Using Perceptual Control Theory and the Method of Levels to work with people who experience psychosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara J. Tai
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Perceptual Control Theory ◽  
Perceptual Control ◽  
Potential Benefits

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of perceptual control theory (PCT) in relation to understanding severe and enduring mental health problems. The core principles of control and conflict are reviewed in relation to understanding the experiences associated with psychotic disorders. The therapeutic application of PCT known as the Method of Levels (MOL) is described and an overview of how this might be a useful approach to use with people experiencing psychosis is provided. The benefits and difficulties of using MOL to work with people experiencing psychosis are described including case illustrations of preliminary work based on the application of MOL in clinical practice. It is concluded that PCT is a useful framework for understanding severe and enduring mental health problems and there are potential benefits in using MOL as a therapeutic intervention. Further research examining the effectiveness and feasibility of MOL as a specific treatment for psychosis is recommended.

A longitudinal analysis of a work inclusion model for psychiatric patients in the Mental Health Departments of the city of Milan

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110429
Author(s):  
Luca Ferrara ◽  
Alberto Varinelli ◽  
Valentina Caricasole ◽  
Chiara Dragoni ◽  
Sonia Mazzardis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The City

Background: Work functioning impairment is a key diagnostic and transnosographic criterion for psychiatric disorders in both DSM-5 and ICD-11. Occupational inclusion is a fundamental aspect of the care path for patients attending the territorial services provided by the Italian Mental Health and Addiction Departments (DSMDs). Since 2009, the Regional Innovative Programme (PIR) TR106, promoted by the Fatebenefratelli-Sacco hospital of Milan, Italy, in collaboration with six other metropolitan DSMDs, was created to promote integration for people suffering from mental health problems in the city of Milan. Method: Here we present the results of a retrospective epidemiologic analysis on 2,142 interventions on 1,066 patients, conducted between 2012 and 2019. Results: Most of the interventions were conducted with people with psychotic disorders (39%), followed by personality disorders (25.2%) and affective disorders (22.2%). The age range of 25 to 54 years represented 91.5% of the whole sample, mainly in the 35 to 44 years range (36.4%). Significant age group-related changes in interventions were observed in the observation period, with a reduction in the interventions provided to subjects of the 35 to 44 age group, and an increase in the 25 to 34 age group. Conclusions: PIR TR106 provided the most accurate assessment and data collection so far for the city of Milan. Our data characterised psychiatric groups in order to develop specific treatment plans and work inclusion interventions.

Cyber-victimisation and mental health in young people: a co-twin control study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jessie R. Baldwin ◽  
Ziada Ayorech ◽  
Fruhling V. Rijsdijk ◽  
Tabea Schoeler ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Pingault
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Monozygotic Twins ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The rise of social media use in young people has sparked concern about the impact of cyber-victimisation on mental health. Although cyber-victimisation is associated with mental health problems, it is not known whether such associations reflect genetic and environmental confounding. Methods We used the co-twin control design to test the direct association between cyber-victimisation and multiple domains of mental health in young people. Participants were 7708 twins drawn from the Twins Early Development Study, a UK-based population cohort followed from birth to age 22. Results Monozygotic twins exposed to greater levels of cyber-victimisation had more symptoms of internalising, externalising and psychotic disorders than their less victimised co-twins at age 22, even after accounting for face-to-face peer victimisation and prior mental health. However, effect sizes from the most stringent monozygotic co-twin control analyses were decreased by two thirds from associations at the individual level [pooled β across all mental health problems = 0.06 (95% CI 0.03–0.10) v. 0.17 (95% CI 0.15–0.19) in individual-level analyses]. Conclusions Cyber-victimisation has a small direct association with multiple mental health problems in young people. However, a large part of the association between cyber-victimisation and mental health is due to pre-existing genetic and environmental vulnerabilities and co-occurring face-to-face victimisation. Therefore, preventative interventions should target cyber-victimisation in conjunction with pre-existing mental health vulnerabilities and other forms of victimisation.

scholarly journals Dementia: towards a perceptual control theory perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil McEvoy ◽  
John Eden ◽  
Lydia Morris ◽  
Warren Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Emotional Distress ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychosocial Experiences ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Perceptual Control Theory ◽  
Perceptual Control ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Conceptual Paper

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the psychosocial experiences of people living with dementia using a perceptual control theory (PCT) perspective. Design/methodology/approach Conceptual paper. Findings The paper suggests that people with dementia may control their perceptions by using four modes of control: control, automatic, passive observation and imagination. Research limitations/implications The paper highlights how a perceived sense of “too little” or “too much” control can create psychological and emotional distress, as people with dementia seek to respond to the changing contextual circumstances of their lives. However, more work needs to be done to develop specific PCT informed strategies that may serve the goal of helping people who are living with dementia to maximise their functioning and alleviate their distress. Originality/value The potential benefits of adopting a PCT perspective to understand the experiences of people living with dementia have only been explored in a relatively superficial way. This paper is a first attempt to develop a more considered analysis.

scholarly journals How do we help people regain control over their lives? An introduction to method of levels therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Jakub Grzegrzółka ◽  
◽  
Warren Mansell ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Theory ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychotherapy Research ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Perceptual Control Theory ◽  
Perceptual Control ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Common Factors In Psychotherapy

There are many different approaches to psychotherapy. Research indicates comparable effectiveness of various therapies, despite having different theoretical assumptions and using different therapeutic methods. In recent years, many researchers have attempted to understand such results by investigating specific and common factors in psychotherapy. It has been suggested that further developments in the field should aim to investigate factors underlying mental health problems and the principles informing the process of change in psychotherapy. In the current article, we will present perceptual control theory as a scientifically grounded approach that integrates theory and practice. Transdiagnostic principles explain the sources of emotional distress and the process of psychological change in psychotherapy. The main aim of the article is to introduce method of levels therapy, which has been created as a direct application of perceptual control theory principles. Description of the process of therapy is accompanied by clinical examples.

