scholarly journals Cardiovascular response to physical exercise and the risk of Internet addiction in 15–16-year-old adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliya V. Poskotinova ◽  
Olga V. Krivonogova ◽  
Oleg S. Zaborsky
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Group Ii

AbstractBackground and aimSubjective symptoms of Internet addiction (IA), such as interpersonal and health-related problems (IH-RP), do not correlate with objective physiological parameters. This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular reactivity after physical exercise in 15–16-year-old adolescents showing different severities of symptoms of health-related problems due to Internet overuse.MethodsThis study included 20 healthy adolescents (boys, 15–16 years) with different risks of IA (by the Chen internet addiction scale [CIAS]). The physical exercise test was to perform a standing broad jump three times. The arterial blood pressures and heart rates were recorded before, immediately after, and at 4 minutes of rest after exercise.Results and discussionThe total sample of adolescents was divided into two groups, that is, those with IH-RP scores of 12 or less (Group I, n = 12) and those scoring more than 12 points (Group II, n = 8). The diastolic blood pressure significantly increased after exercise in group II, whereas it remained stable in group I. The heart rate in group I tended to increase, but the changes were not statistically significant. Group II adolescents showed significant increases in heart rate, and at rest, this parameter was significantly higher than the baseline value.ConclusionsAdolescents with a risk of IA and severe symptoms of interpersonal and health-related problems had increased sympathetic activity during and after speed-strength physical exercise compared to those without the aforementioned symptoms.

scholarly journals Role of oral gabapentin in attenuating cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1470-1475
Author(s):  
Mohsin Riaz Askri ◽  
Shumyala Maqbool ◽  
Kausar Abbas Shah ◽  
Shahbaz Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Objectives: To determine the role of 800 mg oral gabapentin in attenuating cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Study Design: Double Blind Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Independent University Hospital/Independent Medical College, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Period: Six months from January1st 2019 to June 30th 2019. Material & Methods: This study included 60 patients which were divided into two equal groups. 800 mg oral gabapentin was given to group I while capsule placebo was administrated to group II patients in pre-operative area one hour prior to surgery. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure were taken after induction of anesthesia at base line and then 1,2,3,4,5,10 and 15 minutes after endotracheal intubation. SPSS version 11 was used to analyze the data. Heart rate systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure were dependent variables while placebo and gabapentin were independent variables. Results: Out of total 60 patients there were 36 (60 %) males and 24 (40 %) females. In group I mean age was 37.1 while in group II it was 36.3. As compare to group II there was decreased cardiovascular response in group I. There was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure at 1,2 and 10 minutes; diastolic blood pressure at 3 minutes; heart rate at 10 and 15 minutes and mean arterial blood pressure at 3 minutes after induction in group I. Conclusion: Cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation is significantly reduced with oral gabapentin.

Attenuation of Cardiovascular Response During Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation by Using Pethidine with Lignocaine

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Mollick ◽  
MD Hossain ◽  
NP Ali
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Group I ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Group Ii

A prospective comparative study was done on lignocaine versus lignocaine with pethidine to observe the effect on cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. One hundred such elective surgical patients of active age group (16 - 60 years) having American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) physical status I & II irrespective of surgical procedure were randomly assigned to one of the two groups of 50 each. Group I received injection lignocaine 1 mg/kg intravenously 02 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia. Patients in group II received injection pethidine 1 mg/kg body weight and injection lignocaine 1 mg/kg body weight intravenously 02 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia. Haemodynamic parameter i.e. blood pressures (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure), heart rate, rate pressure product were monitored after 1st, 3rd, 5th minutes following intubation. There were statistically significant (p<0.001) increase in blood pressures, heart rate and rate pressure product in group I i.e. pretreatment with 1 mg/kg body weight intravenous lignocaine and remained so after 5 minutes. On the other hand there were no statistically significant (p>0.05) increase in heart rate, blood pressures and rate pressure product in group II, where pretreatment done with pethidine 1 mg/kg body weight with lignocaine 1 mg/kg body weight and the values returned control level before 5 minutes. The study showed that pethidine 1 mg/kg body weight with lignocaine 1 mg/kg body weight pretreatment suppresses the cardiovascular response due to laryngoscopy and intubation. Key words: Cardiovascular response; laryngoscopy; lignocaine with pethidine. DOI: 10.3329/jafmc.v6i2.7274JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 6, No 2 (December) 2010 pp.40-43

