Response of early lactation dairy cows to the inclusion of the liver technology product ABN-LiFT in the total mixed ration

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 197-197
Author(s):  
C A Middlemass ◽  
C M Minter ◽  
M Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Technology Product

Through the dry period to early lactation the cow goes through a dramatic change in her metabolism. To supply the high energy requirement in early lactation fat supply from the diet and body mobilisation increases substantially. As a result, the liver accumulates fat, the rate of detoxification slows down, ammonia accumulates and there’s a reduced supply of fat, glucose and protein to the udder. This trial was designed to evaluate the response of dairy cows to product called ABN-LiFT a proprietary mixture of B-group vitamins and methyl group donors (rumen protected choline, niacin, vitamin B12, biotin, folic acid and thiamine) designed to reduce the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver and accelerate VLDL export.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Supplements of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 on Metabolism of Dairy Cows in Early Lactation

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 3442-3455 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Graulet ◽  
J.J. Matte ◽  
A. Desrochers ◽  
L. Doepel ◽  
M.-F. Palin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Early Lactation

scholarly journals CD49f+ mammary epithelial cells decrease in milk from dairy cows stressed by overstocking during the dry period

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Baratta ◽  
Silvia Miretti ◽  
Paolo Accornero ◽  
Giovanna Galeati ◽  
Andrea Formigoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Cytokeratin 18 ◽  
Cell Subpopulations

The work reported in this Research Communication describes the modification in epithelial cell populations during the first and the last month of milking in Holstein Friesian cows that have undergone different management during the dry period, and we report the differential expression of CD49f+ and cytokeratin18+ cell subpopulations. Twenty six cows were randomly divided into 2 balanced groups that were housed at stocking density of either 11 m2 (CTR) or 5 m2 from 21 ± 3 d before the expected calving until calving. Cells collected from milk samples taken in early lactation and late lactation were directly analysed for CD45, CD49f, cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin 18 and cell viability. We observed a differential expression with a significant reduction in CD49f+ (P < 0·01) and cytokeratin 18+ (P < 0·05) cells in early lactation. Differences were still evident in late lactation but were not significant. These observations suggest that mammary epithelial cell immunophenotypes could be associated with different animal management in the dry period and we hypothesise they may have a role as biomarkers for mammary gland function in dairy cows.

Plasma essential amino acids concentrations of early lactating Holstein dairy cows fed diet containing raw or roasted Iranian soybean

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 182-182
Author(s):  
Forouzan Tabatabaie ◽  
Hassan Fathi ◽  
Mohsen Danesh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Physical Method ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
High Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements ◽  
Physical Treatments

Whole soybean has 40-42 percent CP and used as high energy-protein supplement for early lactation dairy cows. However, the protein is highly degradable, so small amounts of amino acids can be reached to small intestine to meet high amino acid requirements of early lactating cows. Therefore, various chemical and physical treatments have been suggested to decrease ruminal protein degradability of soybeans. The practical use and application of any one method to lower ruminal feed degradability is dependent not only on its efficacy but also on its cost effectiveness, safety and ease of application. For these reasons, heat treatment is the most commonly used physical method (Plegge et al., 1985). The purpose of this study was to determine how roasting of soybeans affect plasma essential amino acid concentrations in early lactation cows.

scholarly journals Effects of supplements of folic acid, vitamin B12, and rumen-protected methionine on whole body metabolism of methionine and glucose in lactating dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 677-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Preynat ◽  
H. Lapierre ◽  
M.C. Thivierge ◽  
M.F. Palin ◽  
J.J. Matte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism

The Effect of Vitamin B12 Deficiency on Methylfolate Metabolism and Pteroylpolyglutamate Synthesis in Human Cells

1974 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-630
Author(s):  
A. Lavoie ◽  
E. Tripp ◽  
A. V. Hoffbrand
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Pernicious Anaemia ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
B12 Deficiency

1. The uptake of 14C from [methyl-14C]methyItetrahydrofolate was significantly reduced in the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes from nine patients with untreated pernicious anaemia compared with the uptake in seven normal subjects. 2. The uptake of 14C from [14C]methyltetrahydrofolate by the lymphocytes from seven of the patients with pernicious anaemia was consistently increased by addition of vitamin B12in vitro. 3. The proportion of 14C taken up from [14C]methyltetrahydrofolate transferred to non-folate compounds was found to be significantly reduced in the PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from nine patients with untreated pernicious anaemia compared with the proportion transferred in the PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from seven normal subjects. Addition of vitamin B12in vitro consistently increased the transfer in vitamin B12-deficient cells but had no consistent effect in normal cells. 4. Normal and vitamin B12-deficient PHA-stimulated lymphocytes took up [3H]folic acid and after 72 h incubation converted this largely into pteroylpolyglutamate forms. 5. The proportion of labelled lymphocyte folate as pteroylpolyglutamate after incubation with [3H]folic acid was the same in vitamin B12-deficient as in normal lymphocytes and the proportion of pteroylpolyglutamates formed in vitamin B12-deficient lymphocytes was unaffected by addition of vitamin B12in vitro. 6. No radioactivity could be decteted in pteroylpolyglutamates after incubating normal PHA-stimulated lymphocytes with [14C]methyltetrahydrofolate for 72 h, suggesting that pteroylpolyglutamate forms of folate cannot be made directly from methyltetrahydrofolate. 7. These results are consistent with the ‘methyltetrahydrofolate trap’ hypothesis in vitamin B12 deficiency. It is suggested that reduced synthesis of pteroylpolyglutamates reported by others in vitamin B12-deficient cells may be secondary to the failure of removal of the methyl group from methyltetrahydrofolate rather than to a direct effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on the enzyme responsible for pteroylpolyglutamate synthesis. 8. Reduced entry of methyltetrahydrofolate into vitamin B12-deficient cells may be secondary to failure of conversion of this compound into tetrahydrofolate.

