Injury potential of herbicide combinations on XtendFlex® cotton

Abstract XtendFlex® technology from Bayer allows growers to apply glyphosate, glufosinate, and dicamba POST to cotton. Since the evolution and spread of glyphosate-resistant weed species, early POST applications with several modes of action have become common. However, crop injury potential from these applications warrants further examination. Field studies were conducted from 2015 to 2017 at two locations in Mississippi to evaluate XtendFlex® cotton injury from herbicide application. Herbicide applications were made to XtendFlex® cotton at the 3 to 6 leaf stage with herbicide combinations comprised of two, three, and four-way combinations of glyphosate, glufosinate, S-metolachlor, and three formulations of dicamba. Data collection included visual estimations of injury, stand counts, cotton height, total mainstem nodes, and nodes above whiteflower at first bloom. Data collection at the end of the season included cotton height, total mainstem nodes, and nodes above cracked boll. Visual estimations of injury from herbicide applications were highest at 3 days following applications containing glufosinate + S-metolachlor (36 to 41% injury) and glufosinate + S-metolachlor in combination with dicamba + glyphosate (39 to 41% injury), regardless of the dicamba formulation. Crop injury decreased at each rating interval and dissipated by 28 days following applications (p = 0.3748). Height reductions were present at first bloom and at the end of the season (p < 0.0001), although cotton yield was unaffected (p = 0.2089) even when injury at 3 days after treatment (DAA) was greater than 30%. Results indicate that growers may apply a variety of herbicide tank-mixtures to XtendFlex® cotton and expect no yield penalty. Furthermore, if growers are concerned with cotton injury after herbicide applications, the use of glufosinate in combination with S-metolachlor should be approached with caution in XtendFlex® cotton.

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Absorption, Translocation, and Phytotoxicity of Chlorimuron and 2,4-Db Mixtures in Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) and Selected Weed Species

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500052048 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Glenn R. Wehtje ◽

John W. Wilcut ◽

John A. Mcguire

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Field Studies ◽

The Other ◽

Weed Species ◽

Greenhouse Experiments ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Treated Leaf ◽

Better Than

Mixtures of chlorimuron and 2,4-DB were additive with respect to crop injury and were either additive or slightly antagonistic with respect to weed control in greenhouse experiments. Absorption and translocation of14C following application of14C-chlorimuron and14C-2,4-DB were not affected by the presence of the other unlabeled herbicide, except in Florida beggarweed and peanut where 2,4-DB affected distribution of14C-chlorimuron in the treated leaf. In field studies, maximum efficacy was obtained with mixtures of chlorimuron plus 2,4-DB applied 7 or 9 wk after planting. Florida beggarweed control was greatest with chlorimuron or chlorimuron mixtures while the addition of 2,4-DB to chlorimuron improved morningglory and sicklepod control. At 9 and 11 wk after planting, addition of 2,4-DB to chlorimuron controlled Florida beggarweed better than chlorimuron alone. Peanut yields were increased by the addition of 2,4-DB at later applications.

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Growth Stage Affects Cotton Response to Trifloxysulfuron

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-05-025.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 37-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert J. Richardson ◽

Henry P. Wilson ◽

Gregory R. Armel ◽

Thomas E. Hines

Keyword(s):

Nonionic Surfactant ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Field Studies ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Cotton Yield ◽

Cotton Crop ◽

Application Timing ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Over The Top

Field studies were conducted in 1999, 2000, and 2001 to evaluate cotton response to trifloxysulfuron applied postemergence over the top (POT) or postemergence-directed (PDIR) at various growth stages. Treatments included trifloxysulfuron at 3.8 or 7.5 g ai/ha plus nonionic surfactant (NIS) applied POT to one-, three-, and five-leaf cotton or applied PDIR to 30- and 45-cm tall cotton. Crop injury 7 d after treatment (DAT) varied by year and ranged from 17 to 50%, 19 to 46%, and 5 to 23% with trifloxysulfuron applied POT to one-, three-, and five-leaf cotton, respectively. Injury 21DAT averaged 22, 16, and 6% with one-, three-, and five-leaf applications respectively. Trifloxysulfuron applied PDIR injured cotton 2 to 9% 7 DAT and 0 to 12% 21 DAT. At 30 DAT, cotton height was reduced with one-leaf trifloxysulfuron application, whereas differences were not present across other treatments. Heights at 90 days after planting (DAP) did not differ between treatments. Neither trifloxysulfuron rate or application timing negatively affected cotton yield or fiber quality.

