The concentration of oxygen and its depletion in bovine red clover-boluses

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
MRF Lee ◽  
FR Minchin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation

The enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO) may be responsible for increases in both dietary-nitrogen utilisation and the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in ruminant products when animals eat red clover (Lee et al., 2004). The enzymatic reaction requires the presence of oxygen and therefore is assumed to be inhibited in the anaerobic rumen. However, no information exists as to the concentration of oxygen in red clover-boluses and whether this could sustain the aerobic enzyme’s activity in the reticulo-rumen. This study investigated the concentration of oxygen in red clover-boluses measured in vitro or in vivo in the rumen of two rumen-fistulated cows.

scholarly journals n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids abrogate mTORC1/2 signaling and inhibit adrenocortical carcinoma growth in vitro and in vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 3514-3522 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUN LIU ◽  
MEINIAN XU ◽  
YONGBIN ZHAO ◽  
CHUNPING AO ◽  
YUKUN WU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Adrenocortical Carcinoma

scholarly journals Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Production of Prostaglandin E2and Nitric Oxide during Experimental Murine Paracoccidioidomycosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Sargi ◽  
M. M. O. Dalalio ◽  
A. G. Moraes ◽  
J. E. L. Visentainer ◽  
D. R. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis

There has recently been increased interest in the potential health effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the immune system. Paracoccidioidomycosis is the most important endemic mycosis in Latin America. Macrophages have a fundamental role and act as first line of organism defense. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of n-3 fatty acids on the production of PGE2and NO by mice infected with Pb18 and fed a diet enriched with LNA for 8 weeks. To study the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on macrophage activity during experimental paracoccidioidomycosis, mice were infected with Pb18 and fed a diet supplemented with LNA. PGE2in the serum of animals was analyzed and NO in the supernatants of macrophages cultured and challengedin vitrowith Pb18 was measured. Omega-3 fatty acids seemed to decrease the production of PGE2in vivoin the infected group fed an LNA-supplemented diet during the 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment. At the same time, we observed an increase in synthesis of NO by peritoneal macrophages in this group. Omega-3 fatty acids thus appear to have an immunomodulatory effect in paracoccidioidomycosis.

scholarly journals Supplemental N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Limit A1-Specific Astrocyte Polarization via Attenuating Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ischemic Stroke in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jun Cao ◽  
Lijun Dong ◽  
Jialiang Luo ◽  
Fanning Zeng ◽  
Zexuan Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Neuron Death ◽  
The Impact

Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability for adults, which lacks effective treatments. Dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exerts beneficial effects on ischemic stroke by attenuating neuron death and inflammation induced by microglial activation. However, the impact and mechanism of n-3 PUFAs on astrocyte function during stroke have not yet been well investigated. Our current study found that dietary n-3 PUFAs decreased the infarction volume and improved the neurofunction in the mice model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Notably, n-3 PUFAs reduced the stroke-induced A1 astrocyte polarization both in vivo and in vitro. We have demonstrated that exogenous n-3 PUFAs attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress and increased the mitophagy of astrocytes in the condition of hypoxia. Furthermore, we provided evidence that treatment with the mitochondrial-derived antioxidant, mito-TEMPO, abrogated the n-3 PUFA-mediated regulation of A1 astrocyte polarization upon hypoxia treatment. Together, this study highlighted that n-3 PUFAs prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, thereby limiting A1-specific astrocyte polarization and subsequently improving the neurological outcomes of mice with ischemic stroke.

Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on diphenyl hydantoin-induced genetic damage in vitro and in vivo

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Ponnala ◽  
Kaipa P. Rao ◽  
Jaideep R. Chaudhury ◽  
Jaleel Ahmed ◽  
B. Rama Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Damage

scholarly journals n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Impede the TCR Mobility and the TCR–pMHC Interaction of Anti-Viral CD8+ T Cells

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghyun Lim ◽  
Seyoung Kim ◽  
Sehoon Kim ◽  
Dong-In Kim ◽  
Kyung Won Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
In Vivo Models

