Effects of fall bearing year glufosinate applications, spring non-bearing year glufosinate applications, and spring non-bearing year foramsulfuron applications on hair fescue in lowbush blueberry

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Scott N. White ◽  
Linshan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Bank Management ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Hair fescue is a common perennial grass that reduces yields in lowbush blueberry fields. This grass is suppressed with non-bearing year foramsulfuron applications, though suppression may be improved through use of sequential glufosinate and foramsulfuron applications. The objective of this research was to determine the main and interactive effects of fall bearing year glufosinate applications, spring non-bearing year glufosinate applications, and spring non-bearing year foramsulfuron applications on hair fescue. The experiment was a 2 by 2 by 2 factorial arrangement of fall bearing year glufosinate application (0, 750 g ai ha-1), spring non-bearing year glufosinate application (0, 750 g ai ha-1), and spring non-bearing year foramsulfuron application (0, 35 g ai ha-1) arranged in a randomized complete block design at lowbush blueberry fields located in Parrsboro and Portapique, NS, Canada. Fall bearing year glufosinate applications, spring non-bearing year glufosinate applications, and spring non-bearing year foramsulfuron applications alone provided inconsistent hair fescue suppression. Fall bearing year glufosinate applications followed by spring non-bearing year foramsulfuron applications, however, reduced non-bearing year total tuft density, flowering tuft density, and flowering tuft inflorescence number at each site and reduced seed production at Portapique. Sequential fall bearing year and spring non-bearing year glufosinate applications or sequential spring non-bearing year glufosinate and foramsulfuron applications reduced flowering tuft density and flowering tuft inflorescence number at each site but did not consistently reduce total tuft density. Sequential herbicide treatments reduced bearing year seedling density and may therefore contribute to hair fescue seed bank management in lowbush blueberry.

scholarly journals Fall-bearing Year Herbicides and Spring-nonbearing Year Foramsulfuron Applications for Hair Fescue Management in Lowbush Blueberry

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-676
Author(s):  
Scott Neil White ◽  
Linshan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Hair fescue (Festuca filiformis) is a tuft-forming perennial grass that reduces yields in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) fields. Nonbearing year foramsulfuron applications suppress hair fescue, but there is interest in increasing suppression through foramsulfuron use in conjunction with fall-applied herbicides. The objective of this research was to determine the main and interactive effects of fall-bearing year herbicide applications and spring-nonbearing year foramsulfuron applications on hair fescue. The experiment was a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of fall-bearing year herbicide (none, terbacil, pronamide, glufosinate, dichlobenil) and spring-nonbearing year foramsulfuron application (0, 35 g·ha−1) arranged in a randomized complete block design at lowbush blueberry fields in Portapique and Stewiacke, Nova Scotia, Canada. Spring-nonbearing year foramsulfuron applications did not reduce total tuft density or consistently reduce flowering tuft density, flowering tuft inflorescence number, or flowering tuft seed production. Fall-bearing year pronamide applications reduced hair fescue density for the 2-year production cycle, although additional bearing year density reductions occurred when pronamide was followed by spring-nonbearing year foramsulfuron applications at Stewiacke. Fall-bearing year dichlobenil applications reduced total and flowering tuft density at each site, although reductions in flowering tuft inflorescence number and seed production were most consistent when followed by spring-nonbearing year foramsulfuron applications at Stewiacke. Suppression extended into the bearing year at each site, and dichlobenil should be examined further for hair fescue control. Fall-bearing year glufosinate applications reduced hair fescue total tuft density at each site and flowering tuft density and flowering tuft seed production at Stewiacke. Fall-bearing year glufosinate applications followed by spring-nonbearing year foramsulfuron applications also reduced nonbearing year flowering tuft inflorescence number and bearing year hair fescue seedling density at Stewiacke, indicating that this treatment may reduce hair fescue seedling recruitment at some sites. Fall-bearing year terbacil applications did not suppress hair fescue and are not recommended for hair fescue management in lowbush blueberry.

scholarly journals S-metolachlor efficacy on the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in mechanically green harvested sugarcane

