Cardiovascular Response to Psychosocial Repeated Stress in Caregivers of Offspring with Schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza González-Bono ◽  
Sara de Andrés-Garcia ◽  
Ángel Romero-Martínez ◽  
Luis Moya-Albiol
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Care Group ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Repeated Stress ◽  
Significant Relationships

AbstractTaking care of offspring suffering a long-term illness such as schizophrenia is one of the more stressful life experiences. Care conditions may act as a protective factor in the health of the caregiver. The present study assesses heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and mood responses to psychosocial stress in 16 mothers receiving specialised support for the care of their offspring (CARE+) and in 11 mothers caring for their offspring without support (CARE−). The CARE− group take care of less functional and more symptomatic offspring; and display higher basal, but lower HR, responses after stress than the CARE+ group. No significant group effects were found for BP. For mood states, there were significant decreases in the anger subscale in the CARE− group that were not found in the CARE+ group. HR was related to active and passive coping styles, trait anxiety, and years spent providing care. In the total sample, other significant relationships between cardiovascular responses and life events and personality traits have been found. In sum, the data suggests that specialised support for patients may modulate cardiovascular responses to repeated stress in caregivers.

scholarly journals Psychological Resilience as a Protective Factor for Depression and Anxiety Among the Public During the Outbreak of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Song ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Hui Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Active Coping ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Passive Coping ◽  
The Public

BackgroundPsychological resilience may reduce the impact of psychological distress to some extent. We aimed to investigate the mental health status of the public during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and explore the level and related factors of anxiety and depression.MethodsFrom February 8 to March 9, 2020, 3,180 public completed the Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) for anxiety, Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) for depression, the Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) for psychological resilience, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) for the attitudes and coping styles.ResultsThe number of people with depressive symptoms (SDS > 53) was 1,303 (the rate was 41.0%). The number of people with anxiety symptoms (SAS > 50) was 1,184 (the rate was 37.2%). The depressed group and anxiety group had less education, more unmarried and younger age, as well as had significant different in SDS total score (P < 0.001), SAS total score (P < 0.001), CD-RISC total score (P < 0.001), and SCSQ score (P < 0.001). The binary logistic regression showed that female (B = -0.261, P = 0.026), strength (B = -0.079, P = 0.000), and the subscales of active coping style in SCSQ (B = -0.983, P = 0.000) remained protective factors and passive coping style (B = 0.293, P = 0.003) and higher SAS score (B = 0.175, P = 0.000) were risk factors for depression. Optimism (B = -0.041, P = 0.015) in CD-RISC was a protective factor, and passive coping styles (B = 0.483, P = 0.000) and higher SDS score (B = 0.134, P = 0.000) were risk factors for anxiety.LimitationsThis study adopted a cross-sectional design and used self-report questionnaires.ConclusionThe mental health of the public, especially females, the younger and less educational populations, and unmarried individuals, should be given more attention. Individuals with high level of mental resilience and active coping styles would have lower levels of anxiety and depression during the outbreak of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular response to physical exercise and the risk of Internet addiction in 15–16-year-old adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya V. Poskotinova ◽  
Olga V. Krivonogova ◽  
Oleg S. Zaborsky
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractBackground and aimSubjective symptoms of Internet addiction (IA), such as interpersonal and health-related problems (IH-RP), do not correlate with objective physiological parameters. This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular reactivity after physical exercise in 15–16-year-old adolescents showing different severities of symptoms of health-related problems due to Internet overuse.MethodsThis study included 20 healthy adolescents (boys, 15–16 years) with different risks of IA (by the Chen internet addiction scale [CIAS]). The physical exercise test was to perform a standing broad jump three times. The arterial blood pressures and heart rates were recorded before, immediately after, and at 4 minutes of rest after exercise.Results and discussionThe total sample of adolescents was divided into two groups, that is, those with IH-RP scores of 12 or less (Group I, n = 12) and those scoring more than 12 points (Group II, n = 8). The diastolic blood pressure significantly increased after exercise in group II, whereas it remained stable in group I. The heart rate in group I tended to increase, but the changes were not statistically significant. Group II adolescents showed significant increases in heart rate, and at rest, this parameter was significantly higher than the baseline value.ConclusionsAdolescents with a risk of IA and severe symptoms of interpersonal and health-related problems had increased sympathetic activity during and after speed-strength physical exercise compared to those without the aforementioned symptoms.

scholarly journals Levels of physical activity in four domains and affective wellbeing before and during the Covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane S. Engels ◽  
Michael Mutz ◽  
Yolanda Demetriou ◽  
Anne K. Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
German Population ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Time Point

