Increased Prevalence of Moderate-to-severe Mitral And Aortic Valve Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis: A Casecontrol Study

2020 ◽  
pp. jrheum.201025
Author(s):  
Javier Narváez ◽  
Judit Lluch ◽  
Alejandro Ruiz-Majoral ◽  
Miguel Angel Sánchez-Corral ◽  
Eduard Claver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Valve Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Valvular Lesion ◽  
Control Study

Objective To investigate the prevalence, severity and associated clinical factors of mitral and aortic valvular involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods This case–control study included 172 patients with SSc and 172 non-SSc adults without known cardiac disease matched by age, gender, and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The screening of mitral and aortic valvular involvement was performed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiogram. The prevalence of aortic stenosis (AS) was also compared with that reported in a population-based study performed in our community during the same period. Results SSc patients showed an almost 5-fold increased prevalence of moderate-to-severe mitroaortic valve dysfunction compared to non-SSc controls (OR: 4.60, 95% CI 1.51–13.98; p=0.003). The most common lesion was mitral regurgitation (MR), which was observed in 5.2% of patients, followed by AS in 3.5%, and aortic regurgitation (AR) in 1.7%. Analyzing the different types of valvular lesion separately, we observed a significantly higher frequency of MR compared to controls (OR:4.69, 95% CI:1.12–22.04; p= 0.032), as well as a higher frequency of AS in the 65-75 (OR: 7.51, 95% CI:1.22–46.23, p=0.01) and 76-85 year-old age groups (OR:3.53, 95% CI:1.03–12.22, p=0.043) when compared to the general population in our community. Conclusion We found an increased prevalence of moderate-to-severe MR and AS in SSc compared to age-matched non-SSc controls with similar cardiovascular comorbidities. While results from this study do not allow to establish a direct causal relationship, they strongly support

scholarly journals Effect of childhood rotavirus vaccination on community rotavirus prevalence in rural Ecuador, 2008-13

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1691-1701
Author(s):  
Alicia N M Kraay ◽  
Edward L Ionides ◽  
Gwenyth O Lee ◽  
William F Cevallos Trujillo ◽  
Joseph N S Eisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Although live attenuated monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) efficacy has been characterized through randomized studies, its effectiveness, especially in non-clinical settings, is less clear. In this study, we estimate the impact of childhood Rotarix® vaccination on community rotavirus prevalence. Methods We analyse 10 years of serial population-based diarrhoea case-control study, which also included testing for rotavirus infection (n = 3430), and 29 months of all-cause diarrhoea active surveillance from a child cohort (n = 376) from rural Ecuador during a period in which Rotarix vaccination was introduced. We use weighted logistic regression from the case-control data to assess changes in community rotavirus prevalence (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) and all-cause diarrhoea after the vaccine was introduced. We also assess changes in all-cause diarrhoea rates in the child cohort (born 2008–13) using Cox regression, comparing time to first all-cause diarrhoea case by vaccine status. Results Overall, vaccine introduction among age-eligible children was associated with a 82.9% reduction [95% confidence interval (CI): 49.4%, 94.2%] in prevalence of rotavirus in participants without diarrhoea symptoms and a 46.0% reduction (95% CI: 6.2%, 68.9%) in prevalence of rotavirus infection among participants experiencing diarrhoea. Whereas all age groups benefited, this reduction was strongest among the youngest age groups. For young children, prevalence of symptomatic diarrhoea also decreased in the post-vaccine period in both the case-control study (reduction in prevalence for children <1 year of age = 69.3%, 95% CI: 8.7%, 89.7%) and the cohort study (reduction in hazard for receipt of two Rotarix doses among children aged 0.5-2 years = 57.1%, 95% CI: 16.6, 77.9%). Conclusions Rotarix vaccination may suppress transmission, including asymptomatic transmission, in low- and middle-income settings. It was highly effective among children in a rural community setting and provides population-level benefits through indirect protection among adults.

