Analysis of Polymorphism rs1042522 in TP53 Gene in the Mothers of Twins and of Singletons: A Population-Based Study in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Although the birth of twins has always attracted attention, there are no known genetic or environmental factors that can determine the birth of monozygotic (MZ) twins. And even for dizygotic (DZ) twins, genetic influences are not completely understood. A previous study from our group has shown that the C allele of polymorphism rs1042522 in the TP53 gene was more frequent in the mothers of twins than in the mothers of singletons in a small village in South Brazil. In order to clarify whether this was an isolated factor, we performed a population-based, observational case-control study. Samples were selected from a state-funded program of paternity investigation. Samples were considered cases when two of the children had the same date of birth, whereas controls were those samples in which at least two children were born in different dates. The first subsequent sample fulfilling control criteria was included after each case. From 2007 to 2013, 32,661 records were searched and 283 (0.9%) twins were found (119 MZ and 164 DZ). Genotypic and allele frequencies were not different between mothers of twins or mothers of singletons. However, mothers of MZ twins showed a higher frequency of GG genotype and lower frequency of the C allele when compared to mothers of DZ twins. Also, the proportion of MZ twins (42%) was higher than usually reported (30%). Finally, the proportion of twins found in this study seems to be more realistic, as this sample was allegedly not from users of assisted reproduction techniques.

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Impact of changes to cervical screening guidelines on age and interval at which women are tested: Population-based study

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1177/0969141320953446 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096914132095344

Author(s):

Alejandra Castanon ◽

Shama Sheikh ◽

Philippa Pearmain ◽

Peter Sasieni

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Screening Programme ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Population Based ◽

Birth Cohorts ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Screening Guidelines ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

The Impact ◽

Control Study

Background English cervical screening programme guidelines changed between 2009 and 2012. We explore the impact on the age and intervals at which women receive a cytology test. Methods Eligible women were controls from a population-based case–control study in England. Tests taken between 1980 and 2017 were extracted from the call/recall database. Using the Kaplan–Meier estimator by birth cohort and age at (or time since) last test, we explore proportions tested since or prior to a given age, years since previous test, and interval following a negative test. Results Screening histories from 46,037 women were included. Proportion tested by age 26 has increased from 55% among birth cohorts 1978–1979 to 67% among those born 1990–1991, despite more recent cohorts only having received one invitation (instead of two) prior to age 26. The proportion of women tested at aged 28 with a test three years earlier increased by 20% (from 36% in 1997–2006 to 56% in 2012–2017) whereas the proportion tested at ages 23–27 without a prior test increased from 34% to 80%. The age at last test prior to exiting the programme has decreased: among those born 1928–1931 86% had a test aged 60–65, but only 71% of those born 1947–1951. Conclusion Clear programme guidance alongside quality assurance has improved the cervical screening programme by standardising the age and intervals at which women are screened.

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Protein S levels and the risk of venous thrombosis: results from the MEGA case-control study

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2013-04-499335 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 122 (18) ◽

pp. 3210-3219 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Maria Carolina Pintao ◽

Daniel D. Ribeiro ◽

Irene D. Bezemer ◽

Andrea A. Garcia ◽

Marieke C. H. de Visser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Venous Thrombosis ◽

Total Protein ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Protein S ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Key Points ◽

Control Study

Key PointsLow free protein S and low total protein S levels could not identify subjects at risk for venous thrombosis in a population-based study. Protein S testing and subsequent testing on PROS1 mutations should not be considered in unselected patients with venous thrombosis.

