Early-childhood BMI trajectories in relation to preclinical cardiovascular measurements in adolescence

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Parisa Montazeri ◽  
Serena Fossati ◽  
Diana B.P. Clemente ◽  
Lourdes Cirugeda ◽  
Roberto Elosua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Microvascular Function ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Retinal Arteriolar

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Overweight, obesity, and accelerated growth during early childhood have been associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in later life. Few studies have assessed whether trajectories of accelerated growth in early childhood are associated with preclinical cardiovascular measurements. We aimed to evaluate the associations between childhood body mass index (BMI) growth trajectories and measures of macro- and microvascular function in early adolescence. Measurements of macrovascular function (systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and microvascular function (central retinal arteriolar/veinular equivalent) were assessed at 11 years old in a Spanish birth cohort study (n = 489). BMI trajectories from birth to 9 years were identified using latent class growth analysis. Multiple linear regression assessed the associations between the BMI trajectories and macro- and microvascular function. Compared to children with average birth size and slower BMI gain (reference), children with a lower birth size and accelerated BMI gain had increased SBP [β = 6.57; (95% CI 4.00, 9.15)], DBP [β = 3.65; (95% CI 1.45, 5.86)], and PWV [β = 0.14; (95% CI 0.01, 0.27)]. Children with higher birth size and accelerated BMI gain had increased SBP [β = 4.75; (95% CI 1.79, 7.71) compared to the reference. No significant associations between BMI trajectories and the microvascular measurements were observed. In conclusion, we found that childhood BMI trajectories characterized by accelerated growth are associated with preclinical macrovascular measurements in young adolescents.

scholarly journals Early childhood growth is associated with lung function at 7 years: a prospective population-based study

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 2000157
Author(s):  
Gabriela P. Peralta ◽  
Alicia Abellan ◽  
Parisa Montazeri ◽  
Mikel Basterrechea ◽  
Ana Esplugues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Bmi Trajectories

Previous studies have related early postnatal growth with later lung function but their interpretation is limited by the methods used to assess a child's growth. We aimed to assess the association of early childhood growth, measured by body mass index (BMI) trajectories up to 4 years, with lung function at 7 years.We included 1257 children from the Spanish Infancia y Medio Ambiente population-based birth cohort. Early childhood growth was classified into five categories based on BMI trajectories up to 4 years previously identified using latent class growth analysis. These trajectories differed in birth size (“lower”, “average”, “higher”) and in BMI gain velocity (“slower”, “accelerated”). We related these trajectories to lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC and forced expiratory flow at 25%–75% of FVC (FEF25–75%)) at 7 years, using multivariable mixed regression.Compared to children with average birth size and slower BMI gain (reference), children with higher birth size and accelerated BMI gain had a higher FVC % pred (3.3%, 95% CI 1.0%–5.6%) and a lower FEV1/FVC % pred (−1.5%, 95% CI −2.9%–−0.1%) at 7 years. Similar associations were observed for children with lower birth size and accelerated BMI gain. Children with lower birth size and slower BMI gain had lower FVC % pred at 7 years. No association was found for FEF25–75%.Independently of birth size, children with accelerated BMI gain in early childhood had higher lung function at 7 years but showed airflow limitation. Children with lower birth size and slower BMI gain in early childhood had lower lung function at 7 years.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index Trajectories among Middle-Aged and Elderly Canadians and Associated Health Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yanqing Yi ◽  
Barbara Roebothan ◽  
Jennifer Colbourne ◽  
Victor Maddalena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Body Mass Index Trajectories ◽  
Bmi Trajectory

Background. Whether there is heterogeneity in the development of BMI from middle-age onward is still unknown. The primary aim of this study is to analyze long-term obesity and how BMI trajectories are associated with health outcomes in midlife.Methods. Latent Class Growth Modelling was used to capture the changes in BMI over time. In this study, 3070 individuals from the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), aged 40–55 years at baseline, were included.Results. Four BMI trajectory groups, “Normal-Stable” (N-S), “Overweight-Stable” (OV-S), “Obese I-Stable” (OB I-S), and “Obese II-Stable” (OB II-S), were identified. Men, persons of White ancestry, and individuals who had no postsecondary education had higher odds of being in the latter three groups. Moreover, members of the OV-S, OB I-S, and OB II-S groups experienced more asthma, arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cognitive impairment, and reduced self-rated overall health. Individuals in the OB II-S group were at greater risk for back problems, chronic bronchitis or emphysema, and emotional issues when compared to the N-S group.Conclusion. Understanding different BMI trajectories is important in order to identify people who are at the highest risk of developing comorbidities due to obesity and to establish programs to intervene appropriately.

scholarly journals Emergent patterns of risk for psychopathology: The influence of infant avoidance and maternal caregiving on trajectories of social reticence

