The effect of rider gender on performance at international equine eventing competitions

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
T. C. Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Breed Improvement

Analysis of environmental factors within equine sporting competition is critical to understanding potential effects on performance. If such effects are occurring they need careful consideration within any performance assessment mechanisms that are subsequently undertaken on the data. Such effects may have implications for competitor’s selectors and trainers. Additionally and importantly if the performance data is being related to breeding information, these environmental effects may be playing a significant role in our subsequent judgements and predictions within breed improvement models.

scholarly journals 31.B. Workshop: Public health and urban design: an interdisciplinary approach to promote autism friendly environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Autism is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions, characterised by early-onset difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviour and interests. The worldwide population prevalence is about 1% with an increasing incidence and prevalence rates. Autism affects more male than female individuals, and comorbidity is common (>70% have concurrent conditions). Determinants of these changes in incidence and prevalence rates may also be related to exposure to environmental factors and to modifications in diagnostic concepts and criteria. In spite of the uncertainty in determinants of incidence of autisms, there is evidence that environmental characteristics play a significant role both as autism risk factors and as potential obstacles that influence the capabilities of autonomously and fully “using” everyday spaces. The workshop aims to provide a framework on risk factors of autism and explore the relationship with the built environment, focusing on the quality of the everyday spaces and projecting the effects that it could have in the long term on achieving a desirable level of quality of life. The 11th Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations “Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” underlines the necessity of designing policies and projects acting to enhance and promote healthy cities and communities by addressing the needs of the most vulnerable groups of inhabitants. Herewith we bring together the discipline of Public Health and Urban Design to promote an interdisciplinary debate on a little explored topic investigating how the approaches adopted during childhood to promote the wellbeing of people with ASD can be related or strengthen by focusing also on built environment design intervention to pursue and reach the same objectives even during adulthood. The workshop will consist of four presentations. The first focuses on giving an overview on current knowledge of intervention for people with autism, presenting also criteria for evidence-based interventions. The second explores the relationship between autism and built environment by providing an exhaustive framework of the available research literature in order to identify a first set of spatial requirements for autism friendly cities. The third examines the impact of built environment on ASD users with the aim of developing a specific evaluation tool for healthcare spaces and best practices formulation according to the specific sensorial hypo- or hyper-activation of people with autism. Finally, the fourth reports the results of a two years Research & Development project called “GAP REDUCE” finalized at developing an Assistive Technology tool to support people with ASD, adult and high-functioning, to plan urban itineraries towards daily destinations. Key messages World's incidence of autism is about 1% with an increasing incidence whose determining rates may also be related to environmental factors and to modifications in diagnostic concepts and criteria. Environmental characteristics play a significant role also as potential obstacles that influence the capabilities of people with autism of autonomously and fully “using” everyday spaces.

scholarly journals 1334Appetitive behaviors in school-age and their genetic and environmental predisposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Warkentin ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Alison Fildes ◽  
Andreia Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Environmental Contribution ◽  
Child Eating ◽  
Old Portuguese ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Behavioral Influences ◽  
Appetitive Behaviors

Abstract Background Given the great variability in adiposity and the exposure to obesogenic food environments, it has been suggested that individuals respond in divergent ways to the environment they live in. Our aim was to explore the genetic and environmental contribution of variations on appetitive behaviors in 10-year-old Portuguese children. Methods Participants were twins from the Generation XXI cohort (n = 86 pairs). Appetitive behaviors at 10 years was assessed through the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Intra-class correlations for appetitive behaviors were calculated for monozygotic and dizygotic twins, and structural equation modelling was conducted to estimate genetic (A), shared (C) and non-shared (E) environmental variances. Results Twins were mainly dizygotic (65%), and a third was classified as having excess weight (30.2%). For all appetitive behaviors, with exception to Emotional Undereating, moderate to strong heritability were found and non-shared environmental effects contributed to appetite variability. For Emotional Undereating, environmental effects seem to be more important than genetic effects (C: 0.81; 95%CI 0.71;0.88 and E: 0.19; 95%CI 0.12;0.29). Conclusions There is a significant genetic contribution, followed by non-shared environmental effects, on appetitive behaviors in school-age years. Results indicate that Emotional Undereating was not heritable, being explained by shared and non-shared environmental factors. Key messages Appetitive behaviors among 10-year-olds seem to be genetically determined, with exception to Emotional Undereating, which showed to be explained by environmental factors. Understanding which genes are associated with child appetitive behaviors would give an insight in biological and behavioral influences on child eating and obesity risk.

