Relationships between childhood growth parameters and adult blood pressure: the Fels Longitudinal Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Sabo ◽  
A. Wang ◽  
Y. Deng ◽  
C. S. Sabo ◽  
S. S. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Adiposity Rebound ◽  
And Gender

Previous research has shown that childhood body size is associated with blood pressure in adulthood, and that early and rapid growth rates are correlated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Our objectives are to estimate associations between childhood body size growth parameters and adult blood pressure, and to examine the effect of early attainment of critical growth milestones on adult blood pressure, relative to normal or late attainment. Lifetime height and body mass index (BMI) measurements in childhood, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measurements in adulthood are taken from participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study. Childhood growth curves are estimated separately for stature and BMI using the Preece–Baines and third-degree polynomial models, respectively. Associations between the resulting parameter estimates and adult blood pressure are then examined using linear mixed models. Our findings show that the ages of achievement of the stature-based growth onset and peak velocity, as well as the age of achievement of the BMI-based adiposity rebound, are negatively associated with adult blood pressure, implying that early height or BMI growth can lead to increased blood pressure in adulthood. There were subtle differences in these relationships based on age and gender, and also between SBP and DBP. These results expand on the existing literature, showing that not only childhood body size, but also the timing of childhood growth can have a deleterious effect on adult cardiovascular health.

scholarly journals Associations between Childhood Body Size, Composition, Blood Pressure and Adult Cardiac Structure: The Fels Longitudinal Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e106333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy T. Sabo ◽  
Miao-Shan Yen ◽  
Stephen Daniels ◽  
Shumei S. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Cardiac Structure

scholarly journals 690Growth in childhood and age at menarche: Insights from individual trajectory modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Giles ◽  
Melissa Whitrow ◽  
Alice Rumbold ◽  
Michael Davies ◽  
Vivienne Moore
Keyword(s):  
Random Effects ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Menstrual History

Abstract Background The relationship between patterns of weight gain across childhood and the onset of puberty remains unclear. We aimed to derive growth parameters (size, tempo, and velocity) from models of weight across childhood and to estimate their effects on age at menarche. Methods Serial height and weight measurements from birth to age 9.5 years for 557 children who took part in the Generation 1 cohort study were used, along with girls’ menstrual history at age 12-13 years. Shape invariant random effects models were fit to log(weight+1) for all available participants’ data (282 girls, 260 boys), and AIC used to identify the best-fitting model. In time-to-event models subsequently fit to the girls’ data to estimate effects of the growth parameters on menarcheal age, a censoring age of 12 years was used to define early puberty. Results A model with 4df and fixed and random effects for size and tempo and a fixed effect for velocity was preferred. Some 19% of girls began menstruating before age 12 years. Size and tempo were each associated with an increased hazard of earlier menarche; a 0.1 unit gain in size was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.75 (95%CI 1.32–2.33), and a 0.1 unit gain in tempo with a hazard ratio of 7.84 (95%CI 3.41–18.05). Conclusions Using all participants’ data gave more precise growth parameter estimates. Key messages Understanding mechanisms that drive increased size and tempo of childhood growth may help to elucidate the links between obesity and girls’ risk of early puberty.

Growth curves of ostriches (Struthio camelus) from Oudtshoorn in South Africa

1995 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Cilliers ◽  
J. J. du Preez ◽  
J. S. Maritz ◽  
J. P. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Gompertz Model ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Struthio Camelus ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

AbstractGrowth results of 43 ostrich males and females were used to compile growth parameters of a flock that is representative of Oudtshoorn birds, using the Gompertz model. Growth results comprised 19 recordings of body weight for each individual commencing from 1-day-old to day 520. Individual fits of data to the growth model were exceptionally good, resulting in low CV values of 0·02 and 0·03 for the mean values of all estimates of mature live weight for male and females respectively. The estimated mean mature body weights for the flock were 119·2 kg for males and 122·3 kg for females. Rates of maturing were 9100 and 8500 for males and females respectively which corresponded to ages of 180·83 and 199·2 days at which maximum gain in weight were achieved. None of these parameter estimates differed significantly between sexes. Results in the present study suggested substantial adjustments to growth parameters for Oudtshoorn ostriches published by du Preez, Jarvis, Capatos and de Kock, 1992.

scholarly journals Age- and Gender-Specific Components of the Metabolic Syndrome in 2228 First Graders: The PEP Family Heart Study

Scientifica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Schwandt ◽  
Thomas Bertsch ◽  
Evelyn Liepold ◽  
Gerda-Maria Haas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
First Graders ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Family Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific

Because first graders are critical for excess weight gain, we assessed components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) using the pediatric definition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). We compared four MetS components as defined by the IDF with age- and gender-specific components in 2228 first graders at the age of 6. The growth curves were derived from 22113 children and adolescents who participated in the PEP Family Heart Study. The aim was to determine in first graders precise values of waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), triglycerides (TG), and HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) based on growth curves that were developed for a large German population of youths and to assess the prevalence in terms of both definitions at this critical age. The prevalence of high blood pressure for age was 13% compared with only 2% according to IDF. Because of this considerable divergence, we propose to define MetS components based on national growth curves.

