase/phosphorus substitution is as yet undetermined, digestibility results so far indicate that if used correctly the enzyme could largely replace inorganic phosphates, particularly in regions where soil phosphate levels are of concern.

The Comparison of Black Currant Juice and Vitamin E for the Prevention of Oxidative Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janez Salobir ◽  
Tanja Pajk Zontar ◽  
Alenka Levart ◽  
Vida Rezar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cont Group

Black currant is known as a fruit with a very strong in vitro antioxidative capacity, but its in vivo antioxidant efficacy has not yet been characterized. The aim of the experiment was to determine the potency of black currant juice in comparison to vitamin E, for decreasing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress was induced by high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in pigs as a model for humans. Twenty-four growing pigs were divided into four groups. All groups received isocaloric daily rations composed of an equal amount of basal diet that was supplemented with starch (CONT), linseed oil (OIL), linseed oil and black currant juice (OIL+BCJ), or linseed oil and vitamin E (OIL+VIT E). The experiment confirmed that the high proportion of PUFAs in the OIL group increased oxidative stress. In comparison with the OIL group, vitamin E supplementation significantly lowered plasma malondiadehyde (MDA) and the 24-hour urine MDA excretion rate, and reduced the degree of DNA damage in leukocytes to the level of the CONT group. The black currant juice intake failed to significantly decrease plasma MDA and 24-hour urine MDA excretion rate, but did reduce the degree of DNA damage in leukocytes to the level of the CONT group, as well as increase plasma β+γ-tocopherol concentrations. Although black currant juice did not reduce the formation of MDA, it efficiently prevented DNA damage induced by the high intake of PUFAs. It could be concluded that under these experimental conditions vitamin E was more efficient as an antioxidant that black currant juice.

Response of growing pigs toPeniophora lycii- andEscherichia coli-derived phytases or varying ratios of calcium to total phosphorus

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Adeola ◽  
O. A. Olukosi ◽  
J. A. Jendza ◽  
R. N. Dilger ◽  
M. R. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to study the effects of phytase derived fromEscherichia coli(ECP) andPeniophora lycii(PLP) on performance, nutrient digestibility, and phosphorus (P) equivalency values of young pigs; and the influence of varying ratios of calcium (Ca) to total phosphorus (Ca:tP) with or without ECP on growth performance of pigs. In each experiment, 48 10-kg pigs were housed in individual pens for 28 days. Experiment 1 was designed to study the efficacy of ECP and PLP in improving growth performance and bone mineralization of young pigs given a low inorganic P (iP) diet. In the experiment, pigs were blocked by weight and sex and randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments. Each treatment had six replicates. The treatments were a positive control with adequate iP (PC); a low iP negative control (NC) diet; NC with supplemental iP in the form of monosodium phosphate added to provide 0·75 or 1·50 g iP per kg diet (as-fed basis); NC with ECP or PLP added at 500 or 1000 FTU per kg (as-fed basis; one phytase unit or FTU is defined as the quantity of enzyme required to liberate 1 μmol of iP per min, at pH 5·5, from an excess of 15 μmol/l sodium phytate at 37°C). In experiment 2, the objective was to study the effect of varying Ca:tP ratio with or without ECP on growth performance of growing pigs. Pigs (eight replicates) were blocked by weight and sex and randomly assigned to six dietary treatments in a 3×2 factorial arrangement of Ca:tP ratios at 1·2, 1·5, or 1·8; and ECP at 0 or 1000 FTU per kg (as-fed basis). In experiment 1, ECP (P<0·001) and PLP (P<0·05) linearly increased daily gain. There was a positive linear (P<0·05) response to the supplementation of the NC diet with ECP or PLP in the mineralization of the third and fourth metacarpal bones. Phosphorus equivalency values for 500 FTU of ECP or PLP based on mineralization of the third metacarpal bone were 0·77 g or 0·572 g, respectively. There were linear (P<0·001) and quadratic (P<0·05) responses to ECP, and linear (P<0·01) response to PLP in P digestibility. Neither iP supplementation nor either of the two phytases had significant effects on digestibility of dry matter, protein or energy. In experiment 2, reducing Ca:tP ratio linearly improved (P<0·05) daily gain, food intake, and food efficiency in pigs regardless of phytase supplementation. There was an enzyme by Ca:tP interaction on food intake. These studies in young pigs showed that ECP and PLP were efficacious in improving the growth performance and bone mineralization and that reducing the Ca:tP ratio enhanced performance response to phytase supplementation.

scholarly journals Phosphorus requirement for juvenile jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) on a semi-purified diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Bastos Rocha ◽  
Juvêncio Luís Osório Fernandes Pouey
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Monobasic Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rhamdia Quelen ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements

The aim of the present study was to determine the total phosphorus requirement in the diet of jundiá fry (Rhamdia quelen) in a semi-purified diet. A quantitative experimental research was carried out, using dehydrated albumin as a protein source, with the supplementation of monobasic sodium phosphate at different levels: 0.04; 0.30; 0.47 and 0.70% of total phosphorus (P). 160 fish with an average weight of 1.20 ± 0.53g were used in an experimental or completely randomized design, with four treatments and four replications. The experiment lasted 33 days. To determine the phosphorus requirements for juveniles, body chemical composition, bone mineral composition and productive performance parameters were evaluated. The body chemical composition only the levels of protein did not present significant difference (p˃0.05). The levels of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium in the bones increased linearly, with increased levels of phosphorus in the diet. Based on weight gain and total length, the requirement for phosphorus for juveniles of jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) in a semipurified diet is between 0.53 - 0 5.8% of P-total.

