scholarly journals The economic value of tropical forests in meeting global climate stabilization goals

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Fuss ◽  
Alexander Golub ◽  
Ruben Lubowski
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Climate Stability ◽  
Policy Cost ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change

Non-technical summary Conserving tropical forests has many benefits, from protecting biodiversity, sustaining indigenous and local communities, and safeguarding climate. To achieve the ambitious climate goals of the Paris Agreement, forest protection is essential. Yet deforestation continues to diminish the world's forests. Halting this trend is the objective of the international framework for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+). While previous studies have demonstrated the contribution of tropical forests to mitigate climate change, here we show that tropical forest protection can ‘flatten the curve’ of the costs of transition to climate stability, estimating tens of trillions of dollars in policy cost savings.

scholarly journals Non-deforestation drivers of fires are increasingly important sources of aerosol and carbon dioxide emissions across Amazonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Morgan ◽  
Eoghan Darbyshire ◽  
Dominick V. Spracklen ◽  
Paulo Artaxo ◽  
Hugh Coe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Deforestation Rates ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
In Fire

AbstractDeforestation rates have declined substantially across the Brazilian Legal Amazon (BLA) over the period from 2000–2017. However, reductions in fire, aerosol and carbon dioxide have been far less significant than deforestation, even when accounting for inter-annual variability in precipitation. Our observations and analysis support a decoupling between fire and deforestation that has exacerbated forest degradation in the BLA. Basing aerosol and carbon dioxide emissions on deforestation rates, without accounting for forest degradation will bias these important climate and ecosystem-health parameters low, both now and in the future. Recent increases in deforestation rate since 2014 will enhance such degradation, particularly during drought-conditions, increasing emissions of aerosol and greenhouse gases. Given Brazil’s committed Nationally Determined Contribution under the Paris Agreement, failure to account for forest degradation fires will paint a false picture of prior progress and potentially have profound implications for both regional and global climate.

Obligations to Reduce Emissions: From the Oslo Principles to Enterprises

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tort Law ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Central Pillar ◽  
Domestic Law

AbstractThe release of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) by the activities of humans is a major contributor to current global climate change. A major environmental catastrophe caused by this climate change will be averted only if the emission of GHGs are drastically reduced. Attempts have been made to reach international agreements among nations to achieve this, but these attempts, of which the Paris Agreement is the most recent, appear to be inadequate and ineffective. A group of scholars, the Oslo group, therefore asked the question whether more comprehensive obligations that bind states and enterprises could be deduced from other sources of law. The attempts to answer these questions have culminated in the Oslo Principles on Global Climate Change Obligations. The basic methodology that was followed in drafting the Oslo Principles is described. The Oslo group concluded that several concrete obligations to mitigate climate change could be stated by reference to international and domestic law. Particular attention is given in this contribution to tort law as a basis for mitigation obligations in the Oslo Principles but some attention is also given to other areas of law. The central pillar of the Oslo Principles is the primary mitigation obligation, which according to the Principles, is imposed on states. The ambit and nature of this obligation are described. Finally, it is acknowledged that the Oslo Principles only describe rudimentary obligations on enterprises and that it is both difficult and necessary to set out mitigation obligations that can be imposed on enterprises. The contribution finally proposes that the ideas behind the Oslo Principles and United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights can be utilised in devising basic mitigation obligations for enterprises.

Long-term potential for tropical-forest degradation due to deforestation and fires in the Brazilian Amazon

Biologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Cardoso ◽  
Carlos Nobre ◽  
Gilvan Sampaio ◽  
Marina Hirota ◽  
Dalton Valeriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Fire Activity ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation

AbstractBiome models of the global climate-vegetation relationships indicate that most of the Brazilian Amazon has potential for being covered by tropical forests. From current land-use processes observed in the region, however, substantial deforestation and fire activity have been verified in large portions of the region, particularly along the Arc of Deforestation. In a first attempt to evaluate the long-term potential for tropical-forest degradation due to deforestation and fires in the Brazilian Amazon, we analysed large-scale data on fire activity and climate factors that drive the distribution of tropical forests in the region. The initial analyses and results from this study lead to important details on the relations between these quantities and have important implications for building future parameterizations of the vulnerability of tropical forests in the region.

Economic value analysis of mangrove forest ecosystems in Sorong, West Papua Province

2014 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Roger R Tabalessy
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The People ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Mangrove Wood

Coastal areas can either meet the human needs or give great contribution to the development. However, rapid infrastrural development in Sorong, west Papua, has been followed by high demand for mangrove timber and caused mangrove forest degradation due to exploitation. This exploitation could also result from high economic value of the mangrove timber. This study was done to analyze the economic value of mangrove wood utilized by the people to support the development process in Sorong. This study used primary data obtained through interviews and the economic value calculation of mangrove forests. It found that Sorong had mangrove economic value of IDR 165,197,833, 491. Wilayah pesisir selain dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup manusia juga memberikan kontribusi yang besar bagi pembangunan. Cepatnya pembangunan infrastruktur di Kota Sorong diikuti pula dengan tingginya permintaan akan kayu mangrove dan menyebabkan terjadinya degradasi hutan mangrove akibat eksploitasi. Eksploitasi ini disebabkan juga akibat kayu mangrove memiliki nilai ekonomi. Penelitian yang dilakukan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai ekonomi kayu mangrove yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Kota Sorong dalam proses menunjang pembangunan. Penelitian ini menggunakkan data primer yang diperoleh melalui hasil wawancara dan perhitungan nilai ekonomi hutan mangrove. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai ekonomi ekosistem hutan mangrove yang berada di Kota Sorong adalah Rp165.197.833.491.

