scholarly journals A Metabolomic Analysis of the Sex-Dependent Hispanic Paradox

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Patterson ◽  
Xiaojian Shi ◽  
William Bresette ◽  
Ryan Eghlimi ◽  
Sarah Atlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Hispanic Paradox ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Tyrosine Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

In Mexican Americans, metabolic conditions, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), are not necessarily associated with an increase in mortality; this is the so-called Hispanic paradox. In this cross-sectional analysis, we used a metabolomic analysis to look at the mechanisms behind the Hispanic paradox. To do this, we examined dietary intake and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) in men and women and their effects on serum metabolomic fingerprints in 70 Mexican Americans (26 men, 44 women). Although having different BMI values, the participants had many similar anthropometric and biochemical parameters, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol, which supported the paradox in these subjects. Plasma metabolomic phenotypes were measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A two-way ANOVA assessing sex, BMI, and the metabolome revealed 23 significant metabolites, such as 2-pyrrolidinone (p = 0.007), TMAO (p = 0.014), 2-aminoadipic acid (p = 0.019), and kynurenine (p = 0.032). Pathway and enrichment analyses discovered several significant metabolic pathways between men and women, including lysine degradation, tyrosine metabolism, and branch-chained amino acid (BCAA) degradation and biosynthesis. A log-transformed OPLS-DA model was employed and demonstrated a difference due to BMI in the metabolomes of both sexes. When stratified for caloric intake (<2200 kcal/d vs. >2200 kcal/d), a separate OPLS-DA model showed clear separation in men, while females remained relatively unchanged. After accounting for caloric intake and BMI status, the female metabolome showed substantial resistance to alteration. Therefore, we provide a better understanding of the Mexican-American metabolome, which may help demonstrate how this population—particularly women—possesses a longer life expectancy despite several comorbidities, and reveal the underlying mechanisms of the Hispanic paradox.

scholarly journals Association between egg intake and blood pressure in the USA: the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Thanh-Huyen T Vu ◽  
Linda Van Horn ◽  
Martha L Daviglus ◽  
Queenie Chan ◽  
Alan R Dyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
International Study ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Objectives: To investigate associations of egg intake with blood pressure (BP) and the role of dietary variables and other macro- and micro-nutrients in the association. Design: We used cross-sectional data for the USA as part of the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP). INTERMAP was surveyed between 1996 and 1999, including four 24-h dietary recalls, two 24-h urine collections and eight measurements of systolic BP and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP). Average egg intake (g/d) was calculated. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between egg intake (per each 50 g/d or per quintile) and BP. The roles of dietary variables and other macro- and micro-nutrients in this association were also investigated. Setting: In the USA. Participants: In total, 2195 US INTERMAP men and women aged 40–59 years. Results: Participants were 50 % female, 54 % non-Hispanic White and 16 % non-Hispanic Black. Mean egg intake (sd) in men and women was 30·4(29·8) and 21·6(20·5) g/d, respectively. Adjusting for demographics, socio-economics, lifestyle and urinary Na:K excretion ratios, we found non-linear associations with BP in non-obese women (P-quadratic terms: 0·004 for SBP and 0·035 for DBP).The associations remained after adjusting for dietary variables, macro/micro nutrients or minerals. Dietary cholesterol was highly correlated with egg intake and may factor in the association. No association was found in obese women and in obese or non-obese men. Conclusion: Egg intake was non-linearly associated with SBP and DBP in non-obese women, but not in obese women or men. Underlying mechanisms require additional study regarding the role of obesity and sex.

Endorsements by Mexican-Americans of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Cross-Ethnic Comparison

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Sugihara ◽  
Judith A. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
American Women ◽  
Significant Difference

Gender-related personality traits among Mexican-American men and women were examined. The sample consisted of 307 Mexican-Americans (150 women, 157 men) in a predominantly Mexican and Mexican-American community in South Texas. Mexican-American men scored significantly higher than the women on eight masculine items, whereas Mexican-American women scored higher than the men on four feminine items. A comparison between the scores of Mexican-Americans on the Bern Sex-Role Inventory with those of the original sample in the inventory's manual showed that the scores for the Masculinity and Femininity subscales for both Mexican-American men and women were not significantly different from those of the original sample. A significant difference, however, was found on some of the items of the inventory. Analysis also indicated that more Mexican-American men were categorized as Feminine and Androgynous than were non-Hispanic Euro-American males in the original sample. Among Mexican-American women there were more individuals classified as Masculine and Undifferentiated and a lower percentage as Feminine than among the original sample. Implications and recommendations based on the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Low Caloric Intake Among Mexican – American High School Students May Suggest Food Insecurity and/or Insufficiency in the Household

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Liset Leal-Vasquez ◽  
Tammy Wyatt ◽  
Ashley Love
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Concerns