Oxygen Fraction Adjustment According to Body Surface Area during Extracorporeal Circulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 098
Author(s):  
Cem Arıtürk ◽  
Serpil Ustalar Özgen ◽  
Behiç Danışan ◽  
Hasan Karabulut ◽  
Fevzi Toraman
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Extracorporeal Circulation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Oxygen Fraction ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

<p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Background:</strong> The inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO<sub>2</sub>) is usually set between 60% and 100% during conventional extracorporeal circulation (ECC). However, this strategy causes partial oxygen pressure (PaO<sub>2</sub>) to reach hyperoxemic levels (&gt;180 mmHg). During anesthetic management of cardiothoracic surgery it is important to keep PaO<sub>2</sub> levels between 80-180 mmHg. The aim of this study was to assess whether adjusting FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in accordance with body temperature and body surface area (BSA) during ECC is an effective method for maintaining normoxemic PaO<sub>2</sub> during cardiac surgery.</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Methods:</strong> After approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Acıbadem, informed consent was given from 60 patients. FiO<sub>2</sub> adjustment strategies applied to the patients in the groups were as follows: FiO<sub>2</sub> levels were set as 0.21 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.21 × BSA + 10 during rewarming in Group I; 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.18 × BSA + 15 during rewarming in Group II; and 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and variable with body temperature during rewarming in Group III. Arterial blood gas values and hemodynamic parameters were recorded before ECC (T1); at the 10th minute of cross clamp (T2); when the esophageal temperature (OT) reached 34°C (T3); when OT reached 36°C (T4); and just before the cessation of ECC (T5).</span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean PaO<sub>2</sub> was significantly higher in Group I than in Group II at T2 and T3 (<em>P</em> = .0001 and <em>P</em> = .0001, respectively); in Group I than in Group III at T1 (<em>P</em> = .02); and in Group II than in Group III at T2, T3, and T4 <br /> (<em>P</em> = .0001 for all). </span></p><p class="p1"><span class="s1"><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adjustment of FiO<sub>2</sub> according to BSA rather than keeping it at a constant level is more appropriate for keeping PaO<sub>2</sub> between safe level limits. However, since oxygen consumption of cells vary with body temperature, it would be appropriate to set FiO<sub>2</sub> levels in concordance with the body temperature in the <br /> rewarming period.</span></p>

Functional adaptation to reduced renal mass in early development

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. F190-F196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Renal Mass ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Functional Adaptation ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
India Ink ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

To determine whether reduced renal mass in the newborn results in acceleration of normal renal development, the response to unilateral nephrectomy (N) before 36 h of age was compared with sham-operated (S) guinea pigs during the period of most rapid nephron maturation. Studies were performed at 7-13 days (group I) and 19-25 days (group II). Mean arterial blood pressure (AP), left kidney glomerular filtration rate (LKGFR), and urine sodium excretion (UNaV) were measured. Superficial single nephron GFR (sSNGFR) and proximal fractional water reabsorption (FRH2O) were measured by micropuncture, and the number of glomeruli (NG) was determined by India ink perfusion. In view of the susceptibility of the neonate to extracellular fluid loss, groups I and II were plasma infused to maintain euvolemia and group II was compared with 19- to 25-day-old hydropenic animals (group III). Increase in body weight with age was unaffected by neonatal N. In group IN, the compensatory increase in sSNGFR was greater than SNGFR for deeper nephrons, which normally contribute most to GFR at this age. In group IIN there was an 80% adaptive increase in LKGFR that could not be entirely explained by the rise in SNGFR. Since NG in group IIN was greater than in group IIS and similar to that in adulthood, the enhanced adaptation in LKGFR in group IIN may be due in part to earlier recruitment of a population of underperfused glomeruli. FRH2O did not change significantly with age and did not differ in N and S groups. Animals in group III developed a rise in hematocrit during the experiment, and AP, LKGFR, and UNaV were lower in group IIIN than in group IIN. It is concluded that following N at birth, the sequence of renal functional maturation is accelerated while glomerulotubular balance is preserved. As a result of these adaptative changes, homeostasis is maintained and body growth proceeds without impairment.

