Analysis mixed characterization of Kalimantan coal and mangrove wood charcoal character as briquette raw material

This study using three types of coal from East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi Mangrove Wood Charcoal which consisted of various compositions. In sample analysis using analysis, namely: proximate, ultimate, and calorific value. Proximate analysis: ash content, volatile matter, moisture content, fixed carbon; ultimate analysis: carbon and sulfur content and the calorific value using the bomb calorimeter method. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the fixed carbon content was obtained in the mixture of MWC 75% + KJA 25% = 52.45%, while the lowest was obtained at IC 100% = 32.86%; The highest volatile matter was obtained at KJA 100% = 44.23%, the lowest was at MWC 75% + KJA 25% = 31.90%, the highest ash content was IC 100% = 9.14% the lowest was at MWC 75% + KJA 25% = 5.94% and the highest moisture content was seen at IC 100% = 15.17% but MWC 75% + IC 25% = 9.52%. The results of the ultimate analysis showed that the lowest sulfur content was in the mixed variation of MWC 75% + KJA 25% = 0.168%, while the highest sulfur content was obtained at IC 100% = 0.874%. However, it was still in the low sulfur category <1. The highest calorific value is obtained by varying the composition at MWC 75% + IC 25% = 5919 cal/gram, while the lowest was obtained at KJA 100% = 4913 cal/gram. So based on this research, the addition of mangrove charcoal is very good for increasing the calorific value.

Working Value in Local Knowledge of Akit Berancah Tribe, Bengkalis District

Local knowledge of the Akit tribe community in utilizing nature has a trade-off between the nature of fulfilling the needs of life and the conditions of natural sustainability, the Akit Tribe of Berancah village utilizes mangrove forest as their livelihood as a supplier of Mangrove wood to Panglong Charcoal. Using qualitative-descriptive methods, this research involved 6 informants namely the Akit Tribe community and 4 key informants including Batin. Through interviews with research subjects in Berancah village, Bengkalis Regency, it shows that the local knowledge of the Akit Tribe community based on the value orientation concept has its own definitions according to local aspects. It has a relationship in the pattern of acting in the face of nature, therefore it is necessary to focus on local knowledge, especially in intrinsic values regarding to the work that is very closely related to the existence of mangrove forests, for their using of mangrove wood wisely brings the preservation of forests in coastal areas to be well maintained. Bengkalis Regency, it shows that the local knowledge of the Akit Tribe community based on the value orientation concept has its own definitions according to local aspects. It has a relationship in the pattern of acting in the face of nature, therefore it is necessary to focus on local knowledge, especially in intrinsic values regarding to the work that is very closely related to the existence of mangrove forests, for their using of mangrove wood wisely brings the preservation of forests in coastal areas to be well maintained. Bengkalis Regency, it shows that the local knowledge of the Akit Tribe community based on the value orientation concept has its own definitions according to local aspects. It has a relationship in the pattern of acting in the face of nature, therefore it is necessary to focus on local knowledge, especially in intrinsic values regarding to the work that is very closely related to the existence of mangrove forests, for their using of mangrove wood wisely brings the preservation of forests in coastal areas to be well maintained.

EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN KARBON AKTIF ARANG KAYU BAKAU DALAM PROSES FILTRASI AIR GAMBUT

Peat water can cause diseases such as cholera, hepatitis, dysentery, skin and eye diseases, and digestive diseases. Peat water is source water that is used daily needed by society in Segomeng. Mangrove wood is a material that can be used in the process of water purification because it can be used as activated charcoal which is a carbon compound, which is produced from a material that contains carbon. The research purpose is to know whether activated carbon of mangrove wood charcoal can be a medium of peat water filtering into clean water. This research type is the experiment and the design of this research uses Complete Random Design with some treatment which is arranged randomly for all experimental units. The different treatments are given, among others, using slow sand filtration and clay soil as a coagulant, using a slow sand filter with activated charcoal added mangrove wood with a thickness of 10 cm, and with a thickness of 15 cm. The results showed filtration with the addition of activated charcoal from mangrove wood with a thickness of 15 cm in getting the best results, can increase the pH value and is expected to improve the water quality of the acidic, odor-free, reducing taste, and the rapid filtration process that is 10 minutes. The conclusion is that the addition of activated carbon from mangrove wood charcoal is quite effective in the process of peat water filtration and can improve physical quality of water. The Suggestion is,should be measured of physical, chemical and biological character of peat water before and after filtration process.and also measurement of absorption of activated carbon of charcoal of mangrove wood before used as absorbent in filtration process

A survey of marine fungi on wood in South Australia

A survey of driftwood and mangrove wood in South Australia revealed a high diversity of marine fungi. Across eight sites there were 43 species of marine fungi, of which 42 are new records for South Australia, 11 new records for Australia and 12 taxa currently of uncertain status likely to be new species. Sites had distinctive species compositions with the largest difference attributable to substrate type (beach driftwood vs. mangrove wood). However, even between mangrove sites, species assemblages were distinctly different with only the more common species occurring at all mangrove sites. More intensive surveys across a broader range of habitats and geographic locations should reveal significantly more species.

