Effect of fulvic acid on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) seedling growth under flooding conditions

Abstract Barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.] is a problematic weed that grows in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields. Over-applying herbicide caused environmental pollution and the emergence of resistant weeds, and integrated weed management method can reduce the dependence on herbicides. The growth of E. crus-galli and rice seedlings could be significantly inhibited by high concentrations of fulvic acid (FA, C14H12O8) under flooding conditions (HF, 0.80 g/L) (p < 0.05). In contrast, the growth of seedlings could be promoted by the application of very low-concentration FA (LF, 0.02 g/L). The activities of glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) and antioxidant enzymes, including total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in E. crus-galli seedlings were enhanced by LF treatment; while the POD activity was decreased, the GSTs, T-SOD, and CAT activities were not significantly changed by HF treatment. The metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that FA regulated E. crus-galli seedling growth by affecting the synthesis of indole derivatives and flavonoid compounds. Compared with the blank control (CK, 0 g/L), the levels of four indole derivatives were up-regulated under HF treatment, and the indole derivatives mentioned above were slightly down-regulated under LF treatment. The flavonoids, including naringenin, naringenin chalcone, eriodictyol, kaempferol, and epigallocatechin, were down-regulated under HF treatment, and the growth of E. crus-galli was restrained. In contrast, the metabolism and transcription of flavonoids were not significantly changed under LF treatment. Under the addition of 0.80 g/L FA, the growth of newly sprouted E. crus-galli was obviously inhibited, and the growth of rice was significantly promoted after eight days of rice planting (p < 0.05). The application of FA, therefore, might be a potential integrated weed management method to control the damage caused by E. crus-galli in paddy fields.

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Allelopathic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) on the Early Seedling Growth of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties and Selected Weeds

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2019/5494756 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. C. Murimwa ◽

J. T. Rugare ◽

S. Mabasa ◽

R. Mandumbu

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Weed Management ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

Management Program ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Chlorophyll Content And Fluorescence ◽

Resource Poor

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) production is lucrative to resource poor farmers in marginalised areas of Zimbabwe, although most farmers have reportedly been failing to derive maximum economic benefits from sesame production due to poor productivity. Low productivity has been attributed to several factors including challenges of weed control due to absence of registered herbicides for use in sesame in Zimbabwe. Laboratory enzyme assays were conducted using different sorghum aqueous leaf and stem extract concentrations at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0% wv−1 to determine the effect of sorghum aqueous extracts on plant defense enzymes polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) in sesame and selected weeds. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to assess the effect of sorgaab or sorgaab-Agil postemergence sprays on the seedling growth and physiology of sesame and weeds. The exposure of sesame, black jack, and goose grass to sorghum aqueous extracts caused a significant (p<0.05) concentration-dependent increase on the activity of antioxidant enzymes PAL, POD, and POD. Similarly, postemergence sprays of sole sorgaab, herbicide, and sorgaab-herbicide combination significantly (p<0.05) increased sesame and black jack seedling growth, chlorophyll content, and fluorescence but not of goose grass. From this study, it could be concluded that the allelochemicals in sorghum aqueous extracts were not effective at inhibiting the growth and physiological processes of sesame and the weeds. Therefore, resource-poor farmers cannot rely on sorgaab to control weeds in sesame but there is a need to integrate weed control options to form an effective integrated weed management program.

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Integrated Weed Management in Oilseed Brassica

Indian Science Cruiser ◽

10.24906/isc/2016/v30/i4/152018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

Abhinandan Singh ◽

Pankaj Kumar Ojha

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Integrated Weed Management

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EFFECT OF INTEGRATED WEED MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE YIELD OF SUGAR BEET UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES

JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.28941/24-3(2018)-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 267-277

Author(s):

Samaneh Toorabi

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Irrigation Regimes

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Fungal Phytotoxins in Sustainable Weed Management

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666170426152331 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 268-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maurizio Vurro ◽

Angela Boari ◽

Francesca Casella ◽

Maria Chiara Zonno

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Design Strategies ◽

Disease Etiology ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Toxic Metabolites

Fungal phytotoxins are natural secondary metabolites produced by plant pathogenic fungi during host–pathogen interactions. They have received considerable particular attention for elucidating disease etiology, and consequently to design strategies for disease control. Due to wide differences in their chemical structures, these toxic metabolites have different ecological and environmental roles and mechanisms of action. This review aims at summarizing the studies on the possible use of these metabolites as tools in biological and integrated weed management, e.g. as: novel and environmentally friendly herbicides; lead for novel compounds; sources of novel mechanisms of action. Moreover, the limiting factors for utilizing those metabolites in practice will also be briefly discussed.