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Impact of Nealley’s Sprangletop on Rough Rice Yield

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2018.43 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 532-536

Author(s):

Eric P. Webster ◽

Eric A. Bergeron ◽

David C. Blouin ◽

Benjamin M. McKnight ◽

Matthew J. Osterholt

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Field Studies ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Rough Rice ◽

Rice Yields ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

AbstractTwo field studies were conducted in Louisiana to determine the impact of Nealley’s sprangletop on rough rice yield under multiple environments in 2014, 2015, and 2016. The first study evaluated optimal timings of Nealley’s sprangletop removal for optimizing rough rice yields. The second study evaluated the impact of Nealley’s sprangletop densities on rough rice yield. Nealley’s sprangletop was removed with applications of fenoxaprop at 122 g ai ha–1at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d after emergence (DAE). Nealley’s sprangletop removal at 7 and 14 DAE resulted in higher rough rice yields of 7,880 and 6,960 kg ha–1, respectively, when compared with the rice from the season-long Nealley’s sprangletop competition with a 6,040 kg ha-1yield. Delaying herbicide application from 7 DAE to 42 DAE resulted in a yield loss of 1,740 kg ha–1. Over the 35-d delay in application, rough rice yield loss from Nealley’s sprangletop interference was equivalent to 50 kg ha–1d–1. Nealley’s sprangletop densities were established at 1, 3, 7, 13, and 26 plants m–2by transplanting Nealley’s sprangletop when rice reached the one- to two-leaf stage. At Nealley’s sprangletop densities of 1 to 26 plants m–2, rough rice yields were reduced 10 to 270 kg ha–1, compared with the rice from weed-free plots. Based on regression analysis, Nealley’s sprangletop densities of 1, 35, 70, and 450 plants m–2reduced rough rice yield 0.14%, 5%, 10%, and 50%, respectively.

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Effect of Incorporation Methods and Time of Application on the Performance of Trifluralin Plus Metribuzin

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500043502 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 64-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

W. L. Barrentine ◽

O. B. Wooten ◽

J. R. Williford

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Weed Control ◽

Subsurface Layer ◽

Field Studies ◽

Time Interval ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Time Of Application ◽

Crop Injury ◽

Herbicide Mixture

Disk harrowing, spring tooth harrowing, and bed conditioning, alone or followed by bedding the rows, were evaluated in field studies to determine their efficacy to soil incorporate trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine) plus metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazine-5 (4H)-one] in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Effects of the time interval between herbicide application and soybean planting were also evaluated. Effective weed control and adequate crop selectivity were obtained from all incorporation methods except those followed by bedding. Bedding occasionally reduced weed control and soybean stands as compared to incorporation without bedding. Excessive crop injury resulted from the application of a band of the herbicide mixture as a subsurface layer. The herbicide mixture was applied up to 6 weeks before soybean planting without adversely affecting crop or weed selectivity when incorporated with the spring tooth harrow without bedding.

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Effect of Growth Stage on the Efficacy of Postemergence Herbicides on Four Weed Species of Direct-Seeded Rice

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/123071 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Bhagirath Singh Chauhan ◽

Seth Bernard Abugho

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Postemergence Herbicides

The efficacy of bispyribac-sodium, fenoxaprop + ethoxysulfuron, and penoxsulam + cyhalofop was evaluated against barnyardgrass, Chinese sprangletop, junglerice, and southern crabgrass when applied at four-, six-, and eight-leaf stages. When applied at the four-leaf stage, bispyribac-sodium provided greater than 97% control of barnyardgrass, junglerice, and southern crabgrass; however, it was slightly weak (74% control) on Chinese sprangletop. Irrespective of the weed species, fenoxaprop + ethoxysulfuron provided greater than 97% control when applied at the four-leaf stage. At the same leaf stage, penoxsulam + cyhalofop controlled 89 to 100% barnyardgrass, Chinese sprangletop, and junglerice and only 54% of southern crabgrass. The efficacy of herbicides was reduced when applied at the eight-leaf stage of the weeds; however, at this stage, fenoxaprop + ethoxysulfuron was effective in controlling 99% of Chinese sprangletop. The results demonstrate the importance of early herbicide application in controlling the weeds. The study identified that at the six-leaf stage of the weeds, fenoxaprop + ethoxysulfuron can effectively control Chinese sprangletop and southern crabgrass, penoxsulam + cyhalofop can effectively control Chinese sprangletop, and bispyribac-sodium can effectively control junglerice.