scholarly journals Effects of the regional nerve blockade at the limb reperfusion in pediatric orthopedics

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Olga G. Chekhova ◽  
V. A. Ostanina ◽  
A. H. Shmakov
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Lactate Level ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Main Stage ◽  
Topical Anesthetic ◽  
Nerve Blockade ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Arterial Blood Glucose

Introduction. Arterial tourniquets are widely used to improve visualization of the surgical field and to reduce blood loss . However, the resulting ischemia and subsequent reperfusion make doctors seek for better options to reduce these complications. Objective. To find out how the regional nerve blockade impacts the reperfusion of ischemized limb when arterial tourniquets are removed during orthopedic surgeries in children. Material and methods. In 16 patients, who were operated on at the department of trauma and orthopedics of the Novosibirsk Children ‘s Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care (CCHEMC) , surgical intervention required the application of an arterial tourniquet. These patients became participants in an observational pilot study. Patients with tourniquets were divided into two groups: Group I - had the regional nerve blockade ( 9 patients) and Group II - had no regional nerve blockade (7 patients). Parameters of acid-base homeostasis, lactate and arterial blood glucose were assessed in all patients at all stages: before surgery (stage 1), main stage (stage 2), 5 minutes after the tourniquet removal (stage 3). The following parameters were compared in this work: mean arterial pressure (MAP), mm Hg; heart rate (min-1); concentration of lactate in the arterial blood (mmol/l), glycemia (mmol/l). The obtained findings are presented as median (Me) of lower and upper quartiles [Q25; Q75]. Results. The found dynamics of lactate concentration in participants’ blood was the most significant result of the study. In Group I, where regional anesthesia was used, lactate level decreased at the stage 2 and returned to its baseline at the stage 3. In Group II (without regional anesthesia, but with a powerful central analgesic preparation) , lactate level did not change at stage 2, but significantly increased at stage 3. Conclusion. Topical anesthetic (Ropivakaine), used in the regional nerve blockade during orthopedic surgeries in children when arterial tourniquets are put, has less harmful effects in surgical aggression.

scholarly journals Comparison of Ropivacaine-Fentanyl with Bupivacaine-Fentanyl for Labour Epidural Analgesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Kalpana Kulkarni ◽  
Rahul Patil
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Labour Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Bupivacaine with opioid is commonly used for labour epidural analgesia. Ropivacaine is considered as an alternative to bupivacaine due to its lower cardiovascular complications. However, there is a controversy regarding the efficacy of these drugs as some studies suggest equivalent action, whereas others report that ropivacaine produces less motor blockade. The study aimed to compare the effect of ropivacaine-fentanyl and bupivacaine-fentanyl for labour analgesia. Materials and Methods: The prospective randomized study was performed on 60 parturients, divided into two groups of 30 subjects each. Group I received 10ml of bupivacaine 0.1% + fentanyl 2µg/ml and Group II received 10ml of ropivacaine 0.1% + fentanyl 2µg/ml by epidural catheter. Pre-anaesthetic evaluation was performed on all the participants and all were administered metoclopramide 0.25mg/kg and ondansetron 0.08-0.1mg/kg intravenously as premedication. The baseline and post anaesthesia systolic, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, VAS score, degree of motor block, sedation and APGAR score of the baby were recorded. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: When compared, there was no significant difference in systolic/diastolic blood pressure in two groups except at 360 min where diastolic pressure was low in group II. Significantly higher heart rate at 30 min (P=0.0003), 120 min (0.006), and 300 min (P=0.001) was observed in group I subjects. VAS score was significantly less at 180 min (P=0.019) and 300 min (P=0.019) in group II. Adverse effects such as fetal bradycardia, nausea/vomiting and hypotension observed were clinically insignificance when compared in two groups. Conclusion: Bupivacaine and ropivacaine produce an equal degree of analgesia and hemodynamic stability in 0.1% of concentration when added with 2µg/ml fentanyl . However, heart rate was well maintained with lower VAS scores in group II receiving ropivacaine. No significant difference in the side effects between the two groups. Hence, Ropivacaine can be used as a safe alternative to bupivacaine for labour epidural analgesia.