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The Economic Viability of Integrated Weed Management in Onion (Allium cepa L.) in Yemen

Arab Journal Of Plant Protection ◽

10.22268/ajpp-034.3.202210 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 202-210

Author(s):

A. A Bawazir ◽

◽

O.S Bin Shuaib ◽

Keyword(s):

Allium Cepa ◽

Weed Management ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Allium Cepa L

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Growth and Phenology of Vulpia Myuros in Comparison with Apera Spica-Venti, Alopecurus Myosuroides and Lolium Multiflorum in Monoculture and in Winter Wheat

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111495 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1495

Author(s):

Muhammad Javaid Akhter ◽

Bo Melander ◽

Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽

Rodrigo Labouriau ◽

Svend Vendelbo Nielsen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Management ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Neighborhood Design ◽

Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽

Winter Cereals ◽

Arable Weed

Vulpia myuros has become an increasing weed problem in winter cereals in Northern Europe. However, the information about V. myuros and its behavior as an arable weed is limited. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2017/18 and 2018/19, at the Department of Agroecology in Flakkebjerg, Denmark to investigate the emergence, phenological development and growth characteristics of V. myuros in monoculture and in mixture with winter wheat, in comparison to Apera spica-venti, Alopecurus myosuroides and Lolium multiflorum. V. myuros emerged earlier than A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti but later than L. multiflorum. Significant differences in phenological development were recorded among the species. Overall phenology of V. myuros was more similar to that of L. multiflorum than to A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti. V. myuros started seed shedding earlier than A. spica-venti and L. multiflorum but later than A. myosuroides. V. myuros was more sensitive to winter wheat competition in terms of biomass production and fecundity than the other species. Using a target-neighborhood design, responses of V. myuros and A. spica-venti to the increasing density of winter wheat were quantified. At early growth stages “BBCH 26–29”, V. myuros was suppressed less than A. spica-venti by winter wheat, while opposite responses were seen at later growth stages “BBCH 39–47” and “BBCH 81–90”. No significant differences in fecundity characteristics were observed between the two species in response to increasing winter wheat density. The information on the behavior of V. myuros gathered by the current study can support the development of effective integrated weed management strategies for V. myuros.

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Effect of Barley Sowing Density on the Integrated Weed Management of Lolium rigidum (Annual Ryegrass) in Mediterranean Dryland: A Modeling Approach

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1565

Author(s):

María Belén D’Amico ◽

Guillermo R. Chantre ◽

Guillermo L. Calandrini ◽

José L. González-Andújar

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Future Research ◽

Seed Removal ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

High Control ◽

Weed Dynamics ◽

The Impact

Population models are particularly helpful for understanding long-term changes in the weed dynamics associated with integrated weed management (IWM) strategies. IWM practices for controlling L. rigidum are of high importance, mainly due to its widespread resistance that precludes chemical control as a single management method. The objective of this contribution is to simulate different IWM scenarios with special emphasis on the impact of different levels of barley sowing densities on L. rigidum control. To this effect, a weed–crop population model for both L. rigidum and barley life cycles was developed. Our results point out: (i) the necessity of achieving high control efficiencies (>99%), (ii) that the increase of twice the standard sowing density of barley resulted in a reduction of 23.7% of the weed density, (iii) non-herbicide-based individual methods, such as delayed sowing and weed seed removal at harvest, proved to be inefficient for reducing drastically weed population, (iv) the implementation of at least three control tactics (seed removal, delay sowing and herbicides) is required for weed infestation eradication independently of the sowing rate, and (v) the effect of an increase in the sowing density is diluted as a more demanding weed control is reached. Future research should aim to disentangle the effect of different weed resistance levels on L. rigidum population dynamics and the required efficiencies for more sustainable IWM programs.

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Integrated weed management practices and sustainable food production among farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2021-0221 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 124-134

Author(s):

Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame ◽

Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda ◽

Olayinka Jelili Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Food Production ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Integrated Weed Management ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Arable Crops ◽

Multi Stage ◽

Self Sufficiency

Abstract A survey was conducted in the Kwara State of Nigeria to study the integrated weed management (IWM) practices by farmers. This was in view of the poor weed management practices adopted by farmers, which is a major factor responsible for low yields of many arable crops in Kwara State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 480 respondents, and a structured interview schedule was used to elicit information from them. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Factor analysis was also carried out to examine the perception of farmers’ benefits of IWM. Results showed that the majority of farmers (29.4%) were youths, married (89.1%), and involved in medium-scale farming (47.2%). Furthermore, 50.8% of the farmers had primary or secondary education. Although farmers use different weed control methods, more than half of them (54.7%) use herbicides. Most farmers (92.6%) are engaged in the use of IWM, However, 73.5% of them use a combination of herbicides and hoe weeding. Although not properly practiced, farmers perceived IWM as having socio-environmental (29.229%) and techno-efficacious (23.495%) benefits over either hoe weeding or herbicides used alone. The findings suggest a need to train farmers on all aspects of IWM to achieve self-sufficiency in food production in Kwara State.

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