Energy and protein utilisation equations in lactating gilts

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 ◽  
pp. 22-22
Author(s):  
N.D. Cameron ◽  
G.B. Garth ◽  
R. Fenty
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Protein Balance ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Protein Utilisation ◽  
Piglet Growth

Nutrition models of energy and protein utilisation have been developed for lactating pigs but there is little or no evidence in the scientific literature of the validation of such models. If there are systematic discrepancies in such models, then inappropriate supply of nutrients will either be an inefficient use of resources with oversupply or have an impact on piglet growth and subsequent reproductive performance of the sow with undersupply. In the current study, lactating gilts were fed isoenergetic diets differing in ileal digestible lysine: energy. Protein and energy utilisation were predicted using existing nutrition equations. The validity of the energy and protein utilisation equations was tested by determining if the predicted energy balance differed significantly from zero or if the predicted protein balance was not significantly less than zero.

AGEWEAN – The effect of weaning age on sow performance over four parities

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 85-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L. Edge ◽  
K. Breuer ◽  
K. Hillman ◽  
C.A. Morgan ◽  
A. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Piglet Growth

Weaning pigs from the sow at an older age, when their digestive systems are more mature, has been suggested as an approach to reduce the potentially negative effect of the in-feed antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) ban on the national pig herd. Whilst this approach has been shown to improve feed intake and piglet growth rate during the early postweaning period (Edge et al. 2006) it is also important to consider how changes in weaning age may influence sow productivity and longevity in the herd. The AGEWEAN programme of research followed 570 gilts whose piglets were weaned at either 4, 6 or 8 weeks of age through four successive parities; reproductive performance, litter data and the timing and reasons for any sow being culled from the herd were recorded.

The dynamics of energy supply and demand of foaling mares managed at pasture: a deterministic modelling approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (18) ◽  
pp. 2122
Author(s):  
Y. Y. Chin ◽  
F. J. Roca Fraga ◽  
P. J. Back ◽  
E. K. Gee ◽  
C. W. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Deterministic Modelling

Context. At pasture, the nutritional status of mares will change due to a dynamic association between their energy requirements and the energy supply. Change in the plane of nutrition can influence reproductive performance measures in the mares. To help optimise nutritional and operational management of mares on stud farms, the nutritional status of Thoroughbred broodmares and the factors influencing the energy supply and demand were investigated. Aims. To assess nutritional status of the Thoroughbred broodmare herds under ‘normal’ New Zealand commercial stud-farm conditions. Methods. The energy intake, energy requirement and energy balance during the last 3 months of pregnancy and the first 5 months of lactation were modelled for mares with an initial bodyweight of 450 kg, 500 kg, 550 kg and 600 kg, and foaled at 0, 15, 50, and 90 days after 1 September. Key results. For all foaling dates and bodyweights, mares were in positive energy balance during the last 3 months of pregnancy (6.1–8.5%). Energy balance decreased as pregnancy progressed, followed by a large and acute energy deficit that was initiated soon after foaling and continued during lactation. The energy deficit during lactation varied between –8.6% and –12.4%, depending on the foaling date modelled. Mares foaling later in the season (50–90 days after 1 September) had greater and longer (30–50 days) postpartum energy deficit than did mares that foaled earlier in the season, who recovered within 20 days postpartum. The modelled changes in the energy balance would be large enough to initiate mobilisation of the fat reserve (body condition), and could, therefore, explain the observation of delayed postpartum to conception interval observed with later-foaling mares on commercial farms. Conclusions. There is a large and prolonged energy deficit soon after foaling and throughout 150 days of lactation in Thoroughbred mares managed under New Zealand commercial grazing conditions. Foaling later in the season can cause a mismatch in energy supply and demand that would increase and prolong the energy deficit. Implications. These findings suggest a need for stud farms to actively manage the pasture supply and monitor the mare’s BWT and BCS changes in an attempt to optimise the mare’s nutritional status and reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Long-term oral refeeding of patients with cirrhosis of the liver

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Nielsen ◽  
Jens Kondrup ◽  
Lars Martinsen ◽  
Henrik Døssing ◽  
Benny Larsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Protein Balance ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Duplicate Portion

