scholarly journals CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 Variants and Level of Neuroticism in Young Adult Mexican American Men and Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Criado ◽  
Ian R. Gizer ◽  
Howard J. Edenberg ◽  
Cindy L. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
American Young Adults

A lifetime history of alcohol dependence has been associated with elevations in neuroticism in Mexican American young adults. The identification of genetic markers associated with neuroticism and their influence on the development of alcohol use disorders (AUD) may contribute to our understanding of the relationship between personality traits and the increased risk of AUD in Mexican Americans. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between neuroticism and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR) α5-subunit (CHRNA5) and α3-subunit (CHRNA3) genes in young adult Mexican American men and women. Participants were 465 young adult Mexican American men and women who are literate in English and are residing legally in San Diego County. Each participant gave a blood sample and completed a structured diagnostic interview. Neuroticism was assessed using the Maudsley Personality Inventory. The minor alleles of four CHRNA5 polymorphisms (rs588765, rs601079, rs680244 and rs555018) and three CHRNA3 polymorphisms (rs578776, rs6495307 and rs3743078) showed associations with neuroticism. Several of these SNPs also displayed nominal associations with DSM-IV alcohol and nicotine dependence, but tests of mediation suggested that these relations could be partially explained by the presence of co-occurring neuroticism. These findings suggest that genetic variations in nicotinic receptor genes may influence the development of neuroticism, which in turn is involved in the development of AUDs and nicotine dependence in Mexican American young adults.

scholarly journals Obesity in American Indian and Mexican American Men and Women: Associations with Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Autonomic Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Criado ◽  
David A. Gilder ◽  
Mary A. Kalafut ◽  
Cindy L. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
American Indian ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Autonomic Control ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Autonomic Control

Obesity is a serious public health problem, especially in some minority communities, and it has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. While obesity is a serious health concern in both American Indian and Mexican American populations, the relationship between obesity and cardiac autonomic control in these two populations is not well understood. The present study in a selected sample of American Indians and Mexican Americans assessed associations between obesity, blood pressure (BP), and cardiovascular autonomic control. Cardiovascular autonomic control, systolic and diastolic mean BP, and body mass index were obtained from one hundred thirty-two American Indian and Mexican American men and women who are literate in English and are residing legally in San Diego County. Men had a significant greater systolic and diastolic BP and were more likely to develop systolic prehypertension and hypertension than women. Obese participants showed greater mean heart rate (HR) and systolic and diastolic BP than nonobese participants. Obese men also exhibited greater cardiac sympathetic activity and lower cardiovagal control than obese women. These results suggest that obesity and gender differences in cardiovascular autonomic control may contribute to risk for cardiovascular disorders in this sample of American Indians and Mexican Americans.

scholarly journals Country of origin, age of drinking onset, and drinking patterns among Mexican American young adults

2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Strunin ◽  
Erika M. Edwards ◽  
Dionne C. Godette ◽  
Timothy Heeren
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
American Young Adults

Endorsements by Mexican-Americans of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Cross-Ethnic Comparison

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Sugihara ◽  
Judith A. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
American Women ◽  
Significant Difference

Gender-related personality traits among Mexican-American men and women were examined. The sample consisted of 307 Mexican-Americans (150 women, 157 men) in a predominantly Mexican and Mexican-American community in South Texas. Mexican-American men scored significantly higher than the women on eight masculine items, whereas Mexican-American women scored higher than the men on four feminine items. A comparison between the scores of Mexican-Americans on the Bern Sex-Role Inventory with those of the original sample in the inventory's manual showed that the scores for the Masculinity and Femininity subscales for both Mexican-American men and women were not significantly different from those of the original sample. A significant difference, however, was found on some of the items of the inventory. Analysis also indicated that more Mexican-American men were categorized as Feminine and Androgynous than were non-Hispanic Euro-American males in the original sample. Among Mexican-American women there were more individuals classified as Masculine and Undifferentiated and a lower percentage as Feminine than among the original sample. Implications and recommendations based on the results are discussed.

scholarly journals A Metabolomic Analysis of the Sex-Dependent Hispanic Paradox

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Patterson ◽  
Xiaojian Shi ◽  
William Bresette ◽  
Ryan Eghlimi ◽  
Sarah Atlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Hispanic Paradox ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tyrosine Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