Abstract Background Latest studies indicated that the general mental health level is low during the pandemic. Probably, this deterioration of the mental health situation is partly due to declines in physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in and the association between affective wellbeing and levels of different domains of physical activity at three time points before and during the pandemic. Method We used a nationwide online panel with a trend data design encompassing a total sample of N = 3517, representing the German population (> 14 years). Four different activity domains (sport and exercise, light outdoor activity, housework/gardening, active travel) and affective wellbeing (positive and negative affect) were assessed at three time points before and during the Covid-19 pandemic (October 2019, March 2020, October 2020). Results Multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) indicate differences regarding affective wellbeing over the three time points with the lowest values at the second time point. Levels of activity in the four domains differed significantly over time with the strongest decrease for sport and exercise from the first to the second time point. Partial correlations indicated that the relationships between sport and exercise and positive affect were most consistent over time. Conclusions Overall, our findings suggest that physical activity plays a particularly important role in the pandemic period as a protective factor against poor mental health. Especially sports and exercise seem to be supportive and should be encouraged, e.g. by providing additional support in finding adequate outdoor, home-based or digital substitutes.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN EMOTION REGULATION AND CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONDING TO STRESS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán M Griffin ◽  
Siobhán Howard
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotion Words

Instructed use of reappraisal to regulate stress in the laboratory is typically associated with a more adaptive cardiovascular response to stress, indexed by either: (i) lower cardiovascular reactivity (CVR; e.g., lower blood pressure); or (ii) a challenge-oriented response profile (i.e., greater cardiac output paired with lower total peripheral resistance). In contrast, instructed use of suppression is associated with exaggerated CVR (e.g., greater heart rate, blood pressure). Despite this, few studies have examined if the habitual use of these strategies are related to cardiovascular responding during stress. The current study examined the relationship between cardiovascular responses to acute stress and individual differences in emotion regulation style: trait reappraisal, suppression, and emotion regulation difficulties. Forty-eight participants (25 women, 23 men) completed a standardised laboratory stress paradigm incorporating a 20-minute acclimatization period, a 10-minute baseline, and two 5-minute speech tasks separated by a 10-minute inter-task rest period. The emotional valence of the speech task was examined as a potential moderating factor; participants spoke about a block of negative-emotion words and a block of neutral-emotion words. Cardiovascular parameters were measured using the Finometer Pro. Greater habitual use of suppression was associated with exaggerated blood pressure responding to both tasks. However, only in response to the negative-emotion task was greater use of reappraisal associated with a challenge-oriented cardiovascular response. The findings suggest that individual differences in emotion regulation translate to differing patterns of CVR to stress, but the emotional valence of the stressor may play a role.

scholarly journals Alexithymia Profile in Relation to Negative Affect in Parents of Autistic and Typically Developing Young Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 496
Author(s):  
Elisa Leonardi ◽  
Antonio Cerasa ◽  
Francesca Isabella Famà ◽  
Cristina Carrozza ◽  
Letteria Spadaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Broader Autism Phenotype ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Tas 20

In our study, we explored the construct of alexithymia in parents of children with and without ASD using a multi-method approach based on self-rated and external rater assessment. We also assessed the level of self-report measures of negative affect states such as trait anxiety and depression, and investigated the correlation between the alexithymia construct, trait anxiety, and depression within the broader autism phenotype (BAP). A total sample of 100 parents (25 mothers and 25 fathers in each group) were administered the TAS-20 and the TSIA to measure self-reported and observer-rated alexithymia traits, as well as self-report measures of anxiety and depression. Study results showed that the TSIA but not the TAS-20 was able to detect significant group differences in alexithymia traits among parents of children with and without ASD, with parents of ASD children displaying significantly higher levels of alexithymia. Furthermore, differently from the TAS-20, no significant correlations between the TSIA and measures of anxiety and depression were detected. Taken together, our results suggest the importance of using multi-method approaches to control for potential measurement bias and to detect psychological constructs such as alexithymia in subclinical samples such as parents of children with ASD.

Childhood trauma and type D personality: The endocrine and cardiovascular effects on stress reactivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532093418
Author(s):  
Ali Bahari ◽  
Jafar Hasani ◽  
Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boojar
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Type D Personality ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Stress Reactions ◽  
Type D

Both exaggerated and blunted cardiovascular stress reactions are associated with health problems. Moreover, early life experiences and personality traits affect stress responses. Regarding the childhood traumas and type D personality, this study aimed to compare the endocrine and cardiovascular reactions against acute laboratory stress. Results showed that the simultaneous existence of childhood traumatic experiences and type D personality leads to exaggerated stress reactivity, while each factor results in a blunted cardiovascular response. Although the cardiovascular responses are dampened in type D personality people, their endocrine reactions are exaggerated. The underlying mechanisms of blunted cardiovascular reactivity differ between childhood trauma and type D personality groups.

