Effects of early low-level lead exposure on human brain structure, organization and functions

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Cecil
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
The Brain

Advanced neuroimaging techniques offer unique insights into how childhood lead exposure impacts the brain. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging affords anatomical information about the size of global, regional and subcomponent structures within the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging provides information about white matter architecture by quantitatively describing how water molecules diffuse within it. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy generates quantitative measures of neuronal, axonal and glial elements via concentration levels of select metabolites. Functional magnetic resonance imaging infers neuronal activity associated with a given task performed. Employing these techniques in the study of the Cincinnati Lead Study, a relatively homogeneous birth cohort longitudinally monitored for over 30 years, one can non-invasively and quantitatively explore how childhood lead exposure is associated with adult brain structure, organization and function. These studies yield important findings how environmental lead exposure impacts human health.

Brain Imaging

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack M. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
The Brain

The blood–brain barrier vigorously limits what can get into and out of the brain, making our ability to understand brain function much more difficult than with any other organ in the body. The modern era of brain imaging began about a half-century ago with the introduction of computed axial tomography (CAT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although CAT scanning shows brain structure in great detail and revolutionized the precision of medical diagnosis, including of brain disorders, it has had relatively little impact on psychiatry because most psychiatric illnesses do not involve visible abnormalities of the size, shape, or volume of brain structures. Similarly, although we have gained some insights from structural MRI, it primarily shows us the anatomy of the brain. Three other variants of MRI, however, have been extremely useful in studying psychiatric issues: functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

scholarly journals Brain Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Highlights Altered Connections and Functional Networks in Patients With Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1480-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Carnevale ◽  
Angelo Maffei ◽  
Alessandro Landolfi ◽  
Giovanni Grillea ◽  
Daniela Carnevale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Dorsal Attention Network ◽  
The Brain

Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease. To predict the onset of these diseases, it is necessary to develop tools to detect the early effects of vascular risk factors on the brain. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging can investigate how the brain modulates its resting activity and analyze how hypertension impacts cerebral function. Here, we used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore brain functional-hemodynamic coupling across different regions and their connectivity in patients with hypertension, as compared to subjects with normotension. In addition, we leveraged multimodal imaging to identify the signature of hypertension injury on the brain. Our study included 37 subjects (18 normotensives and 19 hypertensives), characterized by microstructural integrity by diffusion tensor imaging and cognitive profile, who were subjected to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis. We mapped brain functional connectivity networks and evaluated the connectivity differences among regions, identifying the altered connections in patients with hypertension compared with subjects with normotension in the (1) dorsal attention network and sensorimotor network; (2) dorsal attention network and visual network; (3) dorsal attention network and frontoparietal network. Then we tested how diffusion tensor imaging fractional anisotropy of superior longitudinal fasciculus correlates with the connections between dorsal attention network and default mode network and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores with a widespread network of functional connections. Finally, based on our correlation analysis, we applied a feature selection to highlight those most relevant to describing brain injury in patients with hypertension. Our multimodal imaging data showed that hypertensive brains present a network of functional connectivity alterations that correlate with cognitive dysfunction and microstructural integrity. Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT02310217.

scholarly journals Identifying Type 2 Diabetic Brains by Investigating Disease-Related Structural Changes in Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuna Chen ◽  
Yongsheng Pan ◽  
Shangyu Kang ◽  
Junshen Lu ◽  
Xin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
The Brain

Diabetes with high blood glucose levels may damage the brain nerves and thus increase the risk of dementia. Previous studies have shown that dementia can be reflected in altered brain structure, facilitating computer-aided diagnosis of brain diseases based on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-mediated changes in the brain structures have not yet been studied, and only a few studies have focused on the use of brain MRI for automated diagnosis of T2DM. Hence, identifying MRI biomarkers is essential to evaluate the association between changes in brain structure and T2DM as well as cognitive impairment (CI). The present study aims to investigate four methods to extract features from MRI, characterize imaging biomarkers, as well as identify subjects with T2DM and CI.

scholarly journals Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain in APP Transgenic Mice: A Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e67630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Müller ◽  
Jan Kassubek ◽  
Ina Vernikouskaya ◽  
Albert C. Ludolph ◽  
Detlef Stiller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Current approaches to magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of epileptogenic and associated lesions of the brain

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1S) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
E. M. Perepelova ◽  
V. A. Perepelov ◽  
M. S. Merkulova ◽  
V. E. Sinitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Associated Lesions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

With the development of current neuroimaging techniques, their role in diagnosing epilepsy is becoming more significant and that is not only in identifying the disease that plays a key role in  epileptogenesis, but also in assisting a clinician in the subsequent  formulation of the diagnosis, in correcting drug therapy, and, in  some cases, in addressing the issue of surgical treatment in the  patient. The priority technique in this case is magnetic resonance  imaging (MRI) that has high sensitivity and specificity in defining the  location of minor and more major lesions of the brain structure  and that includes a set of current sequences that can obtain  important diagnostic information about the functional state of the  brain. This article highlights the International League Against  Epilepsy guidelines for MRI in patients with suspected epilepsy,  assesses the use of and briefly characterizes both structural and  functional pulse sequences that are most commonly included in the  epileptological protocol. It considers major pathological processes  and evaluates anatomical and functional changes in the brain  structure, which play an important role in epileptogenesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document