scholarly journals Long term alterations of growth after antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Braun ◽  
Vivien Filleböck ◽  
Boris Metze ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Andreas Plagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone (ANS, ≤16 mg, =24 mg and >24 mg) in twins on infant and childhood growth.MethodsA retrospective cohort follow up study among 198 twins after ANS including three time points: U1 first neonatal examination after birth and in the neonatal period; U7 examination from the 21st to the 24th month of life and U9 examination from the 60th to the 64th month of life using data from copies of the children’s examination booklets. Inclusion criteria are twin pregnancies with preterm labor, cervical shortening, preterm premature rupture of membranes, or vaginal bleeding, and exposure to ANS between 23+5 and 33+6 weeks. Outcome measures are dosage-dependent and sex-specific effects of ANS on growth (body weight, body length, head circumference, body mass index and ponderal index) up to 5.3 years.ResultsOverall, 99 live-born twin pairs were included. Negative effects of ANS on fetal growth persisted beyond birth, altered infant and childhood growth, independent of possible confounding factors. Overall weight percentile significantly decreased between infancy and early childhood by 18.8%. Birth weight percentiles significantly changed in a dose dependent and sex specific manner, most obviously in female-female and mixed pairs. The ponderal index significantly decreased up to 42.9%, BMI index increased by up to 33.8%.ConclusionsANS results in long-term alterations in infant and childhood growth. Changes between infancy and early childhood in ponderal mass index and BMI, independent of dose or twin pair structure, might indicate an ANS associated increased risk for later life disease.SynopsisFirst-time report on long-term ANS administration growth effects in twin pregnancies, showing persisting alterations beyond birth in infant and childhood growth up to 5.3 years as potential indicator of later life disease risk.

scholarly journals Nongenetic Determinants of Age at Menarche: A Systematic Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Yermachenko ◽  
Volodymyr Dvornyk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Family Stressors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood

Background. The acceleration of pubertal development is an important medical and social problem, as it may result in increased morbidity and mortality in later life. This systematic review summarizes relevant data about nongenetic factors, which contribute to age at menarche (AAM), and suggests those which may be the most important.Methods. The available literature from 1980 till July 2013 was searched using PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Finally, 154 papers were selected for the analysis.Results. Environmental factors, which may affect AAM, vary in populations of different ethnicity. The prenatal, infancy, and early childhood periods are the most susceptible to these factors. Body weight, high animal protein intake, family stressors (e.g., single parenting), and physical activity seem to influence AAM in most populations.Conclusions. The data about influence of nongenetic factors on AAM are still inconsistent. The factors affecting prenatal and early childhood growth seem to have a larger effect on further sexual maturation. Further studies are needed in order to validate the association between other environmental determinants and AAM in different ethnical groups.

scholarly journals C-Reactive Protein and All-Cause Mortality in a Large Hospital-Based Cohort

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Marsik ◽  
Lili Kazemi-Shirazi ◽  
Thomas Schickbauer ◽  
Stefan Winkler ◽  
Christian Joukhadar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Abstract Background: C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase protein, is a sensitive systemic marker of inflammation and acute-phase reactions. Testing CRP concentrations at hospital admission may provide information about disease risk and overall survival. Methods: All first-ever transmittals to the department of medical and chemical laboratory diagnostics for determination of low-sensitivity CRP (n = 274 515, 44.5% male, median age 51 years) between January 1991 and July 2003 were included [median follow-up time: 4.4 years (interquartile range, 2.3–7.4 years)]. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Multivariate Cox regression adjusted for sex and age was applied for analysis. Results: Compared to individuals within the reference category (CRP <5 mg/L), hazard ratios (HR) for all-cause mortality increased from 1.4 (5–10 mg/L category) to 3.3 in the highest category (>80 mg/L, all P <0.001). CRP was associated with various causes of death. The relation of CRP to cancer death was stronger than to vascular death. Younger patients with increased CRP had relatively far worse outcome than older patients (maximal HR: ≤30 years: 6.7 vs >60 years: 1.7–3.7). Interestingly, both short- and long-term mortality were associated with increasing CRP concentrations (>80 mg/L: HR 22.8 vs 1.4). Conclusion: Measurement of low-sensitivity CRP at hospital admission allowed for the identification of patients at increased risk of unfavorable outcome. Our findings indicate that close attention should be paid to hospitalized patients with high CRP not only because of very substantial short-term risk, but also long-term excess risk, the basis for which needs to be determined.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Impact of Preschool Health and Nutrition on Education