In Mexican Americans, metabolic conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), are not necessarily associated with an increase in mortality; this is the so-called Hispanic paradox. In this cross-sectional analysis, we used a metabolomic analysis to look at the mechanisms behind the Hispanic paradox. To do this, we examined dietary intake and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) in men and women and their effects on serum metabolomic fingerprints in 70 Mexican Americans (26 men, 44 women). Although having different BMI values, the participants had many similar anthropometric and biochemical parameters, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, which supported the paradox in these subjects. Plasma metabolomic phenotypes were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A two-way ANOVA assessing sex, BMI, and the metabolome revealed 23 significant metabolites, such as 2-pyrrolidinone (p = 0.007), TMAO (p = 0.014), 2-aminoadipic acid (p = 0.019), and kynurenine (p = 0.032). Pathway and enrichment analyses discovered several significant metabolic pathways between men and women, including lysine degradation, tyrosine metabolism, and branch-chained amino acid (BCAA) degradation and biosynthesis. A log-transformed OPLS-DA model was employed and demonstrated a difference due to BMI in the metabolomes of both sexes. When stratified for caloric intake (<2200 kcal/d vs. >2200 kcal/d), a separate OPLS-DA model showed clear separation in men, while females remained relatively unchanged. After accounting for caloric intake and BMI status, the female metabolome showed substantial resistance to alteration. Therefore, we provide a better understanding of the Mexican-American metabolome, which may help demonstrate how this population—particularly women—possesses a longer life expectancy despite several comorbidities, and reveal the underlying mechanisms of the Hispanic paradox.

Vascular Depression and Cognition in Mexican Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh Ann Johnson ◽  
Stephanie Ellen Large ◽  
Haydee Izurieta Munoz ◽  
James Richard Hall ◽  
Sid E. O’Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Comorbid Depression ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Normal Controls

Background: Mexican Americans are at increased risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease compared to non-Hispanic whites. This study sought to examine the relationship between vascular risk, depression, and cognition in Mexican American elders. Methods: Data from 470 (390 normal controls, 80 MCI patients) Mexican Americans enrolled in the Health and Aging Brain among Latino Elders (HABLE) study were used. The cardiovascular risk was assessed by the Framingham Risk Score. Cognition was assessed with a neuropsychological battery, and depression was assessed based on scores from the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). ANOVAs were utilized to determine the differences in neuropsychological scores of normal controls with and without depression and CVD risk (low vs. high). Follow-up logistic regression was conducted to determine MCI risk. Results: The results of this study indicated that comorbid depression and a high CVD risk were associated with poorer cognitive performance in Mexican Americans. Depressed women with high CVD risk were more likely to have executive dysfunction, language deficits, and poorer global cognition than nondepressed women with a high CVD risk. In Mexican American men, those with a high vascular risk and depression were more likely to have executive dysfunction and poorer immediate memory than the nondepressed high-risk group. Higher GDS scores (OR = 1.10; 95% CI 1.02–1.10, p = 0.001) and higher vascular risk scores (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.02–1.10, p = 0.001) significantly predicted MCI status in Mexican Americans. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that comorbid depression and a high CVD risk were associated with poorer cognitive performance and increased risk of MCI in Mexican Americans.

scholarly journals Depression, inflammation, and memory loss among Mexican Americans: analysis of the HABLE cohort

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1693-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leigh A. Johnson ◽  
Melissa Edwards ◽  
Adriana Gamboa ◽  
James Hall ◽  
Michelle Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Meso Scale Discovery ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
List Learning

ABSTRACTBackground:This study explored the combined impact of depression and inflammation on memory functioning among Mexican-American adults and elders.Methods:Data were analyzed from 381 participants of the Health and Aging Brain study among Latino Elders (HABLE). Fasting serum samples were collected and assayed in duplicate using electrochemiluminesce on the SECTOR Imager 2400A from Meso Scale Discovery. Positive DepE (depression endophenotype) was codified as any score >1 on a five-point scale based on the GDS-30. Inflammation was determined by TNFα levels and categorized by tertiles (1st, 2nd, 3rd). WMS-III LMI and LMII as well as CERAD were utilized as measures of memory. ANOVAs examined group differences between positive DepE and inflammation tertiles with neuropsychological scale scores as outcome variables. Logistic regressions were used to examine level of inflammation and DepE positive status on the risk for MCI.Results:Positive DepE as well as higher inflammation were both independently found to be associated with lower memory scores. Among DepE positive, those who were high in inflammation (3rd tertile) were found to perform significantly worse on WMS-III LM I (F = 4.75, p = 0.003), WMS-III LM II (F = 8.18, p < 0.001), and CERAD List Learning (F = 17.37, p < 0.001) when compared to those low on inflammation (1st tertile). The combination of DepE positive and highest tertile of inflammation was associated with increased risk for MCI diagnosis (OR = 6.06; 95% CI = 3.9–11.2, p < 0.001).Conclusion:Presence of elevated inflammation and positive DepE scores increased risk for worse memory among Mexican-American older adults. Additionally, the combination of DepE and high inflammation was associated with increased risk for MCI diagnosis. This work suggests that depression and inflammation are independently associated with worse memory among Mexican-American adults and elders; however, the combination of both increases risk for poorer memory beyond either alone.

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