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽  
pp. 1163-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A. Degnan ◽  
Amie Ashley Hane ◽  
Heather A. Henderson ◽  
Olga L. Walker ◽  
Melissa M. Ghera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Latent Class Growth Analysis ◽  
Maternal Caregiving ◽  
Latent Class Growth ◽  
Stable Trajectory ◽  
At Home

AbstractThe current study investigated the influential role of infant avoidance on links between maternal caregiving behavior and trajectories at risk for psychopathology. A sample of 153 children, selected for temperamental reactivity to novelty, was followed from infancy through early childhood. At 9 months, infant avoidance of fear-eliciting stimuli in the laboratory and maternal sensitivity at home were assessed. At 36 months, maternal gentle discipline was assessed at home. Children were repeatedly observed in the lab with an unfamiliar peer across early childhood. A latent class growth analysis yielded three longitudinal risk trajectories of social reticence behavior: a high-stable trajectory, a high-decreasing trajectory, and a low-increasing trajectory. For infants displaying greater avoidance, 9-month maternal sensitivity and 36-month maternal gentle discipline were both positively associated with membership in the high-stable social reticence trajectory, compared to the high-decreasing social reticence trajectory. For infants displaying lower avoidance, maternal sensitivity was positively associated with membership in the high-decreasing social reticence trajectory, compared to the low-increasing trajectory. Maternal sensitivity was positively associated with the high-stable social reticence trajectory when maternal gentle discipline was lower. These results illustrate the complex interplay of infant and maternal behavior in early childhood trajectories at risk for emerging psychopathology.

scholarly journals Social Isolation Patterns and Health Outcomes in Midlife and Later Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
Meng Sha Luo
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Latent Class Growth

Abstract Conceptualizing social isolation as a multidimensional construct encompassing social networks, social contacts, perceived support and loneliness, this research aims to: (1) identify patterns of social isolation trajectory among middle-aged and older adults in the U.S.; (2) investigate how different patterns of social isolation trajectory are related to adults’ physical, mental, cognitive, and overall health. Latent class growth modeling was used to examine social isolation trajectory patterns over nine years in a national sample of 6,457 adults aged 51+. Four patterns of social isolation trajectory were identified: severely isolated, moderately isolated, subjectively integrated, and objectively integrated. The objectively integrated group reported the best physical, mental, cognitive, and overall health, whereas the severely isolated group reported the worst. The moderately isolated and subjectively integrated groups fell in between, with the latter displaying relatively better health outcomes. Findings support a close relationship between poor health and long-term social isolation.

scholarly journals Trajectories of early to mid-life adulthood BMI and incident diabetes: the China Health and Nutrition Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000972
Author(s):  
Jiali Lv ◽  
Bingbing Fan ◽  
Mengke Wei ◽  
Guangshuai Zhou ◽  
Alim Dayimu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Incident Diabetes ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Bmi Trajectories

IntroductionThis longitudinal study aims to characterize distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories during early to mid-life adulthood and to explore the association between BMI change from young adulthood to midlife and incident diabetes.Research design and methodsThis study included 7289 adults who had repeatedly measured BMI 3–9 times during 1989–2011 and information on incident diabetes. Latent class growth mixed model (LCGMM) was used to identify different BMI trajectories. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the association between the trajectory group membership and incident hyperglycemia, adjusting for covariates. The hyperglycemia group included individuals with prediabetes or diabetes. The model-estimated BMI levels and slopes were calculated at each age point in 1-year intervals according to the model parameters and their first derivatives, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of model-estimated levels and slopes of BMI at each age point with incident hyperglycemia. The area under the curve (AUC) was computed from longitudinal growth curve models during the follow-up for each individual. Prior to the logistic regression analyses, quartiles of total, baseline, and incremental AUC values were calculated.ResultsThree distinct trajectories were characterized by LCGMM, comprising of low-increasing group (n=5136), medium-increasing group (n=1914), and high-increasing group (n=239). Compared with the low-increasing group, adjusted HRs and 95% CIs were 1.21 (0.99 to 1.48) and 1.56 (1.06 to 2.30) for the medium-increasing and the high-increasing group, respectively. The adjusted standardized ORs of model-estimated BMI levels increased among 20–50 years, ranging from 0.98 (0.87 to 1.10) to 1.19 (1.08 to 1.32). The standardized ORs of level-adjusted linear slopes increased gradually from 1.30 (1.16 to 1.45) to 1.42 (1.21 to 1.67) during 20–29 years, then decreased from 1.41 (1.20 to 1.66) to 1.20 (1.08 to 1.33) during 30–43 years, and finally increased to 1.20 (1.04 to 1.38) until 50 years. The fourth quartile of incremental AUC (OR=1.31, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.66) was significant compared with the first quartile, after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the BMI trajectories during early adulthood were significantly associated with later-life diabetes. Young adulthood is a crucial period for the development of diabetes, which has implications for early prevention.