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2_suppl2) ◽  
pp. S193-S201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jukes
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Nutrition Supplementation ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Long Term Impact

Malnutrition and infectious diseases in infancy and early childhood have an impact on the cognitive development of children in developing countries. The long-term effects of these diseases are less well understood. A number of studies relate early malnutrition, iron deficiency, and malaria infection to poor cognitive abilities in the school-age years. The long-term effect of randomized interventions in early childhood has been evaluated for nutrition supplementation and psychosocial stimulation of malnourished children and for malaria prevention in a community cohort. The evidence suggests that improving the health and nutrition of young children can improve their subsequent chances of attending school, the gender equity of education access, and performance of children once at school.

Dementia associated with alcohol and other drug use

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (s1) ◽  
pp. S109-S127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary K. Hulse ◽  
Nicola T. Lautenschlager ◽  
Robert J. Tait ◽  
Osvaldo P. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
Chronic Use

The acute use of alcohol and several other licit and illicit drugs can affect mental state and cognitive function. The chronic use of certain drugs may also increase the risk of cognitive impairment and perhaps dementia in later life. This paper focuses on the long-term cognitive consequences of using alcohol, benzodiazepines, tobacco and cannabis. Currently available evidence indicates that mild to moderate alcohol consumption is not associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and may in fact have a protective effect against dementia, although heavy, long-term consumption is likely to have a negative impact on cognitive function. The degree that alcohol-related cognitive impairment must reach to be classified as dementia is currently obscure. Longer-term smoking is associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment and possibly dementia. The chronic use of benzodiazepines has been associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment but information relating to dementia remains inconclusive. The chronic use of cannabis may impair intellectual abilities but data on this topic remain sparse and difficult to interpret. In conclusion, there is evidence that some drugs contribute to the causal pathway that leads to the development of cognitive impairment but currently available data do not support the introduction of a separate diagnostic category of drug-induced dementia (such as alcohol-related dementia). Health promotion programs designed to decrease tobacco smoking and “harmful” alcohol use (and possibly other drug use) may decrease the burden of cognitive impairment and perhaps dementia in later life.

scholarly journals The Effect of Antibiotic Treatment of Early Childhood Shigellosis on Long-Term Prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Yair Sadaka ◽  
Judah Freedman ◽  
Shai Ashkenazi ◽  
Shlomo Vinker ◽  
Avivit Golan-Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk

It has recently been shown that children with early shigellosis are at increased risk of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between antibiotic treatment of shigellosis with long-term ADHD rates. A retrospective cohort study was conducted that included all the Leumit Health Services (LHS) enrollees aged 5–18 years between 2000–2018 with a documented Shigella-positive gastroenteritis before the age of 3 years. Of the 5176 children who were positive for Shigella gastroenteritis before the age of 3 years, 972 (18.8%) were treated with antibiotics early (<5 days), 250 (4.8%) were treated late (≥5 days), and 3954 children (76.4%) were not prescribed antibiotics. Late antibiotic treatment was associated with significantly increased rates of ADHD (adjusted OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.1–2.3). Early treatment with antibiotics was not associated with increased ADHD rates (adjusted OR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.8–1.3). In conclusion, late antibiotic treatment of early childhood shigellosis was associated with increased rates of ADHD.