scholarly journals Impact of changes to cervical screening guidelines on age and interval at which women are tested: Population-based study

2020 ◽  
pp. 096914132095344
Author(s):  
Alejandra Castanon ◽  
Shama Sheikh ◽  
Philippa Pearmain ◽  
Peter Sasieni
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Screening Guidelines ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

Background English cervical screening programme guidelines changed between 2009 and 2012. We explore the impact on the age and intervals at which women receive a cytology test. Methods Eligible women were controls from a population-based case–control study in England. Tests taken between 1980 and 2017 were extracted from the call/recall database. Using the Kaplan–Meier estimator by birth cohort and age at (or time since) last test, we explore proportions tested since or prior to a given age, years since previous test, and interval following a negative test. Results Screening histories from 46,037 women were included. Proportion tested by age 26 has increased from 55% among birth cohorts 1978–1979 to 67% among those born 1990–1991, despite more recent cohorts only having received one invitation (instead of two) prior to age 26. The proportion of women tested at aged 28 with a test three years earlier increased by 20% (from 36% in 1997–2006 to 56% in 2012–2017) whereas the proportion tested at ages 23–27 without a prior test increased from 34% to 80%. The age at last test prior to exiting the programme has decreased: among those born 1928–1931 86% had a test aged 60–65, but only 71% of those born 1947–1951. Conclusion Clear programme guidance alongside quality assurance has improved the cervical screening programme by standardising the age and intervals at which women are screened.

scholarly journals Protein S levels and the risk of venous thrombosis: results from the MEGA case-control study

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (18) ◽  
pp. 3210-3219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Pintao ◽  
Daniel D. Ribeiro ◽  
Irene D. Bezemer ◽  
Andrea A. Garcia ◽  
Marieke C. H. de Visser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Control Study

Key PointsLow free protein S and low total protein S levels could not identify subjects at risk for venous thrombosis in a population-based study. Protein S testing and subsequent testing on PROS1 mutations should not be considered in unselected patients with venous thrombosis.

scholarly journals Differential Impact of Statin on New-Onset Diabetes in Different Age Groups: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in Women from an Asian Country

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. e71817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Wei Chen ◽  
Ting-Chang Chen ◽  
Kuang-Yung Huang ◽  
Pesus Chou ◽  
Pin-Fan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Onset Diabetes ◽  
Control Study ◽  
New Onset

scholarly journals Analysis of Polymorphism rs1042522 in TP53 Gene in the Mothers of Twins and of Singletons: A Population-Based Study in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Mardini ◽  
Fernanda S. Pereira ◽  
Lavínia Schuler-Faccini ◽  
Ursula Matte
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
Control Criteria ◽  
Mz Twins ◽  
Subsequent Sample ◽  
Control Study

Although the birth of twins has always attracted attention, there are no known genetic or environmental factors that can determine the birth of monozygotic (MZ) twins. And even for dizygotic (DZ) twins, genetic influences are not completely understood. A previous study from our group has shown that the C allele of polymorphism rs1042522 in the TP53 gene was more frequent in the mothers of twins than in the mothers of singletons in a small village in South Brazil. In order to clarify whether this was an isolated factor, we performed a population-based, observational case-control study. Samples were selected from a state-funded program of paternity investigation. Samples were considered cases when two of the children had the same date of birth, whereas controls were those samples in which at least two children were born in different dates. The first subsequent sample fulfilling control criteria was included after each case. From 2007 to 2013, 32,661 records were searched and 283 (0.9%) twins were found (119 MZ and 164 DZ). Genotypic and allele frequencies were not different between mothers of twins or mothers of singletons. However, mothers of MZ twins showed a higher frequency of GG genotype and lower frequency of the C allele when compared to mothers of DZ twins. Also, the proportion of MZ twins (42%) was higher than usually reported (30%). Finally, the proportion of twins found in this study seems to be more realistic, as this sample was allegedly not from users of assisted reproduction techniques.

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