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Increased Prevalence of Moderate-to-severe Mitral And Aortic Valve Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis: A Casecontrol Study

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.201025 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. jrheum.201025

Author(s):

Javier Narváez ◽

Judit Lluch ◽

Alejandro Ruiz-Majoral ◽

Miguel Angel Sánchez-Corral ◽

Eduard Claver ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Valve Dysfunction ◽

Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽

Different Types ◽

Valvular Lesion ◽

Control Study

Objective To investigate the prevalence, severity and associated clinical factors of mitral and aortic valvular involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods This case–control study included 172 patients with SSc and 172 non-SSc adults without known cardiac disease matched by age, gender, and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The screening of mitral and aortic valvular involvement was performed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiogram. The prevalence of aortic stenosis (AS) was also compared with that reported in a population-based study performed in our community during the same period. Results SSc patients showed an almost 5-fold increased prevalence of moderate-to-severe mitroaortic valve dysfunction compared to non-SSc controls (OR: 4.60, 95% CI 1.51–13.98; p=0.003). The most common lesion was mitral regurgitation (MR), which was observed in 5.2% of patients, followed by AS in 3.5%, and aortic regurgitation (AR) in 1.7%. Analyzing the different types of valvular lesion separately, we observed a significantly higher frequency of MR compared to controls (OR:4.69, 95% CI:1.12–22.04; p= 0.032), as well as a higher frequency of AS in the 65-75 (OR: 7.51, 95% CI:1.22–46.23, p=0.01) and 76-85 year-old age groups (OR:3.53, 95% CI:1.03–12.22, p=0.043) when compared to the general population in our community. Conclusion We found an increased prevalence of moderate-to-severe MR and AS in SSc compared to age-matched non-SSc controls with similar cardiovascular comorbidities. While results from this study do not allow to establish a direct causal relationship, they strongly support

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An Incident Case–Control Study of First Unprovoked Afebrile Seizures in Children: A Population‐Based Study of Pre‐ and Perinatal Risk Factors

Epilepsia ◽

10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.15600.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 42 (10) ◽

pp. 1261-1265 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

R. Sidenvall ◽

J. Heijbel ◽

H. K. Blomquist ◽

L. Nyström ◽

L. Forsgren

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Incident Case ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Perinatal Risk Factors ◽

Perinatal Risk ◽

Control Study

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Case-control study of completed ischemic stroke in the Parsis of Bombay: A population-based study

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.38.3.490 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 490-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N. E. Bharucha ◽

E. P. Bharucha ◽

A. E. Bharucha ◽

A. V. Bhise ◽

B. S. Schoenberg, MD, DrPH

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Control Study

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Utilization of Health Services Among Adults With RecurrentClostridium difficileInfection: A 12-Year Population-Based Study

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2016.232 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 45-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jennifer L. Kuntz ◽

Jennifer M. Baker ◽

Patricia Kipnis ◽

Sherian Xu Li ◽

Vincent Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Utilization ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Utilization Of Health Services ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

The Impact ◽

Test Result ◽

Control Study

BACKGROUNDConsiderable efforts have been dedicated to developing strategies to prevent and treat recurrentClostridium difficileinfection (rCDI); however, evidence of the impact of rCDI on patient healthcare utilization and outcomes is limited.OBJECTIVETo compare healthcare utilization and 1-year mortality among adults who had rCDI, nonrecurrent CDI, or no CDI.METHODSWe performed a nested case-control study among adult Kaiser Foundation Health Plan members from September 1, 2001, through December 31, 2013. We identified CDI through the presence of a positive laboratory test result and divided patients into 3 groups: patients with rCDI, defined as CDI in the 14–57 days after initial CDI; patients with nonrecurrent CDI; and patients who never had CDI. We conducted 3 matched comparisons: (1) rCDI vs no CDI; (2) rCDI vs nonrecurrent CDI; (3) nonrecurrent CDI vs no CDI. We followed patients for 1 year and compared healthcare utilization between groups, after matching patients on age, sex, and comorbidity.RESULTSWe found that patients with rCDI consistently have substantially higher levels of healthcare utilization in various settings and greater 1-year mortality risk than both patients who had nonrecurrent CDI and patients who never had CDI.CONCLUSIONSPatients who develop an initial CDI are generally characterized by excess underlying, severe illness and utilization. However, patients with rCDI experience even greater adverse consequences of their disease than patients who do not experience rCDI. Our results further support the need for continued emphasis on identifying and using novel approaches to prevent and treat rCDI.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.2016;1–8

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