scholarly journals 31.B. Workshop: Public health and urban design: an interdisciplinary approach to promote autism friendly environments

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Autism is a set of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental conditions, characterised by early-onset difficulties in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviour and interests. The worldwide population prevalence is about 1% with an increasing incidence and prevalence rates. Autism affects more male than female individuals, and comorbidity is common (>70% have concurrent conditions). Determinants of these changes in incidence and prevalence rates may also be related to exposure to environmental factors and to modifications in diagnostic concepts and criteria. In spite of the uncertainty in determinants of incidence of autisms, there is evidence that environmental characteristics play a significant role both as autism risk factors and as potential obstacles that influence the capabilities of autonomously and fully “using” everyday spaces. The workshop aims to provide a framework on risk factors of autism and explore the relationship with the built environment, focusing on the quality of the everyday spaces and projecting the effects that it could have in the long term on achieving a desirable level of quality of life. The 11th Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations “Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable” underlines the necessity of designing policies and projects acting to enhance and promote healthy cities and communities by addressing the needs of the most vulnerable groups of inhabitants. Herewith we bring together the discipline of Public Health and Urban Design to promote an interdisciplinary debate on a little explored topic investigating how the approaches adopted during childhood to promote the wellbeing of people with ASD can be related or strengthen by focusing also on built environment design intervention to pursue and reach the same objectives even during adulthood. The workshop will consist of four presentations. The first focuses on giving an overview on current knowledge of intervention for people with autism, presenting also criteria for evidence-based interventions. The second explores the relationship between autism and built environment by providing an exhaustive framework of the available research literature in order to identify a first set of spatial requirements for autism friendly cities. The third examines the impact of built environment on ASD users with the aim of developing a specific evaluation tool for healthcare spaces and best practices formulation according to the specific sensorial hypo- or hyper-activation of people with autism. Finally, the fourth reports the results of a two years Research & Development project called “GAP REDUCE” finalized at developing an Assistive Technology tool to support people with ASD, adult and high-functioning, to plan urban itineraries towards daily destinations. Key messages World's incidence of autism is about 1% with an increasing incidence whose determining rates may also be related to environmental factors and to modifications in diagnostic concepts and criteria. Environmental characteristics play a significant role also as potential obstacles that influence the capabilities of people with autism of autonomously and fully “using” everyday spaces.

The Comparison of Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 Infection between Pediatric and Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Zandi ◽  
Saber Soltani ◽  
Mona Fani ◽  
Haniye Shafipour ◽  
Samaneh Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
The World ◽  
Smoking Susceptibility ◽  
The Relationship

SARS-CoV-2 causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is responsible for the recent pandemic in the world. It has been recently recognized as a challenge for public health and a significant cause of severe illness in all age groups. Young children and older people are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, children usually present mild symptoms compared to adult patients. The relationship between age, severity, and COVID-19 transmission is compared to determine whether there is any reasonable relationship between age and COVID-19. It should be mentioned that some risk factors may increase the probability of developing severe COVID-19 by advancing age, such as pathophysiological changes in the respiratory system, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in the nasopharynx, and smoking. Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection is independent of age, but the mortality rate of COVID-19 depends on age.

scholarly journals Employee engagement and improvement as important principles of TQM in public health institutes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-201
Author(s):  
Ana-Marija Vrtodušić Hrgović ◽  
Kristina Črnjar ◽  
Ivana Škarica
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Management System ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Customer Focus ◽  
Internal Customer ◽  
The Relationship

Quality assurance in public health presents one of the key factors in the quality of health service. Accordingly, there is increasing awareness of the need to integrate quality systems and their principles into the healthcare system. Their role is important in the context of quality assurance in accordance with patient requirements as well as in the process of improving the quality of health care service. They are essential for the successful implementation of a quality management system and refer to customer focus, leadership, engagement of people, process approach, improvement, evidence–based decision making, and relationship management. This paper presents the results of a study among Croatian Institutes of Public Health with regard to the level of implementation of quality principles related to employee engagement, improvement and internal customer focus. Analysis focused on the relationship between focus on internal customer (employees) and improvements as well as the employee engagement and improvement respectively. Results show there is a strong positive relationship between employee engagement and improvements, while between internal customer focus and improvement the relationship has not been verified. In the context of standardization of quality of public health services, the paper aims to expand theoretical knowledge about TQM principles, with the emphasis on the employee engagement, internal customer focus (employees) and process improvement. The results can serve as a basis for improving the existing practice of quality management system implementation in the public health sector, with emphasis on employees.