Sex-specific and latitudinal variance in postnatal growth of the Subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis)

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1126-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthán N. Bester ◽  
Albert S. Van Jaarsveld
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Antarctic Polar Front ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Gough Island ◽  
Arctocephalus Tropicalis

Parameter estimates reflecting age-specific growth of Subantarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus tropicalis) on Gough Island were fitted to three sigmoidal (Gompertz, logistic, and von Bertalanffy) growth curves. With a few exceptions, the logistic fit provided the best mathematical approximation of postnatal growth in fur seals from Gough Island, although all fits were significant. Standard length is a better reflection of age-specific changes in size than mass, which displayed considerable variance. Growth was characterized by marked sexual dimorphism. Interisland comparisons of body size from throughout the geographic range of the species suggested a latitudinal graded difference in adult body size, with the largest animals occurring at low-latitude Amsterdam Island and the smallest at Marion Island, which lies just north of the Antarctic Polar Front. These growth and body-size estimates can be used for monitoring the effects of population or ecosystem changes on fur seal productivity, but significant standardization of data collection procedures need to be introduced.

Natural experiment examining the longitudinal association between change in residential segregation and youth cardiovascular health across race/ethnicity and gender in the USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
pp. 595-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily M D’Agostino ◽  
Hersila H Patel ◽  
Zafar Ahmed ◽  
Eric Hansen ◽  
M Sunil Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Residential Segregation ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

BackgroundIdentifying how racial/ethnic residential segregation and mobility may impact health can guide innovative strategies for reducing youth disparities.MethodsThis natural experiment examined the association between change in residential segregation and cardiovascular health outcomes across race/ethnicity and gender for youth (n=2250, mean age 9.1 years, 54% male; 51% Hispanic, 49% non-Hispanic black (NHB); 49% high area poverty) attending a multisite park-based afterschool fitness programme in Florida, USA. Two-level generalised linear mixed models with random intercepts for park effects were fit to test the change in segregation–cardiovascular health association over two school years.ResultsAfter covariate adjustment (individual-level gender, race/ethnicity, age, time and park-area poverty), greater improvements in cardiovascular health including body mass index percentile, sum of skinfold thicknesses, systolic/diastolic blood pressure percentiles and 400 m run time were found for youth who attended the program in a less segregated area compared with their home area (p<0.05 for all outcomes). NHB girls showed the greatest cardiovascular health improvements. Specifically, compared with the reference group (no change in segregation), skinfold thicknesses and systolic blood pressure percentiles decreased 17% (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 95% CI 0.81 to 0.86) and 16% (IRR 95% CI 0.82 to 0.87), respectively, versus 1% increase for both outcomes (IRR 95% CI 0.98 to 1.05) and (IRR 95% CI 0.98 to 1.05), respectively, for movement to less versus more segregated areas.ConclusionIn light of a continually expanding youth obesity epidemic, the global effort to reduce health inequities may be supported through Parks and Recreation Departments given potential to expand geographic mobility for low resource subgroups.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension in urban school children aged 5 to 10 years in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2055
Author(s):  
Manoja Kumar Das ◽  
Vidyut Bhatia ◽  
Anupam Sibal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Urban School ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
North India ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender

Background: Blood pressure in children is a known predictor cardiovascular health and outcome in adulthood. Prevalence of hypertension in Indian adults is rising over the years. It is anticipated that the blood pressure in Indian children might have also increased over the years. This study was undertaken to document the prevalence of hypertension among urban school children aged 5-10 years in North India. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in 28 private schools in urban Faridabad, Haryana. A total of 5636 children aged 5 to 10 years from both sexes undergone blood pressure, height and weight measurement. Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was estimated using the available reference cutoff for Indian children. The prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was compared for different BMI categories and gender. Results: Overall the prevalence of hypertension was 19.7%, while 13.4% children were in pre-hypertensive range. The prevalence of hypertension increased with BMI and age in both sexes. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in girl than boys. Hypertension was documented in 14.6% of the underweight and 20.6% of normal-weight children.Conclusion: A high proportion of children were hypertensive or pre-hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension in under-weight and normal-weight children indicate need for systematic documentation.

The Effect of Exercise and Distraction on Blood Pressure Recovery Following an Anger-Provoking Stressor in Normotensive Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye S. Routledge ◽  
Judith A. McFetridge-Durdle ◽  
Marilyn Macdonald ◽  
Lynn Breau ◽  
Tavis Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
State Anger ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Anger Reactivity ◽  
Quiet Sitting

Ruminating about a prior anger provoking event is found to elevate blood pressure (BP) and delay BP recovery. Delayed BP recovery may be associated with increased risk of hypertension. Interventions that improve BP recovery may be beneficial for cardiovascular health. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the influence of rumination and anger on BP reactivity and recovery, to compare the effect of an exercise intervention or distraction intervention on BP recovery and to explore if exercise improved BP recovery by distracting participants from stressor-related rumination and anger. Healthy, normotensive participants (n = 79, mean age 22.2 ± 4.0 years) underwent an anger-recall interview stressor task, 3 min of exercise (walking), distraction (reading) or no-intervention (quiet sitting) and a 15 min recovery period. State anger reactivity was associated with Δ diastolic (D) BP reactivity and approached significance with Δ systolic (S) BP reactivity. Trait rumination was associated with greater SBP during recovery. Δ SBP recovery did not differ between the exercise, distraction and no-intervention groups. Although there were no differences in Δ DBP recovery between the exercise and no-intervention groups, distraction improved Δ DBP recovery compared to the exercise intervention but not the no-intervention. The proportion of anger-related thoughts (state rumination) in the exercise group did not differ from the distraction or no-intervention groups. However, a smaller proportion of participants in the distraction intervention reported an anger-related thought during recovery compared to the no-intervention group with 76% of their thoughts relating to the provided distraction. Overall, post-stressor exercise was not found to improve BP recovery while reading was effective at distracting individuals from angry thoughts (state rumination) but had no effect on BP compared to no-intervention.

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