A previous study has shown that malnourished, clinically stable patients with liver cirrhosis are in protein and energy balance at their spontaneous dietary intake and that an improvement in nutritional status cannot be anticipated at this intake (Nielsen et al. 1993). In the present study we examined to what extent oral intake could be increased by nutritional support, and to what extent dietary protein would be retained with increased intake. The techniques used for balance studies were also validated since this information is not available for patients with liver cirrhosis. Fifteen malnourished patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were given increasing amounts of a balanced ordinary diet for 38 (SE 3) d. Intakes of protein and energy were recorded by weighing servings and leftovers on food trays. Protein intake was calculated from food tables. Total N disposal was calculated after measurement of urinary N excretion, and protein balance was calculated from the N balance. A validation study of protein balance in a subgroup of patients (analysis of N in food by the duplicate portion technique, correction for incomplete recovery of urine by measurement of urinary para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) after administration of PABA tablets, and measurement of faecal N) did not change protein balance values. Protein intake increased from 1. 0 (SE 0.1) g/kg per d to 1·8 (SE 0·1)g/kg per d. With increasing protein intake, 84 (SE 8)% of the increase in intake was retained. The rate of protein retention was not saturated at the intakes obtained in this study. Protein intolerance was only encountered in one patient. Available evidence indicates that the requirement for achieving N balance is increased in these patients but protein retention is highly efficient with increased intake. Protein retention is dependent on energy balance. Energy intake was calculated from food tables and total energy expenditure was calculated by the factorial method. A validation study was performed in a subgroup of patients. The energy contents of food sampled by the duplicate portion technique, and of urine and faeces were measured by bomb calorimetry. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry before and at the end of the study, and O2 uptake during bicycle exercise was measured before and at the end of the study. The measured intake of metabolizable energy was on average 13% lower than the value given in food tables. Calculated energy expenditure was not changed by the validation study. Mean energy intake was 163 (SE 10) kJ/kg per d and mean energy expenditure was 134 (SE 5) kJ/kg per d (P = 0·007), indicating that the protein retention described occurred at a positive energy balance. It is concluded that a substantial retention of dietary protein can be obtained by oral nutrition support over a prolonged period of time in patients with liver cirrhosis. Requirements of protein for maintenance and repletion in these patients are discussed.

scholarly journals Chromogenic Technologies for Energy Saving

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-475
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cannavale
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
External Stimuli

Chromogenic materials and devices include a wide range of technologies that are capable of changing their spectral properties according to specific external stimuli. Several studies have shown that chromogenics can be conveniently used in building façades in order to reduce energy consumption, with other significant effects. First of all, chromogenics influence the annual energy balance of a building, achieving significant reductions in consumption for HVAC and artificial lighting. In addition, these technologies potentially improve the indoor level of visual comfort, reducing the risks of glare and excessive lighting. This brief review points to a systematic discussion—although not exhaustive and mainly limited to recent results and investigations—of the main studies that deal with building-integrated chromogenics that have appeared, so far, in the scientific literature.

Prediction of conception at 1st artificial insemination using a combination of energy balance indicators

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 10-10
Author(s):  
G E Valergakis ◽  
G Oikonomou ◽  
G Arsenos ◽  
M P Georgiadis ◽  
G Banos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Voluntary Waiting Period

Declining reproductive performance is a major problem for the global dairy industry (Lucy 2001) whereas magnitude and duration of postpartum negative energy balance of dairy cows are considered as the main reasons (de Vries and Veerkamp 2000). Moreover, various energy balance indicators, such as body condition score (BCS) and plasma βhydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration, have been correlated with reduced reproductive performance (Pryce et al 2001, Taylor et al 2003, Patton et al 2007, Walsh et al 2007). Such information has been already used to adjust herd management practices in order to prevent negative effects on reproduction. Furthermore, the ability to predict reproductive performance of cows with reasonable accuracy would also be very useful to dairy farmers. In such case, important management decisions (e.g. length of voluntary waiting period, starting dates of synchronisation programs and price of semen used), could be made for each individual cow. The aim of this study was to investigate whether combining certain energy balance indicators would yield useful predictions of cow reproductive performance at 1st artificial insemination (AI).

scholarly journals Effect of genetic merit for energy balance on luteal activity and subsequent reproductive performance in primiparous Holstein-Friesian cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 1128-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. von Leesen ◽  
J. Tetens ◽  
E. Stamer ◽  
W. Junge ◽  
G. Thaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

scholarly journals A Look at the Past, Present and Future Research Trends of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1839
Author(s):  
José Luis Ruiz-Real ◽  
Juan Uribe-Toril ◽  
José Antonio Torres Arriaza ◽  
Jaime de Pablo Valenciano
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Past ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Prolific Authors

Technification in agriculture has resulted in the inclusion of more efficient companies that have evolved into a more complex sector focused on production and quality. Artificial intelligence, one of the relevant areas of technology, is transforming the agriculture sector by reducing the consumption and use of resources. This research uses a bibliometric methodology and a fractional counting method of clustering to analyze the scientific literature on the topic, reviewing 2629 related documents recorded on the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The study found significant results regarding the most relevant and prolific authors (Hoogenboom), supporting research organizations (National Natural Science Foundation of China) and countries (U.S., China, India, or Iran). The identification of leaders in this field gives researchers new possibilities for new lines of research based on previous studies. An in-depth examination of authors’ keywords identified different clusters and trends linking Artificial Intelligence and green economy, sustainable development, climate change, and the environment.

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