Body condition at calving and the performance of dairy cows in early lactation under Australian conditions: a review

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Grazed Pasture ◽  
Feeding Experiments

With the current increases in genetic merit and feeding occurring at farm level, dairy cows are under increasing nutritional stress in early lactation. Cows obtain their energy at this time from the feeds they eat and from body reserves. The relationship between body condition at calving and productivity of dairy cows has been reviewed, with particular emphasis on interactions between body condition and nutrition in early lactation. Recent research on the influence of body condition at calving on subsequent milk productivity, conducted mainly in the United Kingdom with complete diets fed indoors, has produced results in apparent conflict with the previous results from southern Australia and New Zealand where cows grazed pasture. In particular, the overseas research suggests considerably less advantage to improvements in body condition than had been previously thought. It is concluded that more information is needed concerning the interaction between body condition at calving and nutrition in early lactation, with dietary energy and protein both being important. There is a suggestion that, when complete diets are fed, it is better to achieve high energy concentrations in post-calving diets by the use of high-fibre concentrates with a fat supplement, rather than with high-starch concentrates. This has implications for dairying in Australia, since cereal grains are the major energy supplement used on many farms in early lactation and recent research has indicated that immediate marginal milk production responses to the use of concentrates may be poorer with fat cows than with thin cows. Reports from controlled feeding experiments indicate that fat cows need more dietary protein than thin cows and undegradable dietary protein might be of more concern than rumen degradable protein. However, in dairy systems where pasture is a considerable proportion of the diet, benefits of supplying specific undegradable dietary protein supplements still need to be established. Recent research has suggested that pasture appears to provide considerable quantities of undegradable dietary protein, even though the crude protein in pasture is potentially highly degradable in the rumen. Body condition at calving may also affect subsequent reproductive performance. This is due to its association with the degree of negative energy balance occurring in early lactation and because fat cows may be more susceptible to metabolic disease(s). While the mechanisms involved are probably quite complex, increases in animal productivity will generate more stress in cows at a time of their annual cycle when stress needs to be minimised. Further understanding is required to link the relevancy of overseas research to Australian dairy farming conditions where pasture is a key input.

Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation on Granulosa Cells of the Dominant Follicle of Dairy Cows.

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 504-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Gagnon ◽  
Marc-André Sirard ◽  
François Richard ◽  
Jean-Paul Laforest
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Vitamin B12 Supplementation

A 2-Year compapison of in-parlour and out-of-parlour concentrate feeding on the production and health of dairy cows

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 5-5
Author(s):  
R. J. Treacher ◽  
W. Little ◽  
I. M. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Dairy cows mobilise fat during early lactation to meet the energy deficit produced by increasing milk yield and reduced appetite. This can result in the deposition of fat in liver, kidney, muscle and other tissues. This “fatty liver syndrome” is associated with reduced fertility and an increased susceptibility to metabolic and infectious disease. Attempts to prevent the development of fatty liver are aimed at reducing fat mobilisation by: 1) calving cows in lean condition, thus increasing appetite and 2) by encouraging high feed intakes immediately after calving by the provision of feed of high energy density on a little and often basis. A useful system in this context might be out-of-parlour concentrate dispensers

Functional analysis of the dairy cow mammary transcriptome between early lactation and mid-dry period

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Lin ◽  
He Lv ◽  
Minghui Jiang ◽  
Jinyu Zhou ◽  
Shuyuan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Digital Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Gene Ontology Analysis ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Molecular Events

AbstractIn this research communication we used digital gene expression (DGE) analysis to identify differences in gene expression in the mammary glands of dairy cows between early lactation and the mid-dry period. A total of 741 genes were identified as being differentially expressed by DGE analysis. Compared with their expression in dry cows, 214 genes were up-regulated and 527 genes were down-regulated in lactating cow mammary glands. Gene Ontology analysis showed that lactation was supported by increased gene expression related to metabolic processes and nutrient transport and was associated with decreased gene expression related to cell proliferation. Pathway mapping using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes showed that 579 differentially expressed genes had pathway annotations related to 204 pathways. Metabolic pathway-related genes were the most significantly enriched. Genes and pathways identified by the present study provide insights into molecular events that occur in the mammary gland between early lactation and mid-dry period, which can be used to facilitate further investigation of the mechanisms underlying lactation and mammary tissue remodeling in dairy cows.

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