Garden Plants under Global Climate Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 937 ◽  
pp. 663-668
Author(s):  
Qiu Jing Li ◽  
Xiao Li Hou ◽  
Li Xue ◽  
Hong Yue Chen ◽  
Yun Ting Hao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Garden Plants ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Impact

Climate change refers to man-made changes in our climate, which is caused by changes in temperature, precipitation, and CO2. There is a lot of data coming from all over the world indicating that phenology of garden plants and biodiversity are being impacted by climate change. In the context of climate change, landscape plants can enhance carbon sink function, improve plant design, and mitigate climate change and so on. To determine the impact of these changes on garden plants, scientists would need to strengthen the study of garden plants under global climate change, including different garden type responses to climate change, invaliding species phenology study, extreme weather impacts on landscape plant phenology, the dominant factor of affecting garden plants in different regions, interactions of multiple environmental factors on influence mechanism of garden plants.

scholarly journals Assessment of the current environmental status in the Phu Quy district, Binh Thuan province using sustainable development indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. first
Author(s):  
Pham Viet Hai ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Hoang Long ◽  
Nguyen Thi Diem Thuy ◽  
Le Hoang Anh ◽  
Dao Nguyen Khoi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Development Indicators ◽  
Main Components

The objective of this study was to develop a set of sustainable development indicators on environmental aspects and apply them to assess the level of environmental sustainability in Phu Quy district, Binh Thuan province. The set of sustainable development indicators was built based on the screening of indicators from some previous studies, as well as developing new indicators to match the research area. The indicators were then be grouped into topics based on the United Nations' 17 sustainable development goals to 2030. In terms of environment, the set of sustainable development indicators includeed 6 topics (main components), 19 indicators (sub-components), of which 6 new indicators were researched and developed for the island and sea area. The result showed that the level of environmental sustainability of the Phu Quy district was good (0.846). In addition, the results showed that the local environmental aspects attained levels of sustainability. Accordingly, main components including clean water - sanitation (MT1), habitat (MT3), natural disaster prevention (MT4) and ocean conservation - sustainable use (MT5) reached the good level of sustainability and tend to keep stable. While sustainable energy (MT2) and forest protection and development (MT6) are quite sustainable. However, the MT6 component tended to decrease that indicated the forest degradation and the impacts on environmental sustainability in Phu Quy district in the future.

scholarly journals Effect of disturbance on plant species abundance and density distribution in tropical forest of Sunsari district, Eastern Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tilak Prasad Gautam ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Shrub Species

The disappearance of global tropical forests due to deforestation and forest degradation has reduced the biodiversity and carbon sequestration capacity. In these contexts, present study was carried out to understand the species composition and density in the undisturbed and disturbed stands of moist tropical forest located in Sunsari district of eastern Nepal. Study revealed that the forest disturbance has reduced the number of tree species by 33% and tree density by 50%. In contrary, both number and density of herb and shrub species have increased with forest disturbance.

scholarly journals Peanut Productivity Under The Albizia Stand With Agroforestry System In Community Forest, Magetan East Java Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Anang Susanto ◽  
M Winarni ◽  
Parwi
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Opinion Change ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Forest Fire Prevention

An effort to meet the national food need is by utilizing productive forest areas under albizia stands. Food stuff such as peanuts can grow under albizia forest stands. The purpose of this research was to know success of agroforestry system implemented to tree after initial release of contract. This study was conducted under albizia stand of state forest Magetan in East Java. Research design was used in this study was randomized block design. 5- year- old albizia stages with 0%, 25%, 50 % trimming intensity with plant spacing of   3 m x 4 m, Albizia trees that used for this comparison as many as 90 albizia trees. Results showed that soil lies under 5-year-old albizia trees still produced peanut with highest weights 129 g/m and lowest weight 117 g/m2 while highest biomass about 115.10 g and lowest biomass about 98.23 g. Application of agroforestry system under 5-year-old albizia stand is still good and intensive, creating work, improving social welfare, local community opinion change into positive perceptions for forestry development, forest protection, forest fire prevention, reducing rapid forest degradation and environmental quality conservation of forest areas.

scholarly journals Indonesian Policy in Ratifying The 2015 Paris Agreement

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Haekal - Siraj
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The World

 The 2015 Paris Agreement requires all participating countries to reduce emisson level. Indonesia as Non-Annex I accepted the norms of the 2015 Paris Agreement by ratifying this agreement. Meanwhile, Indonesia's emissions level continues to increase due to the rate of deforestation and forest degradation in Indonesia which ranks highest in the world. This study aims to analyze Indonesian policy in ratifying the agreement by using the Constructivism Perspective in explaining the International Regime and the Concept of Norm Influence by Finnemore and Sikkink. The study uses qualitative methods with explanatory designs. Data collection techniques are sourced from secondary sources as well as data analysis techniques carried out by reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions as well as verification. This study found that the United States as a hegemonic state acting as the norm entrepreneurs by granting climate change financial assistance of $500 million through the GCF for Indonesia as a developing country was a condition affecting Indonesia in ratifying the agreement. Keywords: Indonesia, ratify, 2015 Paris Agreement, norm, climate change.

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