Who's In and Who's Out: The Politics of Religious Norms

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F. Karpowitz ◽  
J. Quin Monson ◽  
Kelly D. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Democrats And Republicans

AbstractWhat are the boundaries for discussing a candidate's religion? In the 2008 and the 2012 presidential campaigns, the religious beliefs and practices of at least one of the candidates became a subject of intense scrutiny from the media and the public. To ascertain the limits of social discourse for religious out-group, we conducted a survey experiment on the 2012 CCES survey. We find strong evidence that norms of social discourse do not apply to all religions equally. Furthermore, the application of norms differs by political party because Democrats and Republicans express concerns about different religious groups. Overall, there is a large difference for Muslims when it comes to social discourse. Finally, individuals have internalized the norms because most of them are willing to sanction those who violate them, even if the norms on social discourse are not applied equally among American voters.

scholarly journals Review: Useful but flawed survey of media role in bleak political landscape

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Philip Cass
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Party Membership ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Media

Review of: Politics and the Media, edited by Babak Bahador, Geoff Kemp, Kate McMillan and Chris Rudd. Auckland: Pearson, 2013. ISBN 978144255826A generaton after the capitalist roaders took over the New Zealand Labour Party, the country’s political landscape is bleak. As described in this new book, it is one in which no political party is interested in any ideology except staying in power, no party will do anything that might offend a focus group, PR hacks control policy, political party membership has all but disappeared, the public is almost totally disengaged and most of the media has neither the time, the skill nor the inclination to cover politics.

scholarly journals PRIVATE ISSUES IN PESAT IN LATE COLONIAL JAVA

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutiah Amini
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Private Space ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Newspaper ◽  
The Media

<p>Pesat was a local newspaper in Semarang published in the 1940s during the late colonial era. The establishment of Pesat could not be separated from the couple of I.M. Sajoeti and S.K. Trimurti, the owners of the newspaper, who were best-known as activitists of Political Party and senior journalists in Semarang at that time. As a local newspaper, the content of this publication differed considerably from the other local newspaper which mostly focused on news and advertisements. Pesat continuously published some information that had not been addressed by the media anywhere before. Pesat published transparently on the problems of family life and household. In particular, Pesat pointed the problems of marriage which placed women in domestic area in which they were not permitted to speak about the problems they were facing to other people in the public domain. This meant that a matter concerning the life of household which was previously considered private space was now published as news available to newspaper readers.</p> <p>Keywords: Pesat, private, colonial, Semarang, Java.</p> <p> </p> <p>Pesat adalah sebuah koran lokal di Semarang yang diterbitkan pada 1940-an selama era kolonial akhir. Pembentukan Pesat tak lepas dari pasangan IM Sajoeti dan SK Trimurti, pemilik surat kabar, yang dikenal sebagai aktifis Partai Politik dan wartawan senior di Semarang pada waktu itu. Sebagai koran lokal, isi dari publikasi ini berbeda jauh dari koran lokal lainnya yang berfokus pada berita dan iklan. Pesat terus menerbitkan beberapa informasi yang belum ditangani oleh media manapun sebelumnya. Dalam publikasi mereka, Pesat dipublikasikan secara transparan pada kehidupan masalah keluarga dalam rumah tangga. Secara khusus, diangkat masalah seputar pernikahan yang menempatkan perempuan dalam ruang domestik dan perempuan tidak diperbolehkan untuk berbicara tentang masalah yang mereka hadapi kepada orang lain dalam domain publik. Ini berarti bahwa masalah yang berkenaan dengan kehidupan rumah tangga yang sebelumnya dianggap ruang pribadi yang ada di luar keluarga diizinkan untuk tahu tentang itu sekarang telah diterbitkan sebagai berita tersedia bagi pembaca surat kabar.</p> <p>Kata kunci: Pesat, pribadi, kolonial, Semarang, Jawa.</p> <p> </p>

scholarly journals Logarithmic vs. Linear Visualizations of COVID-19 Cases Do Not Affect Citizens’ Support for Confinement

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Sevi ◽  
Marco Mendoza Aviña ◽  
Gabrielle Péloquin-Skulski ◽  
Emmanuel Heisbourg ◽  
Paola Vegas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Visual Design ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Linear Scale ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media

In public health crises, the media and governments routinely share statistical analyses with the public. In the COVID-19 pandemic, the tool most commonly used to convey statistical information about the spread of the virus has been time-series graphs about the cumulative number of cases. When drawing such graphs, analysts have to make design decisions which can have dramatic effects on citizens’ interpretations. Plotting the COVID-19 progression on a linear scale highlights an exponential “explosion” in the number of cases, whereas plotting the number of cases on a logarithmic scale produces a line with a modest-looking slope. Even if the two graphs display the exact same information, differences in visual design may lead people to different substantive conclusions. In this study, we measure the causal effect of different visualization design choices on Canadians’ views about the crisis. We report results from a survey experiment conducted in April 2020 with a sample of 2500 respondents. We find that no matter how the information is presented, Canadians are united in supporting drastic confinement measures and in accepting that these measures will not be removed soon.

