Theoretically Self-Consistent Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Glassy Polymer Theory for the Solubility of Vapors and Liquids in Glassy Polymers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bennett D. Marshall ◽  
Ronita Mathias ◽  
Ryan P. Lively ◽  
Benjamin A. McCool
Keyword(s):  
Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Polymer Theory ◽  
Self Consistent

Structure and Properties of Microcomposites and Macrocomposites from Block Polymers

1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Aggarwal ◽  
R. A. Livigni
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Block Polymers ◽  
Block Polymer ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Heat Distortion Temperature ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract The incorporation of a rubber phase in glassy polymers, as is well known in the case of high impact polystyrene, leads to an increase in their impact strength. Block polymers offer three principal approaches for obtaining multiphase glassy polymers in which an elastomer phase is present in the matrix of the glassy polymer. They are: (1) control of block polymer composition, (2) blending of block polymer with homopolymers, and (3) polymerization of a solution of a block polymer in the monomer corresponding to one of the blocks. The observed properties, such as impact strength, modulus, and heat distortion temperature, desired in rubber-modified glassy polymers are discussed for block polymer systems prepared using the above approaches.

scholarly journals Methods for the calculation of occupied volumes in glassy polymers: The lattice integration and the monte carlo methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rozhkov ◽  
B. Schukin ◽  
I. Ronova
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Error Estimates ◽  
Free Volume ◽  
Monte Carlo Methods ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Monomer Unit ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Accessible Volume

AbstractA new model for characterizing the free volume of a glassy polymer—gas systems is proposed. An improved method for the calculation of occupied volume per monomer unit was developed within the limits of this model. The model assumptions, error estimates and algorithm efficiencies are described. Using the example of polyvinyltrimethylsilane, it is shown that linear dependences of logarithms of the diffusion and the permeability coefficients on specific accessible volume for inert gases exist.

scholarly journals Calibration of a Cohesive Model for Fracture in Low Cross-Linked Epoxy Resins

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dery Torres ◽  
Shu Guo ◽  
Maria-Pilar Villar ◽  
Daniel Araujo ◽  
Rafael Estevez
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Cohesive Model ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Structural Applications

Polymer-based composites are becoming widely used for structural applications, in particular in the aeronautic industry. The present investigation focuses on the mechanical integrity of an epoxy resin of which possible damage results in limitation or early stages of dramatic failure. Therefore, a coupled experimental and numerical investigation of failure in an epoxy resin thermoset is carried out that opens the route to an overall micromechanical analysis of thermoset-based composites. In the present case, failure is preceded by noticeable plasticity in the form of shear bands similar to observations in ductile glassy polymers. Thus, an elastic-visco-plastic constitutive law initially devoted to glassy polymer is adopted that captures the rate- dependent yield stress followed by softening and progressive hardening at continued deformation. A general rate-dependent cohesive model is used to describe the failure process. The parameters involved in the description are carefully identified and used in a finite element calculation to predict the material’s toughness for different configurations. Furthermore, the present work allows investigation of nucleation and crack growth in such resins. In particular, a minimum toughness can be derived from the model which is difficult to evaluate experimentally and allows accounting for the notch effect on the onset of failure. This is thought to help in designing polymer-based composites.

Indentation model and strain gradient plasticity law for glassy polymers

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 3784-3788 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. C. Lam ◽  
Arthur C. M. Chong
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Strain Gradient ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Strain Gradient Plasticity ◽  
Molecular Theory ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
Gradient Plasticity ◽  
Strain Gradients

Plastic deformation of metals is generally a function of the strain. Recently, both phenomenological and dislocation-based strain gradient plasticity laws were proposed after strain gradients were experimentally found to affect the plastic deformation of the metal. A strain gradient plasticity law is developed on the basis of molecular theory of yield for glassy polymers. A strain gradient plasticity modulus with temperature and molecular dependence is proposed and related to indentation hardness. The physics of the strain gradient plasticity in glassy polymer is then discussed in relation to the modulus.

scholarly journals Mechanics of particulate composites with glassy polymer binders in compression

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2015) ◽  
pp. 20130215 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jordan ◽  
J. E. Spowart ◽  
M. J. Kendall ◽  
B. Woodworth ◽  
C. R. Siviour
Keyword(s):  
Strain Softening ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Compressive Response ◽  
Polymer Binders

Whether used as structural components in design or matrix materials for composites, the mechanical properties of polymers are increasingly important. The compressive response of extruded polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) rod with aligned polymer chains and Al–Ni–PMMA particulate composites are investigated across a range of strain rates and temperatures. The particulate composites were prepared using an injection-moulding technique resulting in highly anisotropic microstructures. The mechanics of these materials are discussed in the light of theories of deformation for glassy polymers. The experimental data from this study are compared with PMMA results from the literature as well as epoxy-based composites with identical particulates. The PMMA exhibited the expected strain rate and temperature dependence and brittle failure was observed at the highest strain rates and lowest temperatures. The Al–Ni–PMMA composites were found to have similar stress–strain response to the PMMA with reduced strain softening after yield. Increasing volume fraction of particulates in the composite resulted in decreased strength.

A predictive mass transport model for gas separation using glassy polymer membranes

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (48) ◽  
pp. 38223-38234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Nabati Shoghl ◽  
Ahmadreza Raisi ◽  
Abdolreza Aroujalian
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Mass Transport ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Mass Transfer Model ◽  
Mass Transport Model

The NELF model was used for estimating gas sorption in non-equilibrium glassy polymers and a predictive mass transfer model was developed.

Quantifying the synergistic effect of dispersion state and interfacial adhesion contributions on impact strength of core shell rubber-toughened glassy polymers

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 3377-3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Khoubi-Arani ◽  
N. Mohammadi ◽  
M. R. Moghbeli ◽  
P. Pötschke
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Rubber Toughened ◽  
Dispersion State

Synergistically improved impact strength of a core shell rubber-toughened glassy polymer was rationalized with disparities ratio of |ΔT/ΔD|.

Growth Mechanism, Local Stresses, and Young's Moduli of Micro-Deformation Zones in Glassy Polymers Films by AFM

1993 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.-M. Yang ◽  
M.S. Kunz ◽  
T.W. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stress Distribution ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Strain Softening ◽  
Glassy Polymer ◽  
Glassy Polymers ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Local Stresses ◽  
Craze Initiation ◽  
Micro Deformation

ABSTRACTBy studying the topography of crazes and shear deformation zones in polymer films with the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), it was found that crazes and shear deformation zones grew by a micro-necking process. This discovery indicates that when a glassy polymer undergoes local deformations, the material drawn into the deformation zones continues to be deformed until a much later time than that previously understood. Details of the craze micro-necking mechanism and its important implications will be discussed. Based on the necking mechanics, it was shown that craze initiation and growth can be examined using a modified Considere construction, and the stress distribution within a micro-deformation zone was investigated by assuming the Bridgman's theory. The results of the stress analysis are in excellent agreement with the breakdown behavior of crazes observed experimentally. The Young's moduli of the crazed and sheared polymers within the tiny deformation zones were also measured using a simple new AFM technique. Evidence of strain softening was clearly observed in that both the Young's moduli of crazes and shear deformation zones were very low compared to that in the bulk.

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