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Correia ◽  
F.J. Perussi ◽  
L.J.P. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Brachiaria Decumbens ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of S-metolachlor applied in pre-emergence conditions for the control of Brachiaria decumbens, Digitaria horizontalis, and Panicum maximum in sugar cane mechanically harvested without previous burning of the crop (green harvest) with the crop residue either left or not on the soil surface. The experiments were established in the field according to a randomized complete block design with four repetitions in a 7 x 2 split-plot scheme. In the plots, five herbicide treatments were studied (S-metolachlor at 1.44, 1.92, and 2.40 kg ha-1, clomazone at 1.20 kg ha-1, and isoxaflutole at 0.188 kg ha-1), and two control treatments with no herbicide application. In the subplots, the presence or absence of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface was evaluated. S-metolachlor efficacy was not hampered by either 14 or 20 t ha-1 of sugar cane crop residue on the soil surface. When sugar cane crop residue was covering the soil surface, S-metolachlor at a rate of 1.44 kg ha-1 resulted in weed control similar at their larger rates, where as without the presence of crop residue, S-metolachlor controlled B. decumbens, D. horizontalis, and P. maximum at the rates of 1.92, 1.44, and 1.92 kg ha-1, respectively. The herbicides clomazone and isoxaflutole were effective for the studied species, independently of the crop residue covering the soil surface. S-metolachlor caused no visible injury symptoms to the sugar cane plant. Clomazone and isoxaflutole caused visible injuries to the sugar cane plant. None of the herbicides negatively affected the number of viable culms m² or the culm height and diameter.

The role of seedbanks in invasions by Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Chejara ◽  
Paul Kristiansen ◽  
R. D. B. (Wal) Whalley ◽  
Brian M. Sindel ◽  
Christopher Nadolny
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Poor Seed

Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (also known as Coolatai grass, South African bluestem or thatching grass) has become a serious invasive weed in Australia. Within its native range, it is generally regarded as a useful grass particularly for thatching, and seed production is low with a low soil seed bank of from 2 to 200seedsm–2. Several hundred accessions of H. hirta were deliberately introduced into Australia up until the 1980s and nearly all were discarded because of poor seed production. However, at least one introduction in the 1890s in northern New South Wales (NSW), Australia, has possibly contributed to the present serious weed problem. Annual seed production from roadside stands in northern NSW ranged from 7000 to 92000seedsm–2 in 2015. The soil seed bank under dense H. hirta infestations in the same region in 2006 and 2007, was found to be ~30000seedsm–2 mostly confined to the top 2cm, with few dormant seeds and a large reduction of these numbers over the next 12 months when further seed input was prevented. Similar studies of other perennial grass weeds have found seed banks of similar sizes, but dormancy mechanisms ensure that their seed banks last for at least 10 years without further seed input. These results suggest that the present weedy populations of H. hirta have dramatically increased fecundity enabling a large seed bank to develop beneath dense stands. The development of seed dormancy and consequently a long-lived seed bank would make this weed even more difficult to control. Until seed dormancy develops, control of H. hirta in northern NSW can be effective provided further input into the seed bank can be prevented.

Evaluation of herbicides for hair fescue (Festuca filiformis) management and potential seedbank reduction in lowbush blueberry

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-846
Author(s):  
Scott N. White
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Alternative Bearing

AbstractHair fescue is a widespread, seed-limited perennial grass in lowbush blueberry fields. Growers rely on pronamide, an expensive and difficult herbicide to use, for hair fescue management. Recent herbicide registrations provide opportunity to reduce pronamide use, though effects of these herbicides on hair fescue suppression and seedbank reduction are not well understood. The objectives of this research were to determine (1) the effects of herbicides currently registered in lowbush blueberry on suppression of hair fescue tufts and (2) whether suppression of hair fescue with these herbicides reduces hair fescue seedbanks. Pronamide gave the most consistent reductions in flowering tuft density, though applications after both autumn pruning and autumn of the nonbearing year were required to reduce the hair fescue seedbank by >60% across sites. Nonbearing-year hexazinone applications did not control hair fescue or reduce the seedbank. Nonbearing-year terbacil applications reduced flowering tuft density, but hair fescue recovered in the bearing year, and the seedbank was not reduced. Glufosinate applications following autumn pruning or in the spring of the nonbearing year did not suppress hair fescue or reduce the seedbank. Spring nonbearing-year foramsulfuron applications, alone or after autumn or spring glufosinate applications, reduced hair fescue flowering tuft density, but hair fescue recovered in the bearing year, and the seedbank was not reduced. In contrast, autumn and spring glufosinate applications followed by spring nonbearing-year foramsulfuron applications, when combined with autumn nonbearing-year pronamide applications, reduced flowering tuft density in both the nonbearing and bearing years and reduced the hair fescue seedbank by 58% to 83% across sites. Results indicate that hair fescue seedbanks can be reduced in lowbush blueberry fields and that a reduction in pronamide use will require alternative bearing-year treatments to prevent tuft recovery and seed production.