Performing Clandestinity: The Religious Underground, the Secret Police and the Media in Communist Eastern Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
James A. Kapaló
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Secret Police ◽  
The Public ◽  
Creative Agency ◽  
Public Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
The Cold War

The Cold War was frequently cast in the West as a religious war, a conflict between Christianity and atheism of the Marxist-materialist kind. Propaganda narratives produced by the opposing sides pitted faith against godlessness or science and progress against superstition and exploitation. The religious underground, which was at the centre of much of this propaganda activity, had both a metaphorical and literal meaning. With the opening of the secret police archives in the region, scholars of religions have been presented with important new sources to understand the relationship between anti-religious propaganda, western projections of religious life under communism and the actual clandestine practices of underground religious groups. Whilst the textual materials found in the archives have been the primary focus of attention for both historians and transitional justice projects, the search for ‘truths’ about the past has largely overlooked the visual and material traces of religion produced by and about religious groups. In this article, I explore the complex intersection of the religious underground and the secret police and how this was reflected in the public media and film during communism. Through an exploration of photographic and filmic representations of religious clandestinity produced by or with the help of the secret police, this article illustrates how such imagery, despite its complicity in the construction of a certain image of the religious underground, nevertheless also reveals aspects of the lived reality, creativity and agency of underground communities. This research is based on the findings of the European Research Council Project, Creative Agency and Religious Minorities: Hidden Galleries in the Secret Police Archives in Central and Eastern Europe (project no. 677355).

scholarly journals Modele polskiej polityki pamięci. Obrazy wojny o Lwów w listopadzie 1918 roku w polskich periodykach polityczno-społecznych w miesiącu stulecia niepodległości Polski

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-131
Author(s):  
Tomasz Stryjek
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
Leftist Group ◽  
Historical Issues

This article contains a comparative analysis of presentations in selected Polish periodicals in November 2018 of the war between Poland and the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic over Lviv and Eastern Galicia in the years 1918–1919. In an analysis of the media discourse the author takes into account factographic, axiological, teleological, ideological, and political dimensions. He distinguishes five conventions for the presentation of the events: national-dramatic, national-heroic, martyrological-defamatory, tragic, and tragi-comical. He argues that not all have been represented in the different models of memory policy functioning in the public debate in Poland under the governments of the Law and Justice party (2015–2019). He considers that there have been four such models: the nationalist-Catholic, conservative-nationalist, universalist-patriotic, and self-critical. He argues that the rightist political party (Law and Justice) has long aligned itself with the conservative-nationalist model, while centrist groups, and especially the leftist group, do not attach great importance to memory policy. The author points to the danger resulting from neglect of historical issues in the Polish media.

scholarly journals Blaming the victim: Representation the victim of rape in M.F.A film

INFORMASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Titik Indriyana ◽  
Choirul Ulil Albab
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Radical Feminism ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Law ◽  
Research Show

The media in representing rape victims is still gender biased, such as blaming the victim. This study aims to find out how female victims of rape are shown in the M.F.A film by using semiotics to analyze the structure and ideology contained in the text. The theory used by researchers to analyze texts (M.F.A.) is the concept of radical feminism. The results of the research show in the M.F.A. film, women are shown as sexual objects of men. Women are represented as having to accept anything, including their fate when raped by men. They are not given the strength to resist and only accept it. Even in the eyes of the public and the law, women who are rape victims are still weak and are actually cornered (Blaming the Victim). Reports of rape are considered fabricated and have no strong evidence. In the film M.F.A. women who demanded their rights were silenced, by patriarchal ideologies. What's worse is the silence of a woman, because they have been hegemony in patriarchal ideologyMedia dalam merepresentasikan korban perkosaanmasih bias gender. Bahkan menyalahkan korban (Blaming The Victim). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perempuan korban perkosaan ditampilkan dalam film M.F.A dengan menggunakan semiotika untuk menganalisis struktur dan ideologi yang terdapat di dalam teks. Konsep yang digunakan peneliti untuk menganalisis teks (Film M.F.A.) adalah feminisme radikal. Feminis radikal berpendapat, perempuan harus memiliki kendali atas tubuh mereka.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam Film M.F.A., perempuan diperlihatkan sebagai objek seksual dari laki-laki. Perempuan direpresentasikan harus menerima apapun, termasuk nasibnya ketika diperkosa oleh laki-laki. Mereka tidak diberikan kekuatan untuk melawan dan hanya menerimanya. Di mata masyarakat dan hukum pun, perempuan korban perkosaan masih lemah dan justru disudutkan (Blaming the Victim). Laporan mengenai perkosaan dianggap mengada-ada dan tidak memiliki bukti yang kuat. Dalam Film M.F.A. perempuan yang menuntut hak-haknya dibungkam, oleh ideologi-ideologi patriarki. Yang lebih parah lagi adalah yang membungkam juga seorang perempuan, karena mereka telah terhegemoni ideologi patriarki.