Statistical research on the fate of dietary mineral elements in dry and lactating cows III. Phosphorus

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lomba ◽  
R. Paquay ◽  
V. Bienfet ◽  
A. Lousse
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphorus Balance ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
The Many ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
Phosphorus Losses

SUMMARYStatistical analyses were carried out on the data obtained under very strict conditions in metabolism stalls with 41 different rations fed to 127 adult non-pregnant dry cows and with 14 other different rations fed to 35 adult non-pregnant lactating cows that had calved 2–6 months earlier and whose daily milk production ranged from 11 to 20 kg.The correlations between faecal and urinary phosphorus losses, phosphorus in milk, digestible phosphorus and phosphorus balance and the other nutritive factors of the 55 above-mentioned experimental diets have been calculated.In dry and lactating cows, with very variable intakes of phosphorus, phosphorus faecal and urinary losses show very wide variations and may be important. They are not influenced by phosphorus intake, and are related, among the many other nutritional factors we analysed only to ingested water and to a lesser extent to the nitrogen of the diet.The phosphorus balance is thus also very much variable and not really related to the composition of the ration.This low influence of the diet on the apparent fate of phosphorus can be explained by the interference of unpredictable but certainly quite variable endogenous phosphorus excretion, which is also probably responsible for the effect we found of individual factors and of the previous nutritional status.In the lactating cows, the phosphorus requirements for milk production influence the utilization of phosphorus since a significant correlation exists between phosphorus secreted in the milk and urinary phosphorus.In our experimental conditions, the Ca: P ratio does not seem to influence the fate of dietary calcium and phosphorus.

Interactions of phosphorus content and phytase inclusion in diets for growing pigs: Digestibility and P utilisation

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 167-167
Author(s):  
K.J. McCracken ◽  
V.E. Beattie ◽  
R.N. Weatherup ◽  
R. W. Henry ◽  
S. Smyth
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Available P ◽  
Weaned Pigs ◽  
P Content ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements ◽  
Utilisation Data ◽  
The Impact

There is considerable literature on phosphorus requirements of pigs and on the use of phytase to improve phosphorus digestibility and reduce P excretion. However, much of this has been concentrated on weaned pigs (eg Beers and Jongbloed, 1992), the finishing stage (eg Russoet al, 1995) or the diets used were synthetic (eg Ketarenet al, 1993). The available P requirement for pigs between 20-50 kg was estimated at 3 g/kg by ARC (1981) but the NRC (1998) estimate is 2.3 g/kg. This paper reports digestibility and P utilisation data on 40 kg pigs using the grower diets employed in a study on the impact of commercially feasible reductions in dietary P content and of phytase inclusion on growth and bone strength (Weatherupet al, 1999).

Selective retention of organic phosphate esters and phosphonates on aluminium oxide

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
M-A. Coletti-Previero ◽  
M. Pugnière ◽  
H. Mattras ◽  
J. C. Nicolas ◽  
A. Previero
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aluminium Oxide ◽  
Organic Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
Phosphonic Acids ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Compound ◽  
Phosphorylated Compounds ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Inorganic Phosphates

Compounds containing the −PO3H2 function, such as monoesters of phosphoric acid and phosphonic acids, specifically bind to aluminium oxide in aqueous solution under experimental conditions where non-phosphorylated compounds are completely desorbed. The bound organic phosphate can be specifically displaced by aqueous solution of inorganic phosphates thus allowing their separation or detection by a technique similar to that of affinity chromatography. The consequences of this finding for phosphate compound biochemistry are discussed.

scholarly journals Isolation of PCV3 from Perinatal and Reproductive Cases of PCV3-Associated Disease and In Vivo Characterization of PCV3 Replication in CD/CD Growing Pigs

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Mora-Díaz ◽  
Pablo Piñeyro ◽  
Huigang Shen ◽  
Kent Schwartz ◽  
Fabio Vannucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Histological Lesion ◽  
In Vivo Characterization

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) has been identified as a putative swine pathogen with a subset of infections resulting in stillborn and mummified fetuses, encephalitis and myocarditis in perinatal, and periarteritis in growing pigs. Three PCV3 isolates were isolated from weak-born piglets or elevated stillborn and mummified fetuses. Full-length genome sequences from different passages and isolates (PCV3a1 ISU27734, PCV3a2 ISU58312, PCV3c ISU44806) were determined using metagenomics sequencing. Virus production in cell culture was confirmed by qPCR, IFA, and in situ hybridization. In vivo replication of PCV3 was also demonstrated in CD/CD pigs (n = 8) under experimental conditions. Viremia, first detected at 7 dpi, was detected in all pigs by 28 dpi. IgM antibody response was detected between 7–14 dpi in 5/8 PCV3-inoculated pigs but no IgG seroconversion was detected throughout the study. Pigs presented histological lesion consistent with multi systemic inflammation characterized by myocarditis and systemic perivasculitis. Viral replication was confirmed in all tissues by in situ hybridization. Clinically, all animals were unremarkable throughout the study. Although the clinical relevance of PCV3 remains under debate, this is the first isolation of PCV3 from perinatal and reproductive cases of PCV3-associated disease and in vivo characterization of PCV3 infection in a CD/CD pig model.

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