Role of the endocannabinoid system in the dorsal hippocampus in the cardiovascular changes and delayed anxiety-like effect induced by acute restraint stress in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Hartmann ◽  
Aline Fassini ◽  
América Scopinho ◽  
Fernando MA Correa ◽  
Francisco S Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide

Background: The dorsal hippocampus has a central role in modulating cardiovascular responses and behavioral adaptation to stress. The dorsal hippocampus also plays a key role in stress-associated mental disorders. The endocannabinoid system is widely expressed in the dorsal hippocampus and modulates defensive behaviors under stressful conditions. The endocannabinoid anandamide activates cannabinoid type 1 receptors and is metabolized by the fatty acid amide hydrolase enzyme. Aims: We sought to verify whether cannabinoid type 1 receptors modulate stress-induced cardiovascular changes, and if pharmacological fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibition in the dorsal hippocampus would prevent the cardiovascular responses and the delayed anxiogenic-like behavior evoked by restraint stress in rats via cannabinoid type 1 receptors. Methods: Independent groups received intra-dorsal-hippocampal injections of N-(piperidin-1yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-hpyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251; cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, 10–300 pmol) and/or cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3′-carbamoyl-biphenyl-3-yl ester (URB597; fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, 10 pmol) before the restraint stress session. Cardiovascular response during restraint stress or later behavioral parameters were evaluated. Results: Acute restraint stress altered the cardiovascular response, characterized by increased heart rate and mean arterial pressure, as well as decreased tail cutaneous temperature. It also induced a delayed anxiogenic-like effect, evidenced by reduced open arm exploration in the elevated plus maze 24 h after stress. AM251 exacerbated the stress-induced cardiovascular responses after injection into the dorsal hippocampus. In contrast, local injection of URB597 prevented the cardiovascular response and the delayed (24 h) behavioral consequences of restraint stress, effects attenuated by pretreatment with AM251. Conclusion: Our data corroborate previous results indicating that the hippocampal endocannabinoid system modulates the outcome of stress exposure and suggest that this could involve modulation of the cardiovascular response during stress exposure.

scholarly journals Bodily pain and coping styles among four geriatric age groups of women

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Laganà ◽  
Christina Marie Hassija
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Pain Reports ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Older Populations ◽  
Minority Ethnic

No research is available regarding the association between coping styles and bodily pain by age-specific sub-groups in non-clinical older populations. To address this research gap, we recruited 317 older women (age 55–105, mainly from minority ethnic backgrounds) and divided our sample into sub-groups by decade. Regression analyses on the total sample and the age group of 65–74 demonstrated that denial and venting were inversely related to pain. Findings for the age groups 55–64 and 75–84 were non-significant. Among women age 85 or older, seeking emotional support was inversely associated with pain, while active coping was related to higher pain reports.

Reflex cardiovascular responses evoked by selective activation of skeletal muscle ergoreceptors

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Leshnower ◽  
J. T. Potts ◽  
M. G. Garry ◽  
J. H. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Afferent Fiber ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Muscle Afferents ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Muscle Stretch ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Passive Muscle

It is well known that the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) is mediated by group III and IV skeletal muscle afferent fibers, which exhibit unique discharge responses to mechanical and chemical stimuli. Based on the difference in discharge patterns of group III and IV muscle afferents, we hypothesized that activation of mechanically sensitive (MS) fibers would evoke a different pattern of cardiovascular responses compared with activation of both MS and chemosensitive (CS) fibers. Experiments were conducted in chloralose-urethane-anesthetized cats ( n = 10). Passive muscle stretch was used to activate MS afferents, and electrically evoked contraction of the triceps surae was used to activate both MS and CS muscle afferents. No significant differences were shown in reflex heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) responses between passive muscle stretch and evoked muscle contraction. However, when the reflex responses were matched according to tension-time index (TTI), the peak MAP response (67 ± 4 vs. 56 ± 4 mmHg, P < 0.05) was significantly greater at higher TTI (427 ± 18 vs. 304 ± 13 kg · s, high vs. low TTI, P < 0.05), despite different modes of afferent fiber activation. When the same mode of afferent fiber activation was compared, the peak MAP response (65 ± 7 vs. 55 ± 5 mmHg, P < 0.05) was again predicted by the magnitude of TTI (422 ± 24 vs. 298 ± 19 kg · s, high vs. low TTI, P < 0.05). Total sensory input from skeletal muscle ergoreceptors, as predicted by TTI and not the modality of afferent fiber activation (muscle contraction vs. passive stretch), is suggested to be the primary determinant of the magnitude of the EPR-evoked cardiovascular response.

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