scholarly journals Environmental and physiological effects on cross-ability and seed production of greenhouse cucumber

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Maryam Golabadi ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Forough Ahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Flower Age ◽  
Greenhouse Cucumber ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Empty Seeds

Abstract: Seed production depends on many factors. In this study, two independent experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pollination time, crossed node spacing, male flower age, number of crossings on each plant and deletion/non-deletion of other fruits in the crossed nodes on the cross-ability and seed production in greenhouse cucumber. In every experiment, three mentioned factors were assayed based on factorial experiment as a randomized complete block design. Crosses were done on 10 plants in every replication of treatments. The results showed that pollination at 8:00‒9:45 AM, led to higher amount of full seed weight in contrast to other times of pollination. Increasing crossed node spacing from 2‒3 to 4‒5 nodes led to an increase in the number of empty seeds, which was ascribed to the reduced seed production. The highest amount of number of seeds per fruit, seed weigh and number of full seeds were obtained when young male flowers were used. Moreover, higher seed production was obtained from five, instead three crossings on each plant, and the non-deletion of fruits on the crossed nodes. Overall, higher percentage of seed production per fruit was obtained when crossing was done with young male flower in early morning and high number of crossing in every plant.

scholarly journals The response of Stecklings Age and Plant Spacing on Carrot Seed Quality and Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Fatiani Manik ◽  
Rasiska Tarigan ◽  
Susilawati Barus
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Carrot Seed

The quality of seed needs to be considered in carrot seed production to maintain its productivity. The research aims to find out the response of stecklings age and plant spacing on carrot seed quality and production. This research was held on July 2018 – April 2019 in Berastagi field trial (1340 m MSL). The experiment used Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors, i.e., stecklings age (2 and 3 months) and plant spacing (25, 50, 75, and 100 cm), replicated four times (32 experiment units), 10 plants from each experiment units were taken as samples. The result showed that stecklings age and plant spacing were affected to plant vegetative and generative stages. The combination of 2-month stecklings and 50 cm plant spacing increased the number of secondary umble, if compared to cultivation, which was generally used by the farmer (3-month stecklings and 25 cm plant spacing). The best quality of carrot seed was obtained from the combination of 3-month stecklings and 50 cm plant spacing.

scholarly journals Effects of Raising Lowbush Blueberry Leaf Cu Concentration on Growth and Yield

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107B-1107
Author(s):  
John M. Smagula ◽  
Ilse W. Fastook
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Effect On Growth

Two experiments evaluated the Trevett (1972) Cu standard of 7 ppm by raising leaf Cu concentrations in a commercial blueberry field having low (∼4 ppm) leaf Cu concentrations. A foliar spray of Cu Keylate (5% Cu) (Stoller Enterprises, Inc.) in a volume of 627 L·ha-1 applied 0, 0.56 1.12, 1.68, or 2.24 kg·ha-1 of Cu. Ammonium sulfate at 3.1 kg·ha-1 was added to the solutions to enhance Cu absorption. A preemergent soil application of Micromate Calcium Fortified Mix (Stoller Enterprises, Inc.), a micronutrient mixture containing Cu (0.3%), was also tested at 14 kg·ha-1. These 6 treatments were replicated 7 times in a randomized complete-block design in 2001. Treatments were reapplied in 2003 in a split-plot design with Cu treatments as the main plots and an application of DAP at 448 kg·ha-1 as the split plots. In 2001, leaf Cu concentrations increased linearly, up to 12 ppm, with increasing rates of Cu, but Micromate had no effect. Leaf N and P concentrations were below the standards of 1.6% and 0.125%, respectively, and could explain why raising leaf Cu concentrations had no effect on growth or yield. In 2003, DAP corrected the N and P deficiency and leaf Cu concentrations were raised to above the 7 ppm standard with 2.24 kg·ha-1 of Cu, but again, no effect on growth or yield was found. The Cu standard appears to be too high.

scholarly journals Planting Time Effect on Quality Seed Production of Three Varieties of Carrot (Daucus Carota L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Lutfunnahar ◽  
MF Hossain ◽  
MA Malek ◽  
R Kamrunnahar ◽  
J Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Time Effect ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Carrot Seed