scholarly journals Dosage escalation of antenatal steroids in preterm twin pregnancies does not improve long-term outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Braun ◽  
Vivien Filleböck ◽  
Boris Metze ◽  
Christoph Bührer ◽  
Andreas Plagemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Congenital Infections ◽  
Childhood Morbidity ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Dosage Escalation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract Objectives To analyze long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone (≤16 mg, =24 mg and >24 mg) in preterm twins on infant and childhood morbidity. Methods Retrospective cohort study among 198 preterm twins. Three follow up time points, including a total of 84 outcomes, were evaluated: first neonatal examination after birth and in the neonatal period up to 10 days after birth using data from the clinic charts; examination from the 21st to the 24th month of life and examination from the 60th to the 64th months, using data from copies of the children’s examination booklets sent back by the parents. Dosage-dependent and sex-specific long-term effects of antenatal betamethasone treatment on neonatal, infant and early childhood development and morbidity up to 5.3 years of age were analyzed. Results Dosage escalation of >24 mg was not associated with improved neonatal, infant or early child hood outcome, independent of twin pair structure. In contrast, higher doses >24 mg were significantly linked to increased rates of congenital infections (OR 5.867, 95% CI 1.895–18.167). Male sex as a factor was obvious for lower rates of apnea-bradycardia-syndrome in neonates, higher rates of no free steps after 15 months in infancy and highest rates of motor clumsiness in early childhood. Conclusions Betamethasone dosage escalation >24 mg in twins born between 23+5 and 33+6 weeks of gestation did not improve neonatal, infant or early childhood morbidity. In contrast, higher doses >24 mg total dose resulted in significantly higher rates of congenital infections and are not recommended. For males, 24 mg betamethasone appears to be the preferable dose.

scholarly journals FETAL ORIGIN OF ADULT DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Khanh Nguyễn Công
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Fetal Origins ◽  
Barker Hypothesis ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Fetal Origin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fetal Nutrition ◽  
Size At Birth

“Fetal origins of adult disease”, often called the “Barker hypothesis” after a large proportion data of Barker and colleagues in Southampton over the last decade, that adverse influences early in development, and particularly during intrauterine life, can result in permanent changes in structure, physiology, metabolism, which result in increased disease risk in adulthood. Many further studies have provided evidence for the hypothesis that size at birth is related to the risk of developing disease in later life. In particular, links are well established between reduced birthweight and increased risk of coronary heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and stroke in adulthood. The most widely accepted mechanisms thought to underlie these relationship are those of altered fetal nutrition, genetic–epigenetic links, fetal programming and fetal excess glucocorticoid exposure. It is suggested that the fetus makes physiological adaption in response to changes in its environment to prepare itself for posnatal life. The “Fetal origin of adult disease” hypothesis is attractive. It suggests that these diseases could be prevented by improving maternal health and fetal development

Cardiovascular disease risk in survivors of 20 adult cancers.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11571-11571
Author(s):  
Helen Strongman ◽  
Sarah Gadd ◽  
Anthony Matthews ◽  
Kathryn Mansfield ◽  
Susannah Jane Stanway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range

11571 Background: There are concerns about long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in cancer survivors, but few studies have quantified the risks for a wide range of cancers and specific CVD outcomes. Methods: Using UK electronic health records, we identified cohorts of adults alive one year after a cancer diagnosis at 20 different sites. Risks of a range of CVD outcomes were compared to age, sex and general practice matched cancer free controls using Cox regression; crude and adjusted models were compared to investigate the role of shared cancer/CVD risk factors (e.g. smoking and diabetes). Results: 126 120 cancer survivors and 603 144 controls were followed over a median (IQR) 4.6 (2.5-8.1) and 5.6 (3.2-9.2) years. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were similar. In adjusted models, there was strong evidence (p<0.01) of increased risk of CVDs among cancer survivors compared with controls: venous thromboembolism (VTE, 18 cancers), heart failure/cardiomyopathy (7 cancers), arrhythmia (4 cancers), and stroke (3 cancers). In stratified analyses HRs were higher in younger people and continued beyond 5 years post diagnosis. Conclusions: We found increased long term CVD risk among survivors of several cancers compared to the general population, which varied by cancer site and specific CVD outcome.[Table: see text]

BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND HYPERREACTIVITY AFTER EARLY CHILDHOOD BRONCHIOLITIS OR PNEUMONIA

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-390
Author(s):  
Mike Welch
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Bronchial Hyperreactivity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Clinical Asthma

The risk of asthma after infantile bronchiolitis is definitely increased over the risk in the general population. A long-term follow-up of bronchiolitis patients found 15% go on to have asthma. Furthermore, the presence of bronchial hyperreactivity in these patients is four times as frequent as overt clinical asthma. Infants with pneumonia are also at increased risk for bronchial hyper-reactivity at a later time but not as likely to develop clinical asthma.

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