Renal Denervation Prevents Sodium Retention and Hypertension in Salt-Sensitive Rabbits with Genetic Baroreflex Impairment

1996 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Weinstock ◽  
Elena Gorodetsky ◽  
Ronald Kalman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Renal Denervation ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

1. Rabbits with a genetic impairment in baroreflex control of heart rate become hypertensive on a high salt diet. The present study determined the effect of bilateral renal denervation on blood pressure and sodium balance after salt loading (four times normal intake; 28–36 mEq NaCl/day) in normotensive rabbits with high (Group I) and low (Group II) baroreflex sensitivity, respectively. 2. Eight rabbits in each group were denervated or sham-denervated 1 week before commencement of the high salt diet. Before operation, the two groups differed only in the gain of their cardiac baroreflex (Group I, −6.4 ± 0.4 beats min−1 mmHg−1; Group II, −3.2 ± 0.15 beats min−1 mmHg−1). 3. In Group I sham-denervated rabbits, mean arterial pressure remained unchanged, and plasma renin activity and heart rate fell significantly in response to the high salt. In Group II sham-denervated rabbits, mean arterial pressure increased by 10.6 ± 1.2 mmHg, and heart rate and plasma renin activity remained unchanged. Their cumulative Na+ retention and weight gain was more than twice that of Group I sham-denervated rabbits. 4. Renal denervation decreased plasma renin activity in both groups to <1 pmol Ang I h−1 ml−1, lowered cumulative Na+ retention from 102 ± 4 to 35 ± 5 mEq (P<0.01) and completely prevented the increase in mean arterial pressure in response to high salt in Group II. 5. The results suggest that Group II rabbits retain salt and fluid in response to their diet because of an abnormality in their control of renal nerve activity, possibly via vagal afferents. This results in blood pressure elevation because of an inability to lower peripheral resistance and heart rate in response to the increase in cardiac output. 6. Since they display several of the characteristics of salt-sensitive hypertensive humans, i.e. salt retention, normal plasma renin activity, but abnormal regulation of plasma renin activity and blood flow in response to salt loading, Group II are an appropriate model of human salt-induced hypertension.

Efficacy of Computer-Assisted Management of Respiratory Failure in Neonates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waldemar A. Carlo ◽  
Lucia Pacifico ◽  
Robert L. Chatburn ◽  
Avroy A. Fanaroff
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Assisted Management

We modified an algorithm for mechanical ventilation of infants with respiratory distress syndrome to create an interactive user-friendly computer program. To determine the effectiveness of this computer program, we evaluated the correction of deranged arterial blood gases in three groups of neonates: group I, treated before the introduction of the computer into the nursery; group II, managed by pediatric residents with the guidance of the computer program; group III, treated after the introduction of the computer into the nursery but managed without consideration of the computer output. Arterial blood gas values improved more frequently in the neonates managed with computer consultation (group II, 65/75, 87%) than in both control groups (group I, 37/57, 65%, P &lt; .005; and group III, 46/63, 73%, P &lt; .05). Furthermore, increases in ventilatory support in the presence of normal arterial blood gas values occurred only in patients managed without computer guidance. In a teaching institution, more effective care of neonates with respiratory failure may be facilitated by computer-assisted management of mechanical ventilators.