Mental Health Problems of Children: Analysis of a Cumulative Psychiatric Case Register

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 781-790
Author(s):  
Klaus J. Roghmann ◽  
Thomas R. Zastowny ◽  
Haroutun M. Babigian
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Length Of Treatment ◽  
Episodes Of Care

The advent of community mental health centers has brought a marked increase in treatment of mental health problems of children, especially for minorities. The number of children receiving care and the prevalence and the utilization rates by age, sex, and race from 1960 to 1977 in a large metropolitan county in upstate New York have been described previously. For the same time and community, the episodes of care by diagnostic grouping, type and length of treatment, and health status at the end of an episode have now been examined. An increase in treatment occurred in two areas: situational disorders and behavioral disorders. The number of treatments for psychotic, neurotic, and personality disorders remained stable. Affective and psychotic disorders emerged as qualitatively unique problems which often required multiple treatments and predicted high adult utilization. The average length of treatment for all episodes was 110 days. One third of the treatment episodes were associated with an improved health status. Most contacts were for first episodes, but a few patients had an extraordinarily large number of treatment episodes. A comparison with mental health problems seen in pediatric practice is presented.

Changing Demand for Mental Health Services in the Emergency Department of a Public Hospital

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Kalucy ◽  
Lyndall Thomas ◽  
Diane King
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Number Of Patients

Objective: Deinstitutionalization and mainstreaming may have contributed to increased attendance in public emergency departments by people with mental health problems. This study describes changing patterns of attendances by patients with mental health problems to the emergency department (ED) of a public teaching hospital in Adelaide, South Australia. Method: Records from a 10-year period from the ED were examined to identify changes in the number of, and diagnoses for, patients attending for primarily mental health concerns. Admission rates, detention and length of stay (LOS) were also examined in an attempt to identify trends. Results: A tenfold increase in the number of patients attending the ED with primarily mental health problems has occurred over the 10-year period. This is within the context of relatively stable total ED presentations. The increase has been observed in all diagnostic categories although the greatest increase, by percentage, has been for psychotic disorders. A lesser increase was observed for patients presenting with overdose. People presenting with psychotic disorders are also more likely to be detained and admitted. LOS in the ED has also increased along with increasing demand. Conclusions: Reasons for the increased demand are likely multifactorial. While deinstitutionalization and mainstreaming have contributed, the closure of the ED at the local psychiatric hospital does not account entirely for the change. Insufficient community-based mental health services may also contribute to the reasons why people present to the ED and lack of inpatient beds contributes to the increasing LOS experienced in the ED.

Fetal growth and subsequent mental health problems in children aged 4 to 13 years

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R Zubrick ◽  
Jennifer J Kurinczuk ◽  
Brett M C McDermott ◽  
Robert S McKelvey ◽  
Sven R Silburn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems

Mental Health Among Adolescents from Returned Portuguese Immigrant Families

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Félix Neto
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Portuguese Adolescents

This study investigated mental health problems and their predictors among adolescents from returned immigrant families. The sample consisted of 360 returned adolescents (mean age = 16.8 years; SD = 1.9). The mean duration of a sojourn in Portugal for the sample was 8.2 years (SD = 4.5). A control group of 217 Portuguese youths were also included in the study. Adolescents from immigrant families reported mental health levels similar to those of Portuguese adolescents who have never migrated. Girls showed more mental health problems than boys. Younger adolescents showed fewer mental health problems than older adolescents. Adaptation variables contributed to mental health outcomes even after acculturation variables were accounted for. Implications of the study for counselors are discussed.

Physical and Psychological Benefits of Written Emotional Expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Expressive Writing ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract. The last several decades have witnessed a substantial increase in the number of individuals suffering from both diagnosable and subsyndromal mental health problems. Consequently, the development of cost-effective treatment methods, accessible to large populations suffering from different forms of mental health problems, became imperative. A very promising intervention is the method of expressive writing (EW), which may be used in both clinically diagnosable cases and subthreshold symptomatology. This method, in which people express their feelings and thoughts related to stressful situations in writing, has been found to improve participants’ long-term psychological, physiological, behavioral, and social functioning. Based on a thorough analysis and synthesis of the published literature (also including most recent meta-analyses), the present paper presents the expressive writing method, its short- and long-term, intra-and interpersonal effects, different situations and conditions in which it has been proven to be effective, the most important mechanisms implied in the process of recovery, advantages, disadvantages, and possible pitfalls of the method, as well as variants of the original technique and future research directions.

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