scholarly journals Using Mendelian randomization analysis to better understand the relationship between mental health and substance use: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Jorien L. Treur ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
Emma Logtenberg ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers ◽  
Karin J. H. Verweij
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Poor mental health has consistently been associated with substance use (smoking, alcohol drinking, cannabis use, and consumption of caffeinated drinks). To properly inform public health policy it is crucial to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations, and most importantly, whether or not they are causal. Methods In this pre-registered systematic review, we assessed the evidence for causal relationships between mental health and substance use from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, following PRISMA. We rated the quality of included studies using a scoring system that incorporates important indices of quality, such as the quality of phenotype measurement, instrument strength, and use of sensitivity methods. Results Sixty-three studies were included for qualitative synthesis. The final quality rating was ‘−’ for 16 studies, ‘– +’ for 37 studies, and ‘+’for 10 studies. There was robust evidence that higher educational attainment decreases smoking and that there is a bi-directional, increasing relationship between smoking and (symptoms of) mental disorders. Another robust finding was that higher educational attainment increases alcohol use frequency, but decreases binge-drinking and alcohol use problems, and that mental disorders causally lead to more alcohol drinking without evidence for the reverse. Conclusions The current MR literature increases our understanding of the relationship between mental health and substance use. Bi-directional causal relationships are indicated, especially for smoking, providing further incentive to strengthen public health efforts to decrease substance use. Future MR studies should make use of large(r) samples in combination with detailed phenotypes, a wide range of sensitivity methods, and triangulate with other research methods.

Rethinking the relationship between socioeconomic status and health: Challenging how socioeconomic status is currently used in health inequality research

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Gagné ◽  
Adrian E. Ghenadenik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Inequality ◽  
Scandinavian Journal ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Editorial Policy ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Socioeconomic Status And Health

Aims: The Scandinavian Journal of Public Health recently reiterated the importance of addressing social justice and health inequalities in its new editorial policy announcement. One of the related challenges highlighted in that issue was the limited use of sociological theories able to inform the complexity linking the resources and mechanisms captured by the concept of socioeconomic status. This debate article argues that part of the problem lies in the often unchallenged reliance on a generic conceptualization and operationalization of socioeconomic status. These practices hinder researchers’ capacity to examine in finer detail how resources and circumstances promote the unequal distribution of health through distinct yet intertwined pathways. As a potential way forward, this commentary explores how research practices can be challenged through concrete publication policies and guidelines. To this end, we propose a set of recommendations as a tool to strengthen the study of socioeconomic status and, ultimately, the quality of health inequality research. Conclusions: Authors, reviewers, and editors can become champions of change toward the implementation of sociological theory by holding higher standards regarding the conceptualization, operationalization, analysis, and interpretation of results in health inequality research.

scholarly journals Depression and Compliance of Fe Tablet Consumption are Combined Risk Factors for Pregnant Women Constipation at Public Health Center Pedurenan, Tangerang City

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Putri Ayu Anjani ◽  
Khairizka Citra Palupi ◽  
Mertien Sa’pang ◽  
Dudung Angkasa ◽  
Vitria Melani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Relationship