The immune-suppressive effects of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on T cells have been observed via multiple in vitro and in vivo models. However, the precise mechanism that causes these effects is still undefined. In this study, we investigated whether n-3 PUFAs regulated T cell receptor (TCR) and peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) interactions. The expansion of anti-viral CD8+ T cells that endogenously synthesize n-3 PUFAs (FAT-1) dramatically decreased upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection in vivo. This decrease was not caused by the considerable reduction of TCR expression or the impaired chemotactic activity of T cells. Interestingly, a highly inclined and laminated optical sheet (HILO) microscopic analysis revealed that the TCR motility was notably reduced on the surface of the FAT-1 CD8+ T cells compared to the wild type (WT) CD8+ T cells. Importantly, the adhesion strength of the FAT-1 CD8+ T cells to the peptide-MHC was significantly lower than that of the WT CD8+T cells. Consistent with this result, treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), one type of n-3 PUFA, significantly decreased CD8+ T cell adhesion to the pMHC. Collectively, our results reveal a novel mechanism through which n-3 PUFAs decrease TCR-pMHC interactions by modulating TCR mobility on CD8+ T cell surfaces.

scholarly journals ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids accelerate airway repair by activating FFA4 in club cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 312 (6) ◽  
pp. L835-L844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Pil Lee ◽  
Soo-Jin Park ◽  
Saeromi Kang ◽  
Jung-Min Koh ◽  
Koichi Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Airway Injury ◽  
Club Cells ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Lung Health

A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) named free fatty acid receptor 4 (FFA4, also known as GPR120) was found to act as a GPCR for ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Its expression has been reported in lung epithelial club cells. We investigated whether supplementation of the ω-3 fatty acids benefits lung health. Omacor (7.75 mg/kg), clinically prescribed preparation of ω-3 fatty acids, and FFA4-knockout mice were utilized in a naphthalene-induced mouse model of acute airway injury (1 injection of 30 mg/kg ip). Naphthalene injection induced complete destruction of bronchiolar epithelial cells within a day. Appearance of bronchiolar epithelial cells was observed after 21 days in control mice. It was found, however, that supplementation of Omacor accelerated the recovery. The appearance of bronchiolar epithelial cells was observed between 7 and 14 days after naphthalene injury in Omacor-treated mice. In isolated club cells, ω-3 fatty acids were found to stimulate cell proliferation and migration but to inhibit cell differentiation. With the use of pharmacological tools and FFA4-knockout mice, FFA4 was found to be responsible for ω-3 fatty acids-induced proliferation in vitro in club cells. Furthermore, accelerated recovery from naphthalene-induced airway injury in Omacor-treated mice was not observed in FFA4-knockout mice in vivo. Present findings indicate that ω-3 fatty acids-induced proliferation of bronchiole epithelial cells through FFA4 is responsible for Omacor-induced accelerated recovery from airway injury. Therefore, intermittent administration of Omacor needs to be tested for acute airway injury because ω-3 fatty acids stimulate proliferation but inhibit differentiation of club cells.

Plasmalogens: targets for oxidants and major lipophilic antioxidants

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Engelmann
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Peroxyl Radicals ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Future Work

Cellular membranes and plasma lipoproteins are less efficiently protected against oxidative stress than the various aqueous compartments of mammalian organisms. Here, previous results on the role of plasmalogens in lipid oxidation are evaluated on the basis of criteria required for an antioxidant. The plasmalogen-specific enol ether double bond is targeted by a vast variety of oxidants, including peroxyl radicals, metal ions, singlet oxygen and halogenating species. Oxidation of the vinyl ether markedly prevents the oxidation of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids, and products of plasmalogen degradation do not propagate lipid oxidation. This protection is also demonstrated intramolecularly, thus ascertaining the function of plasmalogens as a major storage pool for polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although cells rapidly incorporate and synthesize plasmalogens de novo, their plasmalogen contents can be deliberately increased by supplementation with precursors. Thus plasmalogens terminate lipid-oxidation processes, are present in adequate locations at sufficient concentrations, and are rapidly regenerated, classifying them as efficient antioxidants in vitro. Future work should address the in vivo role of plasmalogens in lipid oxidation and the biological function of plasmalogen interactions with oxidants.

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