Patterns of BMI development between 10 and 42 years of age and their determinants in the 1970 British Cohort Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell M Viner ◽  
Silvia Costa ◽  
William Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Latent Class Model ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Mixture Modelling ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Growth Mixture Modelling ◽  
Bmi Trajectories

BackgroundMixture modelling is a useful approach to identify subgroups in a population who share similar trajectories. We aimed to identify distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories between 10 and 42 years and investigate how known early-life risk factors are related to trajectories.MethodsSample: 9187 participants in the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study, with BMI observations between 10 and 42 years and data on birth weight, parental BMI, socioeconomic status, breast feeding and puberty. Latent growth mixture modelling in Mplus was used to model age-related BMI trajectories and test associations of risk factors with trajectory membership.ResultsA three latent class model was most credible: (1) normative: 92%: started normal weight but gradually increased BMI to become overweight in adulthood; (2) childhood onset persistent obesity (COP): 4%: persistently high BMI from childhood; (3) adolescent and young adulthood onset obesity (AYAO): 4%: normal weight in childhood but had a steep ascending trajectory. Higher maternal and paternal BMI and early puberty increased the probability of being in either the COP or the AYAO classes compared with the normative class.ConclusionMost individuals gradually increased BMI and became overweight in mid-adulthood. Only 8% demonstrated more severe BMI trajectories. Further research is needed to understand the underlying body composition changes and health risks in the COP and AYAO classes.

scholarly journals Lifetime trajectories of socio-economic adversity and their associations with psychosocial factors and attitudes towards social class

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-104
Author(s):  
Almar A.L. Kok ◽  
Martijn Huisman ◽  
Rachel Cooper ◽  
Theodore D. Cosco ◽  
Dorly J.H. Deeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Parental Interest

Scientific understanding of the associations between socio-economic adversity and other domains such as health and psychosocial functioning may be improved by employing extensive, prospective life course data to model inter-individual heterogeneity in socio-economic trajectories. This study applied Latent Class Growth Analysis to derive a typology of trajectories of socio-economic adversity, and compared the psychosocial profiles of the groups based on this typology. Data were used from 2,950 men and women participating in the MRC National Survey of Health and Development in Great Britain, ascertained prospectively since birth in 1946 until age 53. Trajectories of socio-economic adversity were based on indicators of occupational class, overcrowding, housing tenure, household amenities and financial hardship at ages 4, 11, 15, 36, 43 and 53, and education at age 26. Psychosocial factors included parental interest in education, self-management, neuroticism and attitudes towards social class and social mobility. Seven distinct trajectories were identified: persistent high; persistent low; strongly declining; gradually declining; increasing; early childhood; and relapsing high adversity. Key findings include that those with increasing adversity had high parental interest in education but low self-management and high neuroticism; that those with only early childhood adversity had a less favourable psychosocial profile than those with persistent low exposure; and that groups with declining adversity had relatively favourable attitudes towards education. Findings emphasise the need to consider socio-economic and personality mechanisms in the context of one another in order to better understand later life inequality.

scholarly journals Long term alterations of growth after antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Braun ◽  
Vivien Filleböck ◽  
Boris Metze ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Andreas Plagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone (ANS, ≤16 mg, =24 mg and >24 mg) in twins on infant and childhood growth.MethodsA retrospective cohort follow up study among 198 twins after ANS including three time points: U1 first neonatal examination after birth and in the neonatal period; U7 examination from the 21st to the 24th month of life and U9 examination from the 60th to the 64th month of life using data from copies of the children’s examination booklets. Inclusion criteria are twin pregnancies with preterm labor, cervical shortening, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding, and exposure to ANS between 23+5 and 33+6 weeks. Outcome measures are dosage-dependent and sex-specific effects of ANS on growth (body weight, body length, head circumference, body mass index and ponderal index) up to 5.3 years.ResultsOverall, 99 live-born twin pairs were included. Negative effects of ANS on fetal growth persisted beyond birth, altered infant and childhood growth, independent of possible confounding factors. Overall weight percentile significantly decreased between infancy and early childhood by 18.8%. Birth weight percentiles significantly changed in a dose dependent and sex specific manner, most obviously in female-female and mixed pairs. The ponderal index significantly decreased up to 42.9%, BMI index increased by up to 33.8%.ConclusionsANS results in long-term alterations in infant and childhood growth. Changes between infancy and early childhood in ponderal mass index and BMI, independent of dose or twin pair structure, might indicate an ANS associated increased risk for later life disease.SynopsisFirst-time report on long-term ANS administration growth effects in twin pregnancies, showing persisting alterations beyond birth in infant and childhood growth up to 5.3 years as potential indicator of later life disease risk.

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