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Problem Weed Control in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean with Glyphosate Tank Mixes and Soil-Applied Herbicides

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-09-012.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 507-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Stevan Z. Knezevic ◽

Avishek Datta ◽

Jon Scott ◽

Robert N. Klein ◽

Jeff Golus

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Field Studies ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Field Bindweed ◽

Crop Planting

Although glyphosate controls many plant species, certain broadleaf weeds in Nebraska's cropping systems exhibit various levels of tolerance to the labeled rates of this herbicide, including ivyleaf morningglory, Venice mallow, yellow sweetclover, common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, kochia, Russian thistle, and field bindweed. Therefore, two field studies were conducted in 2004 and 2005 at Concord and North Platte, NE, to evaluate performance of (1) seven preemergence (PRE) herbicides and (2) glyphosate tank mixes applied postemergence (POST) at three application times for control of eight weed species that are perceived as problem weeds in glyphosate-resistant soybean in Nebraska. The PRE herbicides, including sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron, pendimethalin plus imazethapyr, imazaquin, and pendimethalin plus imazethapyr plus imazaquin provided more than 85% control of most weed species tested in this study 28 d after treatment (DAT). However, sulfentrazone plus chlorimuron and pendimethalin plus imazethapyr plus imazaquin were the only PRE treatments that provided more than 80% control of most weed species 60 DAT. In the POST glyphosate tank-mix study, the level of weed control was significantly affected by the timing of herbicide application; control generally decreased as weed height increased. In general, glyphosate tank mixes applied at the first two application times (early or mid-POST) with half label rates of lactofen, imazamox, imazethapyr, fomesafen, imazaquin, or acifluorfen, provided more than 80% control of all species that were 20 to 30 cm tall except ivyleaf morningglory, Venice mallow, yellow sweetclover, and field bindweed. Glyphosate tank mixes applied late POST with lactofen, imazethapyr, or imazaquin provided more than 70% control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, kochia, and Russian thistle that were 30 to 50 cm tall. Overall, glyphosate tank mixes with half label rates of chlorimuron or acifluorfen were the best treatments; they provided more than 80% control of all the studied weed species when applied at early growth stages. Results of this study suggested that mixing glyphosate with other POST broadleaf herbicides, or utilizing soil-applied herbicides after crop planting helped effectively control most problematic weeds in glyphosate-resistant soybean in Nebraska.

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Influence of chaff and chaff lines on weed seed survival and seedling emergence in Australian cropping systems

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.142 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-22

Author(s):

Michael J. Walsh ◽

Annie E. Rayner ◽

Annie Rutledge ◽

John C. Broster

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Field Studies ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Weed Seed ◽

Weed Species ◽

Environment Effect ◽

Seed Survival ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Rigid Ryegrass

Abstract Chaff lining and chaff tramlining are harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems that involve the concentration of weed seed containing chaff material into narrow (20 to 30 cm) rows between or on the harvester wheel tracks during harvest. These lines of chaff are left intact in the fields through subsequent cropping seasons in the assumption that the chaff environment is unfavourable for weed seed survival. The chaff row environment effect on weed seed survival was examined in field studies, while chaff response studies determined the influence of increasing amounts of chaff on weed seedling emergence. The objectives of these studies were to determine 1) the influence of chaff lines on the summer-autumn seed survival of selected weed species; and 2) the influence of chaff type and amount on rigid ryegrass seedling emergence. There was frequently no difference (P>0.05) in survival of seed of four weed species (rigid ryegrass, wild oat, annual sowthistle and turnip weed) when these seed were placed beneath or beside chaff lines. There was one instance where wild oat seed survival was increased (P<0.05) when seed were placed beneath compared to beside a chaff line. The pot studies determined that increasing amounts of chaff consistently resulted in decreasing numbers of rigid ryegrass seedlings emerging through chaff material. The suppression of emergence broadly followed a linear relationship where there was approximately a 2.0% reduction in emergence with every 1.0 t ha-1 increase in chaff material. This relationship was consistent across wheat, barley, canola and lupin chaff types, indicating that the physical presence of the chaff was more important than chaff type. These studies indicated that chaff lines may not affect the over summer-autumn survival of the contained weed seeds but the subsequent emergence of weed seedlings will be restricted by high amounts of chaff (>40 t ha-1).