scholarly journals Impact of Early Environment on Children's Mental Health: Lessons From DNA Methylation Studies With Monozygotic Twins

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Chiarella ◽  
Richard E. Tremblay ◽  
Moshe Szyf ◽  
Nadine Provençal ◽  
Linda Booij
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
Copy Number Variations ◽  
Early Environment ◽  
Mz Twins

Over the past decade, epigenetic analyses have made important contributions to our understanding of healthy development and a wide variety of adverse conditions such as cancer and psychopathology. There is increasing evidence that DNA methylation is a mechanism by which environmental factors influence gene transcription and, ultimately, phenotype. However, differentiating the effects of the environment from those of genetics on DNA methylation profiles remains a significant challenge. Monozygotic (MZ) twin study designs are unique in their ability to control for genetic differences because each pair of MZ twins shares essentially the same genetic sequence with the exception of a small number of de novo mutations and copy number variations. Thus, differences within twin pairs in gene expression and phenotype, including behavior, can be attributed in the majority of cases to environmental effects rather than genetic influence. In this article, we review the literature showing how MZ twin designs can be used to study basic epigenetic principles, contributing to understanding the role of early in utero and postnatal environmental factors on the development of psychopathology. We also highlight the importance of initiating longitudinal and experimental studies with MZ twins during pregnancy. This approach is especially important to identify: (1) critical time periods during which the early environment can impact brain and mental health development, and (2) the specific mechanisms through which early environmental effects may be mediated. These studies may inform the optimum timing and design for early preventive interventions aimed at reducing risk for psychopathology.

Breed and environmental effects on lamb production in Nigeria

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Buvanendran ◽  
I. F. Adu ◽  
B. A. Oyejola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Correction Factors ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Least Squares Estimates

SUMMARYTwo indigenous breeds of sheep in Nigeria, the Yankasa and Uda and crosses of these with exotic breeds, were evaluated for lamb weights at birth, 3 months and 6 months of age and for adult ewe weight. The cross-bred lambs were significantly (P < 0·05) heavier than the indigenous breeds at all ages. Differences among the indigenous breeds were not significant. Mature ewe weight was 40·8 kg in the cross-bred and 36·0 and 31·1 kg in the Uda and Yankasa respectively, differences between all breeds being significant (P <0·05). Lamb productivity (lamb weight per kg of ewe metabolic body weight) estimates demonstrated that the differences between breeds were small.Least-squares estimates of effects of environmental factors on lamb performance showed that type of birth and age of dam were important for lamb weights at the three ages. Season and sex also had significant effects on birth and 6-month weights respectively. Correction factors for lamb weights were derived from least-squares estimates.The correlation coefficient between birth and 3-month weight was significant in all breeds and ranged from 0·39 to 0·55. Three-month and 6-month weights were highly correlated with estimates of correlation coefficients ranging from 0·71 to 0·74. Repeatability estimates of birth, 3·month, 6·month and ewe weights, all as traits of the ewe in the Yankasa, were 0·25, 0·21, 0·09 and 0·48, respectively.

Breed and environmental factors affecting the reconception of indigenous beef cows in Botswana

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
N. G. Buck ◽  
D. Light
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Lower Fertility ◽  
Main Effects

ABSTRACTThe breeding records of 2710 lactating cows, of the Africander (1208), Tswana (542) and Tuli (960) breeds, were analysed to examine the effects of breed and environment on reconception. The reconception rate of Africander cows (0·56) was significantly lower than that of Tswana and Tuli cows (0·80 and 0·81 respectively) (P<0·01). The environmental effects of ranch, calving year, calving period and age/parity all had significant effects on reconception (P<0·01). Interactions between breed and the other main effects were all significant.The Africander is considered to be a breed of lower fertility than the other two Sanga breeds, the Tswana and Tuli, in Botswana. The results are discussed with respect to determining management interventions to improve cow reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Enviromental factors as the elements determing the development of floating homes