Crop management like planting time is a crucial factor for maximizing yield especially for seed production. Seed production of carrot is greatly influenced by temperature as it requires adequate periods of cool temperature (vernalization) for flowering and seed production. To find out optimum planting time of carrot steckling for quality seed production the experiment was conducted at the Field Laboratory of Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from October 2015 to May 2016.Three planting time viz. 05 January, 15 January and 25 January on the seed production of three carrot varieties viz. BA (Brasillia Agroflora), PA (Prima Agroflora) and NK (New Kuroda) which constituted 9 treatment combinations were included in the experiment. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Planting time had significant effect on most of the parameters studied. The January 05 planting of steckling gave the highest seed yield (527.92 kg ha-1) and the lowest was in January 25 planting of steckling (314.75 kg ha-1). Among the varieties BA gave the highest seed yield (448.73 kg ha-1) and the lowest yield for New Kuroda (395.35 kgha-1.) Considering interaction of planting time and variety the highest seed yield (572.37 kg ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of early planting (05 January) with the variety of BA and the lowest (279.77 kg ha-1) was recorded from the late planting (25 January) in variety PA. Hence, BA carrot variety planting on 5 January may be recommended for carrot seed production in Mymensingh region in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 23-34

scholarly journals Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen & Phosphorus Fertilizer and Roguing on Seed Production of Rice in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Afia Sultana ◽  
Mohammad Salim ◽  
Md Abdul Kader ◽  
Md. Babul Akter ◽  
M. Kamruzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
P Fertilizers

An experiment was conducted at the Farmer’s Field, Boyra village, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from February to May 2016 to study the yield performance of boro rice for seed production as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization with different levels of roguing. The experiment comprised three levels of roguing viz. no roguing (R0), roguing one time (R1) and roguing two times (R2) and five doses of N and P fertilizers viz. Farmer practice (F1: 250 kg urea and 260 kg TSP), Optimum/recommended (F2: 187 kg urea and 200 kg TSP), High N (F3: 200 kg urea and 200 kg TSP), High P (F4: 187 kg urea and 240 kg TSP) and High N + High P (F5: 200 kg urea and 240 kg TSP). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results revealed that the Optimum doses of fertilizer applications significantly produced the highest grain yield among the treatments. All the yield contributing characters showed the best performance in this treatment. Though roguing did not produce significant yield variation but the interaction effects did. Here, The Optimum doses of fertilizer without roguing (F2R0) produced highest grain yield but it was at per with F3R1, F2R2, F2R1, F4R1 and F5R2 treatments. Among the five statistically alike treatments F2R2 i.e. optimum fertilizer dose with two rougings produced the highest number of filled grains per panicle and highest seed germination and appreciably higher percentage of pure seed. Based on this experimental result, it appears that optimum fertilizer dose with two times rouging treatment performed the best for seed production in BRRI dhan29.

scholarly journals Chemical management of Cyperus rotundus L. and other weeds at sugarcane in PSS system

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37056
Author(s):  
Ana Ligia Giraldeli ◽  
André Felipe Moreira Silva ◽  
Luisa Carolina Baccin ◽  
Lucas da Silva Araújo ◽  
Gustavo Soares da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Among the main weeds with difficult to control in the sugarcane fields can be cited purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.). This specie was observed in the seed bank in sugarcane fields harvested with or without burning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of herbicides in pre-sprouted seedlings (PSS) of sugarcane in the control of C. rotundus and other weeds. The work was carried out in the field, in a randomized complete block design, and four replications. The treatments corresponded to the herbicides applied in pre-planting: sulfentrazone (800 g a.i. ha-1), diclosulam (193.17 g a.i. ha-1), imazapic (133 g a.i. ha-1) and imazapyr (500 g a.e. ha-1); post-planting: halosulfuron (112.5 g a.i. ha-1), ethoxysulfuron (135 g a.i. ha-1), MSMA (1,975 g a.i. ha-1) and 2,4-D (1,340 g a.e. ha-1); besides a control treatment weeding and another without weeding. The symptoms of injury on sugarcane plants, percentage of weed control, variables related to agronomic performance of sugarcane, and yield were evaluated. The herbicides diclosulam, imazapic, and imazapyr caused serious damage to the crop. The halosulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, MSMA, and 2,4-D did not cause symptoms of injury to sugarcane, however, the treatments had a reduced yield due to the low weed control. The sulfentrazone treatment obtained the second highest yield but with effective weed control (>70%) up to 45 days after planting. The best controls were obtained with pre-planting treatments; however, herbicide positioning studies should be performed in relation to PSS.

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