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Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of14C-Glufosinate in Glufosinate-Resistant Corn, Goosegrass (Eleusine indica), Large Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and Sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia)

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-08-089.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Wesley J. Everman ◽

Cassandra R. Mayhew ◽

James D. Burton ◽

Alan C. York ◽

John W. Wilcut

Keyword(s):

Weed Species ◽

Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽

Eleusine Indica ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Senna Obtusifolia ◽

Harvest Timing ◽

Treated Leaf ◽

Harvest Intervals ◽

Corn Plants ◽

Large Crabgrass

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate14C-glufosinate absorption, translocation, and metabolism in glufosinate-resistant corn, goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod. Glufosinate-resistant corn plants were treated at the four-leaf stage, whereas goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod were treated at 5, 7.5, and 10 cm, respectively. All plants were harvested at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption was less than 20% at all harvest intervals for glufosinate-resistant corn, whereas absorption in goosegrass and large crabgrass increased from approximately 20% 1 HAT to 50 and 76%, respectively, 72 HAT. Absorption of14C-glufosinate was greater than 90% 24 HAT in sicklepod. Significant levels of translocation were observed in glufosinate-resistant corn, with14C-glufosinate translocated to the region above the treated leaf and the roots up to 41 and 27%, respectively. No significant translocation was detected in any of the weed species at any harvest timing. Metabolites of14C-glufosinate were detected in glufosinate-resistant corn and all weed species. Seventy percent of14C was attributed to glufosinate metabolites 72 HAT in large crabgrass. Less metabolism was observed for sicklepod, goosegrass, and glufosinate-resistant corn, with metabolites composing less than 45% of detectable radioactivity 72 HAT.

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ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN PITA CUKAI PADA KPPBC TIPE MADYA CUKAI KEDIRI

INFO ARTHA ◽

10.31092/jia.v5i1.1143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 25-44

Author(s):

Deni Herdiyana

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Research Method ◽

Business Processes ◽

Accounting Standards ◽

Field Studies ◽

Research Data ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Data Collection Methods ◽

Government Accounting ◽

Collection Methods

This research was conducted to analyze the accounting policy for excise tape inventory which is implemented in the KPPBC Type Madya Cukai Kediri. The research method used is through a qualitative approach. To support this research, data collection methods were carried out which included literature studies and field studies related to the supply of excise stamps for the 2019. The results of the study can be concluded that KPPBC TMC Kediri has recognized and recorded excise inventory accounting by applying accrual basis and as a whole is in accordance with the regulations of government accounting standards, but there is an acknowledgment of inventory excise stamps in KPPBC TMC Kediri which is not yet in accordance with PMK Number 224/PMK.05/2016. Furthermore, KPPBC TMC Kediri has implemented the SAKTI application to support its accounting business processes. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa kebijakan akuntansi persediaan pita cukai yang diimplementasikan di KPPBC Tipe Madya Cukai Kediri. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Untuk mendukung penelitian tersebut, dilakukan metode pengumpulan data yang mencakup studi kepustakaan dan studi lapangan terkait persediaan pita cukai TA 2019. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa KPPBC TMC Kediri telah melakukan pengakuan dan pencatatan akuntansi persediaan cukai dengan penerapan basis akrual dan secara keseluruhan telah sesuai dengan peraturan standar akuntansi pemerintahan, namun terdapat salah satu pengakuan persediaan pita cukai di KPPBC TMC Kediri yang belum sesuai dengan PMK Nomor 224/PMK.05/2016. Selanjutnya, KPPBC TMC Kediri telah mengimplementasikan aplikasi SAKTI untuk menunjang proses bisnis akuntansinya.

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Interactions of Nitrogen Source and Rate and Weed Removal Timing Relative to Nitrogen Content in Corn and Weeds and Corn Grain Yield

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2017/8961367 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandra M. Knight ◽

Wesley J. Everman ◽

David L. Jordan ◽

Ronnie W. Heiniger ◽

T. Jot Smyth

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Field Studies ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Coated Urea ◽

N Fertility ◽

Corn Grain ◽

Corn Grain Yield

Adequate fertility combined with effective weed management is important in maximizing corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield. Corn uptake of nitrogen (N) is dependent upon many factors including weed species and density and the rate and formulation of applied N fertilizer. Understanding interactions among corn, applied N, and weeds is important in developing management strategies. Field studies were conducted in North Carolina to compare corn and weed responses to urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), sulfur-coated urea (SCU), and composted poultry litter (CPL) when a mixture of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis L.) was removed with herbicides at heights of 8 or 16 cm. These respective removal timings corresponded with 22 and 28 days after corn planting or V2 and V3 stages of growth, respectively. Differences in N content in above-ground biomass of corn were noted early in the season due to weed interference but did not translate into differences in corn grain yield. Interactions of N source and N rate were noted for corn grain yield but these factors did not interact with timing of weed control. These results underscore that timely implementation of control tactics regardless of N fertility management is important to protect corn grain yield.

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