Constipation marked by feces hard one, dry, and difficult issued. About 73.9% pregnant women experience constipation. Increase in the hormone progesterone for pregnant women resulted in drop motility gastrointestinal tract. Constipation affects psychology and causes swelling of the rectum area.To determine the relationship between the level of fiber adequacy, to consumption of Fe tablets and depression and to see the combined risk factors for depression and adherence to consumption of Fe tablets with the incidence of constipation in pregnant women. Design this research is observational analytics with Cross Sectional design. The sample of pregnant women is 55 people with purposive sampling data collection technique. Taking data done with use questionnaire. Statistic test used the chi-square test. 58.2% of pregnant women experienced constipation; 92.7% insufficient fiber sufficiency level; 40.0% adhered to consuming Fe tablets; 55.4% experienced depression; 23.6% of depression was adherent. The results of the chi-square test showed that there was no significant relationship between the level of fiber adequacy and the incidence of constipation in pregnant women (p = 0.298) and a significant relationship with the incidence of constipation in pregnant women, namely consuming Fe tablets (p = 0.039; OR = 4.080), depression (p = 0.026; OR = 4.125), risk factors for the combination of depression and adherence to consumption of Fe tablets (p = 0.005).Compliance with Fe tablet consumption and depression can increase the risk of constipation in pregnant women by 4,080 times and 4,125 times.

scholarly journals The quality of close relationships in adulthood: the role of sociodemographic and environmental factors

TIMS Acta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Nikolina Kuruzović
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Parental Marital Status ◽  
The Relationship

In order to better understand the phenomenon of the quality of different types of close relationships of adults, we have investigated several determinants which define them more clearly. We focused on the relational differences of the respondents according to several sociodemographic (age, gender, employment, marital status and children) and environmental factors (structure and relationships in the family). A total of 400 males and females, ranging from 19 to 51 years, completed a general questionnaire. It collected the data related to sociodemographic and environmental characteristics, as well as the Social Relations Network Inventory (NRI), which assessed the quality of five types of close relationships. The results indicate significant differences between the respondents in the quality of individual close relationships, based on the factors of age, gender, employment, marital status and parenthood, as well as according to the factors of the quality of family relations and parental marital status. The identified differences are particularly pronounced in terms of the quality of the relationship with the mother and the quality of the relationship with the friend, which is explained by the characteristic nature of these relationships, as well as the developmental roles and tasks of the adulthood.

scholarly journals The Presence of Absence. Longing and Nostalgia in Post-Soviet Art and Literature

2015 ◽  
pp. 149-165
Author(s):  
Irina Marchesini
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Trauma Studies ◽  
Soviet Art ◽  
Visual Composition ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores the phenomenon of nostalgia for the Soviet era found in contemporary Russian society and manifested both in contemporary art, such as in the installations of Il'ja Kabakov, Sergej Volkov, and Jevgenij Fiks, and in modern literature, especially in the prose of Andrej Astvacaturov. Such regret for a bygone past primarily mourns not the apparatus of the Soviet state, but the routine and the quality of familiar daily life. Insights from the fields of visual studies and trauma studies undergird this exploration of the relationship between a work of art's visual composition and its representation of toska, memory, and material culture in the Soviet era. By juxtaposing artwork with literary prose, we reveal the significant role had by 'reflective' toska-nostalgia (as defined by Svetlana Boym, 2001) in the formation of post-Soviet identity.

scholarly journals CORRELATION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX IN EAST JAVA IN 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Nadiyah Firdaus ◽  
Airil Haimi Mohd Adnan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Development Index ◽  
The Relationship

Public health is influenced by environmental factors. The success of public health development can be seen from the Human Development Index (HDI). This research aims to analyze the relationship between environmental factors and the HDI in East Java in 2019. This research analyzed secondary data obtained from the East Java Provincial Health Office and published on the website of the Central Bureau of Statistics. Health Profile data in 2018 and the Human Development Index data in 2019 were used. This study used total sampling and selected all districts/cities in East Java (38 districts/cities). The Shapiro Wilk test (a sample of less than 50) was chosen to analyze the normality of the data and a Pearson correlation test was conducted to investigate the relationship between each variable. Based on our Pearson correlation analysis, we found several relationships between each variable. This study found that there is a relationship between access to decent drinking water and the HDI, as well as qualified latrines with the HDI, both with p-values of 0.000. Relationships were also found for healthy homes with the HDI with the p-value of 0.004, as well as qualified public places with the HDI with the p-value of 0.003. Finally, we found that there was no relationship between decent drinking water quality the HDI with a p-value of 0.821.

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