In the United States, health concerns such as food insecurity and obesity continue to rise among American households (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003). Poor dietary intake can result in poor health outcomes as well as negatively impact student academic performance (Sigman-Grant, 2003). Despite the growing health concerns among the youth, limited studies have examined the dietary patterns of the Mexican-American adolescent population. This study aims to fill that void by describing the dietary intake of predominantly Mexican-American adolescents 13-18 years of age (n=532). The study design was cross-sectional and randomly selected high school participants based on their enrollment in physical education classes. Results of a one day 24-hour dietary recall showed both males and females in this study were below the national recommendations for total calories per day and reported poor eating behaviors. Further research is needed to investigate food insufficiency in this population who has high prevalence of overweight.

scholarly journals Serum Estrogen, But Not Testosterone, Levels Differ between Black and White Men in a Nationally Representative Sample of Americans

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 2519-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Rohrmann ◽  
William G. Nelson ◽  
Nader Rifai ◽  
Terry R. Brown ◽  
Adrian Dobs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
White Men ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Age Variation

Abstract Context: Higher testosterone in black compared with white men has been postulated to explain their higher prostate cancer incidence. Previous studies comparing hormone levels by race might have been limited by size, restricted age variation, or lack of representation of the general population. Objective: Our objective was to compare serum testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG concentrations among non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican-American men. Participants, Design, and Setting: A total of 1413 men aged 20+ yr and who attended the morning examination session of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) in 1988–1991 were included in this cross-sectional study. Measurement: Serum hormone concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. Results: After applying sampling weights and adjusting for age, percent body fat, alcohol, smoking, and activity, testosterone concentrations were not different between non-Hispanic blacks (n = 363; geometric mean, 5.29 ng/ml) and non-Hispanic whites (n = 674; 5.11 ng/ml; P &gt; 0.05) but were higher in Mexican-Americans (n = 376; 5.48 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.05). Non-Hispanic blacks (40.80 pg/ml) had a higher estradiol concentration than non-Hispanic whites (35.46 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.01) and Mexican-Americans (34.11 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.01). Non-Hispanic blacks (36.49 nmol/liter) had a higher SHBG concentration than non-Hispanic whites (34.91 nmol/liter; P &lt; 0.05) and Mexican-Americans (35.04 nmol/liter; P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Contrary to the postulated racial difference, testosterone concentrations did not differ notably between black and white men. However, blacks had higher estradiol levels. Mexican-Americans had higher testosterone than whites but similar estradiol and SHBG concentrations. Given these findings, it may be equally if not more important to investigate estradiol as testosterone in relation to diseases with racial disparity.

scholarly journals ACTIVITY EFFORT, SELF-MANAGEMENT AND INFLAMMATION IN OLDER MEXICAN AMERICANS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S172-S172
Author(s):  
Tracie C Harrison ◽  
Lauren Thill ◽  
Bianca R Schmidt ◽  
Shelley Blozis
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Mobility Limitations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Survey Responses

Abstract We extend our ongoing investigations of the health effects of activity effort among Mexican Americans (MA) with mobility limitations, specifically those with osteoarthritis (OA) (Harrison, 2009). Our previous research linked activity effort with co-morbidity and social participation in women with mobility limitations, finding significant variations between Non-Hispanic White and MA with physical disabilities. This bio-behavioral study takes the next step by examining the relationships between inflammatory measures (TNF-alpha & CRP), Mexican American-specific self-management behaviors (MA-SM), and activity effort (AE) in a sample of MA men and women. Over 5 months, 62 men and women, age 40 to 83, provided survey responses, blood, and saliva for analysis. After ensuring reliability of measures, we used Pearson correlations to provide initial associations. Findings indicated a significant negative correlation between AE and TNF-alpha (-.376, 0.005), which linked behaviors to inflammatory response; and between MA-SM and AE (-.254, 0.05), which linked the self-management to the behavior. These findings provide support for the biological impact of perceived activity effort on inflammation, as well as the positive effects that Mexican American specific self-management activities might have on health.