Gut and intestinal biometrics of the giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis, fed an experimental diet with difference sources of activated charcoal

Background: The giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis, is a commercially important marine fish in Indonesia. This species was initially cultured in Aceh Province. Previous reports showed that charcoal has a positive effect on survival and feed utilization of the giant trevally. However, the effects of adding charcoal to the diet on gut and intestine biometrics has, to our knowledge, never been described. Methods: Four activated charcoal sources were tested in this study using a completely randomized experimental design; coconut shell charcoal, mangrove wood charcoal, rice husk charcoal, and kernel palm shell charcoal. All treatments were performed with four replications. Juvenile giant trevally (average body weight, 16.52 ± 3.12 g; and average total length, 10.26 ± 0.64 cm) were stocked into the experimental tank at a density of 15 fish per tank. The fish were fed an experimental diet twice daily at 7 AM and 5 PM ad satiation for 42 days. Results: Analysis of variance showed that adding charcoal to the diet had significant effects on the length and width of the foveola gastrica and villous intestine (P < 0.05). The greatest length and width of the foveola gastrica was recorded in fish fed an experimental diet of rice husk charcoal with average values of 311.811 ± 9.869 µm and 241.786 ± 10.394 µm, respectively. The greatest length of intestinal villous was found in fish fed the mangrove wood charcoal diet, with a value of 135.012 ± 5.147 µm, but this length was not significantly different to that in fish fed rice charcoal and kernel palm shell charcoal. However, the greatest width of intestinal villous was recorded in fish fed the control diet (without charcoal; P < 0.05). Conclusion: The optimal sizes of the foveola gastrica and villous intestine were found in fish fed an experimental diet with rice husk charcoal.

Sporormiella grandispora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

A description is provided for Sporormiella grandispora, a dung-inhabiting fungus, which is also known to occur as an endophyte of plants on gypsum and saline soils, and on mangrove wood. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Africa (Morocco), North America (Canada (Ontario), USA (Colorado, Utah, Washington, Wyoming)), South America (Argentina, Falkland Islands/Malvinas), Asia (India (Tamil Nadu)), Atlantic Ocean (Ascension Island, Spain (Canary Islands), St Helena), Australasia (Australia (South Australia)), Europe (Belgium, Denmark (including Faroe Islands), France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Lithuania, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK)).

Gut and intestinal biometrics of the giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis, fed an experimental diet with difference sources of activated charcoal

Background: The giant trevally, Caranx ignobilis, is a commercially important marine fish in Indonesia. This species was initially cultured in Aceh Province. Previous reports showed that charcoal has a positive effect on survival and feed utilization of the giant trevally. However, the effects of adding charcoal to the diet on gut and intestine biometrics has, to our knowledge, never been described. Methods: Four activated charcoal sources were tested in this study using a completely randomized experimental design; coconut shell charcoal, mangrove wood charcoal, rice husk charcoal, and kernel palm shell charcoal. All treatments were performed with four replications. Juvenile giant trevally (average body weight, 16.52 ± 3.12 g; and average total length, 10.26 ± 0.64 cm) were stocked into the experimental tank at a density of 15 fish per tank. The fish were fed an experimental diet twice daily at 7 AM and 5 PM ad satiation for 42 days. Results: Analysis of variance showed that adding charcoal to the diet had significant effects on the length and width of the foveola gastrica and villous intestine (P < 0.05). The greatest length and width of the foveola gastrica was recorded in fish fed an experimental diet of rice husk charcoal with average values of 311.811 ± 9.869 µm and 241.786 ± 10.394 µm, respectively. The greatest length of intestinal villous was found in fish fed the mangrove wood charcoal diet, with a value of 135.012 ± 5.147 µm, but this length was not significantly different to that in fish fed rice charcoal and kernel palm shell charcoal. However, the greatest width of intestinal villous was recorded in fish fed the control diet (without charcoal; P < 0.05). Conclusion: The optimal sizes of the foveola gastrica and villous intestine were found in fish fed an experimental diet with rice husk charcoal.

TISSUE EQUIVALENT MATERIALS FROM SPC-SPI/NAOH/IA-PAE BONDED MANGROVE WOOD CHARACTERIZED FOR RADIATION THERAPY DOSIMETRY

This research focuses on dosimetric measurements in bio-based tissue equivalent phantom materials, designed using soy protein concentrate (SPC), soy protein isolate (SPI), Rhizophora spp. wood, sodium hydroxide, and itaconic acid polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin resin with an ionization chamber and GafchromicTH EBT3 film dosimeters. The measurements were performed under exposure to 6 MV and 10 MV photon, and 6 MeV and 15 MeV electron beams. The particleboard samples were exposed to a dose of 100 cGy and 10 x 10 cm2 field size at a source-to-surface distance of 100 cm. The dosimeters were irradiated at measurement depths of 1.5, 2.5 and 3.0 cm, respectively, inside the phantom slabs. The particleboards presented superior physical and mechanical properties. The dose measurements revealed excellent agreement with that of water and solid water phantoms. In addition, comparison between the measured dosimetric properties is well within 2%, 2%, 10% and 5.5% for 6 MV, 6 MeV, 10 MV and 15 MeV energies of the maximum dose for the field size tested. This study had successfully shown that SPC-SPI/NaOH/IA-PAE bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards are promising tissue equivalent phantom materials with merit for medical applications.