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Emilia MISZEWSKA ◽  
Maciej NIEDOSTATKIEWICZ ◽  
Radosław WIŚNIEWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North America ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
The Impact

The popularity of Floating Homes in Western Europe and North America is noticeable. The interest in these facilities in Poland is also constantly growing. The popularity of Floating Homes is due to climate change, rising land prices and population density in city centers. However, environmental factors play a significant role in their development. The publication presents the results of research on the impact of environmental factors on the development of Floating Homes in Poland. As part of the research, the most important environmental factors were identified and then, using the State of the Surroundings Scenarios (SSS) method, an initial scenario of their development was developed. The most probable scenario was developed, the purpose of which was to identify the most favorable factors - strengths and unfavorable factors - weaknesses responsible for the development opportunities of Floating Homes in Poland. Additionally, a surprise scenario was prepared, which indicated factors that may unexpectedly accelerate the development of Floating Homes in Poland or slow it down.

scholarly journals Performance appraisal of knowledge workers in R&D centers using gamification

2018 ◽  
pp. 196-216
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Knowledge Workers ◽  
Research Impact ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Service Industries ◽  
Structured Interviews

In the knowledge-based economy, R&D centers in service industries increasingly depend on the performance of knowledge workers to gain competitive advantage. Therefore, these centers must give careful consideration to the performance assessment and continuous improvement of knowledge workers using appropriate performance assessment systems and models. In this paper, a system was designed for the performance appraisal and ranking of knowledge workers in R&D centers of banking industry using gamification approaches. The case study method was applied for the conceptual design of the system and the selected case was the R&D center of Mellat bank, one of the Iranian leading private banks. Data collection was performed via semi-structured interviews with 12 key participants of performance appraisal process which included vice president of research and development and 11 senior researchers as head of research groups of the center. As a result of data coding process for analyzing the qualitative data, a total of 23 metrics and three key performance indicators namely, research impact factor, knowledge impact factor and knowledge absorption factor were identified for the performance appraisal of knowledge workers. The designed system in this study can be used by R&D centers in banking industry for the performance appraisal and ranking of knowledge workers. The designed system provides a comprehensive and detailed set of metrics and KPIs for the performance appraisal of knowledge workers in R&D centers of banking industry.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Gut Microbiota: Impact of Various Host and Environmental Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Haseeb Anwar ◽  
Arslan Iftikhar ◽  
Humaira Muzaffar ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Over Time

Human bodies encompass very important symbiotic and mutualistic relationships with tiny creatures known as microbiota. Trillions of these tiny creatures including protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and fungi are present in and on our bodies. They play important roles in various physiological mechanisms of our bodies. In return, our bodies provide them with the habitat and food necessary for their survival. In this review, we comprehend the gut microbial species present in various regions of the gut. We can get benefits from microbiota only if they are present in appropriate concentrations, as if their concentration is altered, it will lead to dysbiosis of microbiota which further contributes to various health ailments. The composition, diversity, and functionality of gut microbiota do not remain static throughout life as they keep on changing over time. In this review, we also reviewed the various biotic and abiotic factors influencing the quantity and quality of these microbiota. These factors serve a significant role in shaping the gut microbiota population.

Where Have All the Sages Gone?

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Roger Williamson ◽  
Stephen Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
System Design ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Design And Testing

This paper explores various mindsets or paradigms that govern how we consider environmental factors in materiel system design and testing. It particularly cautions against hidden paradigms that may restrict initiatives to increase the efficiency of the materiel acquisition cycle. It also explains paradigm shifts from producing and testing prototypes to substituting simulation for hardware where possible to save time and reduce costs. The key factor in shifting successfully from hardware to simulation is the sage advice and guidance of environmental experts whose basic knowledge of environmental effects is essential in efforts to structure information and experience into databases, models, and simulations. It is shown how the Institute of Environmental Sciences (IES) plays a key role in bringing experts together to address the Department of Defense (DoD) synthetic environment science and technology thrust.

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