Study on Comparison Between Lignocaine and Lignocaine-Xylazine on Caudal Epidural Injection on Fogera Breed Cow in Gondar University Dairy Farm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endalkachew hailu ◽  
Gashaw Kasse
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Epidural Anesthesia ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Caudal Epidural

Abstract Background: Caudal epidural anesthesia commonly utilized in veterinary practice to allow diagnostic, obstetrical, and surgical interventions in the perineal region of cows. An experimental study conducted on epidural anesthesia from October 2018 to March 2019 on 6 cows with repeated treatments after one week by two groups of anesthetic drugs. Methods and materias First Lignocaine is given for Group-I of cows in the first intercoccygeal space and then the same animals after one week injected Lignocaine-Xylazine together in the intercoccygeal space. The Clinical-physiological parameters such as the onset of analgesia, duration of analgesia, ataxia, sedation, heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature between the two groups studied by compression. Finally, the significance of the change in the study unit between Lignocaine and Lignocaine-Xylazine analyzed according to SPSS version 19 for t-test and P-value <0.05 taken as statistically significant. Results: There was no significant change that appeared between the onset of analgesia of Lignocaine (4.3±0.6min) alone and Lignocaine-Xylazine (4.9±1.1min) injection together (t=1.17; P>0.05). This indicates that the addition of Xylazine to Lignocaine does not significantly delay the onset of anesthesia. However, there was a significant difference observed in the duration of analgesia between two groups (t=13.2; P<0.05) with Lignocaine-Xylazine (259.5±12.38min) longer duration than Lignocaine alone (84±4.05min). This indicates that Lignocaine and Xylazine have an additive effect on the duration of analgesia. In the case of physiological parameters, there were significant variations in heart rate (t=7.5; P<0.05) with Group II cows lower in heart rate than Group I cows. Statistically, a significant difference was also observed on respiratory rate (t=2.13; P<0.05) in which the addition of Xylazine on Lignocaine significantly lower breathing rate than Lignocaine injection alone. Finally, on rectal temperature, there was no statistically significant difference appeared (t=1.7; P>0.005) with rectal temperature in Group I cows (0.15± 0.28 OC) and in Group II cows (0.9±0.31 OC) which indicate that addition of Xylazine to Lignocaine lower rectal temperature similar to Lignocaine injection alone. Mild ataxia was observed in three groups I, cows, and there was no sedation and salivation noted at all. In Group II, cows mild to severe ataxia, deep sedation, salivation, and falling observed. In both groups, there was no anesthetic complication during epidural analgesia and after recovery noted.Conclusion: generally this study showed that, combination of Lignocaine and Xylazine have an additive effect on the duration and quality of analgesia.

scholarly journals Fentanyl Pretreatment Modifies Anaesthetic Induction with Etomidate

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stockham ◽  
T. H. Stanley ◽  
N. L. Pace ◽  
S. Gillmor ◽  
F. Groen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Anaesthetic Induction ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Group I ◽  
Haemodynamic Changes ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia ◽  
Fentanyl Group

Haemodynamic changes and side-effects of induction of anaesthesia with etomidate were evaluated in 60 ASA Class I or II patients. The objective was to find an optimal pre-induction dose of fentanyl which eliminated haemodynamic changes and side-effects during induction and intubation without introducing other problems. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups according to the pretreatment dose of fentanyl (Group I= 2 ml normal saline; Group II= 100 μg of fentanyl; Group III= 250μg of fentanyl; Group IV = 500 μg of fentanyl) administered intravenously five minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia with etomidate, 0.3 mg/kg. There was an increasing incidence of apnoea (53, 87, 87 and 100% in Groups I-IV respectively) and a decreasing incidence of myoclonus (60, 33, 13 and 0% in Groups I-IV respectively) and injection pain (53, 13, 7 and 0% in Groups I-IV respectively), P< 0.002 chi-square test for linear trends, with increasing fentanyl dosage. The incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting were similar in the four groups. There were also significant linear regression relationships (P< 0.01 ANOVA for linear regression) between increasing doses of fentanyl administered before etomidate and the prevention of increases in systolic blood pressure and heart rate during the induction-intubation sequence. The data demonstrate that increasing pre-induction doses of fentanyl are more effective at minimising side-effects and preventing increases in systolic arterial blood pressure and heart rate but also increase the incidence of apnoea during induction. The results suggest that 500 μg of fentanyl is an ideal pretreatment dose in fit patients prior to anaesthetic induction with etomidate.

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