scholarly journals ON THE ATTITUDE TO CONDUCTING THEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 284-393
Author(s):  
Pavel F. Sirotkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Steady Increase ◽  
Religious Organization ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Religious Literature ◽  
High Demand ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Formal Status

The development of modern religious practices, growing diversity of these practices, and also some liberalization of legislation on the registration of religious organizations will serve as a trigger for the transition of religious groups that previously operated informally to the public sphere. All these factors open the door for many of these groups to obtain religious organization formal status. On the other hand, the emergence of eclectic teachings, which often include elements of scientific, commercial, environmental, and other concepts, also provides the basis for conducting theological analysis. These social processes allow us to forecast the further steady increase in the number of appeals of the state bodies to expert councils to determine the religious component in the activities of a particular social group. In the last few years, there were banned the religious organization of Jehovah’s Witnesses, some neo-pagan and Islam-oriented organizations, some pseudo-scientific cults, including Revelation of the New Century. These bans, as well as the decisions concerning judicial examination of some religious literature content (Bhagavad Gita and E. Kuliev’s translations of the Quran), indicate high demand for theological examination at present. However, the ambiguity of the society’s perception of some court decisions made based on theological examination and periodically criticized in the media quality of training for specialists involved in the process of theological examination make an additional analysis of regarding functioning of this institution, as well as decisions made following the results of theological examination, ever more urgent.

scholarly journals (In)TolerânciaReligiosa na Antiguidade Tardia: Apontamentos Históricos

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
José Mário Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Augustine Of Hippo ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
Religious Issues

Resumo: Este artigo pretende apontar os caminhos e descaminhos da tolerância e da intolerância religiosa no período denominado de Antiguidade Tardia, considerando, em especial, o trato do Império Romano em relação ao Cristianismo e a atitude deste último em relação aos demais grupos religiosos. Divide-se em quatro partes: na primeira, procura-se conceituar os termos tolerância e intolerância e sua pertinência para o período histórico em questão, procurando diferenciá-lo do seu uso na modernidade e na contemporaneidade; na segunda, apresenta-se a maneira como o Império Romano lidava com as questões religiosas, particularmente com o Cristianismo, levando em consideração o papel que a religião desempenhava na ordem política e social romana; na terceira, discute-se a postura cristã para com outras crenças e práticas religiosas, desde as suas origens até o período agostiniano; finalmente, na quarta parte, apresenta-se a contribuição de Agostinho de Hipona na consolidação da intolerância cristã em relação aos credos divergentes. Palavras-chave: Tolerância. Intolerância. Cristianismo. Antiguidade Tardia. Abstract: This paper highlights the ways assumed by tolerance and religious intolerance in the period known as Late Antiquity. It considers the treatment of the Roman Empire to the Christianity and the attitude of the latter to other religious groups, and has four parts. Firstly, it conceptualizes tolerance and intolerance and their relevance to the historical period in question, seeking to differentiate it from its use in modern and contemporary period. Secondly, it shows the way the Roman Empire dealt with religious issues, particularly Christianity, taking into account the role that religion played in Roman political and social order. Thirdly, it discusses the Christian attitude towards other religious beliefs and practices, since its origins until the Augustinian period. Finally, it presents the contribution of Augustine of Hippo to the consolidation of Christian intolerance towards divergent faiths. Keywords: Tolerance. Intolerance. Christianity. Late Antiquity.

Can Celebrities Set the Agenda?

2019 ◽  
pp. 106591291986953
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Nownes
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Agenda ◽  
Speaking Out ◽  
Public Agenda ◽  
The Media

Why do some issues make it on to the public agenda while others do not? While this question has received a great deal of research attention, a definitive answer remains elusive. In this paper, I conduct a posttest only, control group survey experiment to test the hypothesis that popular celebrities can increase the chances that an issue jumps from the media agenda to the public agenda by speaking out publicly about the importance of the issue. My results confirm the hypothesis. By “spotlighting” certain issues, popular celebrities can indeed affect which issues reach the public agenda.

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