A Version to Women Who Work and Perceived Discrimination among Euro-Americans and Mexican-Americans

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Valentine ◽  
Gordon Mosley
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Cultural Attitudes

Perceptions of discrimination based on sex are presented for groups of Mexican-American men and women and Euro-American men and women. A measure of aversion to women who work is introduced and attitudes for the four groups are presented. Based on present significant differences and current demographic trends, discrimination based on sex will continue, and cultural attitudes may in fact perpetuate that.

scholarly journals Adiponectin/leptin ratio and Metabolic Syndrome in a Mexican American population

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaper Mirza ◽  
Hui-Qi Qu ◽  
Quan Li ◽  
Perla J Martinez ◽  
Anne R Rentfro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Circulating Levels

Objective: Adiponectin and leptin play critical roles in the development of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This study was designed to assess the feasibility of using circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin for the early diagnosis of MetS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using data from 367 participants randomly selected from a well-characterized cohort of Mexican-Americans living at the US-Mexico border. Results: Significant differences in circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin were observed between males and females. Adiponectin/leptin correlated significantly with MetS in this population. A receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that adiponectin/leptin showed a high sensitivity (70.9% for males, 78.9% for females) and specificity (90.2% for males and 69.8% for females) for the diagnosis of MetS, independent of BMI measurements. Conclusion: These data support the central role of adiponectin and leptin in MetS, and demonstrated that adiponectin/leptin can be used as a highly sensitive and specific biomarker for MetS.

scholarly journals The Starr County Border Health Initiative: Focus Groups on Diabetes Prevention in Mexican Americans

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Brown ◽  
William B. Perkison ◽  
Alexandra A. García ◽  
Heather E. Cuevas ◽  
Mary M. Velasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Mexico Border

Purpose The purpose of the study was to conduct focus groups with Mexican Americans in an impoverished rural community on the Texas-Mexico border to identify current barriers to adopting healthier lifestyles and to obtain recommendations for diabetes prevention. Methods Three separate 2-hour focus groups were led by an experienced bilingual Mexican American moderator. Interviews included questions about cultural factors and barriers that influence lifestyle behaviors, aspects of previous diabetes self-management interventions that were helpful for motivating behavioral change, and recommendations for diabetes prevention. Results Twenty-seven participants attended a focus group session; each session involved 7 to 12 informants. Individuals were diagnosed with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus; most were female, foreign born, and Spanish speaking. Interviews documented the cultural importance of food. Informants raised priority issues for diabetes prevention, including the need to learn how to prepare healthier foods and track caloric intake. Major barriers to healthier lifestyles included high costs of healthy foods, fatigue from busy schedules and working multiple jobs, a cultural view that exercise is a waste of valuable time, and fear of deportation. Conclusions Cultural influences and barriers to implementing healthy lifestyles should be assessed regularly and strategies implemented to overcome them. Such factors may change as environmental, sociocultural, and political environments change.

scholarly journals Associated factors with the use of dentures or reported dental and gum problems with oral prosthesis use among Mexican American older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Carlos Reyes Ortíz ◽  
Libia Soto Llanos
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Dental Prosthesis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis

The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with using dental prosthesis or oral problems related to their use among older Mexican Americans of the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly EPESE) in the United States. A cross-sectional analysis was made with data of 2992 men and women aged 65 years and older inter-viewed during 1993-1994. Forty four % of subjects reported the use of partial or total dental prosthesis. Among those using dental prosthesis, 21% reported problems with teeth or gums when eating. In multivariate analyses, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) limitations were associated with using dental prosthesis (OR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval - CI =1.04-1.45). Also, among subjects using dental pros-thesis, increased depressive symptoms (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.95) and IADL limitations (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.15-2.17) were associated with problems with teeth or gums when eating. In conclusion, factors usually affecting quality of life in older persons such as functional dependency and depression are associated with using dental prosthesis or oral problems with teeth or gums when eating.

scholarly journals CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 Variants and Level of Neuroticism in Young Adult Mexican American Men and Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
José R. Criado ◽  
Ian R. Gizer ◽  
Howard J. Edenberg ◽  
Cindy L. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
American Young Adults

A lifetime history of alcohol dependence has been associated with elevations in neuroticism in Mexican American young adults. The identification of genetic markers associated with neuroticism and their influence on the development of alcohol use disorders (AUD) may contribute to our understanding of the relationship between personality traits and the increased risk of AUD in Mexican Americans. The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between neuroticism and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the nicotinic acetylcholine (nAChR) α5-subunit (CHRNA5) and α3-subunit (CHRNA3) genes in young adult Mexican American men and women. Participants were 465 young adult Mexican American men and women who are literate in English and are residing legally in San Diego County. Each participant gave a blood sample and completed a structured diagnostic interview. Neuroticism was assessed using the Maudsley Personality Inventory. The minor alleles of four CHRNA5 polymorphisms (rs588765, rs601079, rs680244 and rs555018) and three CHRNA3 polymorphisms (rs578776, rs6495307 and rs3743078) showed associations with neuroticism. Several of these SNPs also displayed nominal associations with DSM-IV alcohol and nicotine dependence, but tests of mediation suggested that these relations could be partially explained by the presence of co-occurring neuroticism. These findings suggest that genetic variations in nicotinic receptor genes may influence the development of neuroticism, which in turn is involved in the development of AUDs and nicotine dependence in Mexican American young adults.

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