3D Reduced Graphene Oxide Scaffolds with a Combinatorial Fibrous-Porous Architecture for Neural Tissue Engineering

: The neural tissue engineering has been designed as a subset of tissue engineering for treating congenital malformations and accident injuries, particularly for individuals requiring tissue grafting. Such transplants, usually performed as autografting, can often not meet the requirements of an effective scaffold used in nerve tissue engineering. A novel neural tissue scaffold was introduced here to solve the problem concerning the reduced graphene oxide. The three-dimensional graphene oxide in the neural canal restricts the formation of fibroglandular tissues and facilities neural stem cell proliferation and growth. In these techniques, graphene oxide aerogel was initially made. Then, the freeze-drying process was used to fix the geometry of reduced graphene oxide hydrogels prepared using graphene oxide dispersion and ethylenediamine and gain aerogels. The X-ray diffraction patterns, FTIR and morphological related to samples were examined, followed by conducting in-vitro micropropagation and 4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindol (DAPI) staining in fibroblast and P19 cultures. The results from immunofluorescence staining demonstrated the neural differentiation of P19 cells. It can be concluded that most cells attached to and differentiated on the scaffold surface and axons can penetrate randomly through them. Finally, the three-dimensional graphene oxide was proposed as an ideal alternative to be used in neural tissue engineering.

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Three-dimensional porous scaffold by self-assembly of reduced graphene oxide and nano-hydroxyapatite composites for bone tissue engineering

Carbon ◽

10.1016/j.carbon.2017.02.013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 116 ◽

pp. 325-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

Wei Nie ◽

Cheng Peng ◽

Xiaojun Zhou ◽

Liang Chen ◽

Weizhong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Porous Scaffold ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Reduced Graphene

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The influence of reduced graphene oxide on stem cells: a perspective in peripheral nerve regeneration

Regenerative Biomaterials ◽

10.1093/rb/rbab032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Xiangyun Yao ◽

Zhiwen Yan ◽

Xu Wang ◽

Huiquan Jiang ◽

Yun Qian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Peripheral Nerve ◽

Nerve Regeneration ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Composite Scaffolds ◽

Reduced Graphene

Abstract Graphene and its derivatives are fascinating materials for their extraordinary electrochemical and mechanical properties. In recent decades, many researchers explored their applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) possesses remarkable structural and functional resemblance to graphene, although some residual oxygen-containing groups and defects exist in the structure. Such structure holds great potential since the remnant-oxygenated groups can further be functionalized or modified. Moreover, oxygen-containing groups can improve the dispersion of rGO in organic or aqueous media. Therefore, it is preferable to utilize rGO in the production of composite materials. The rGO composite scaffolds provide favorable extracellular microenvironment and affect the cellular behavior of cultured cells in the peripheral nerve regeneration. On the one hand, rGO impacts on Schwann cells and neurons which are major components of peripheral nerves. On the other hand, rGO-incorporated composite scaffolds promote the neurogenic differentiation of several stem cells, including embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells and neural stem cells. This review will briefly introduce the production and major properties of rGO, and its potential in modulating the cellular behaviors of specific stem cells. Finally, we present its emerging roles in the production of composite scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering.

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Reduced Graphene Oxide Paper: Fabrication by a Green Thermal Reduction Method and Preliminary Study of its In Vitro Cytotoxicity

Journal of Nano Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.45.199 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 199-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xin Wang ◽

Peng Li ◽

Claudia Luedecke ◽

Qiang Zhang ◽

Zan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Mammalian Cells ◽

Reduction Method ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Thermal Reduction ◽

Graphene Films ◽

Reduced Graphene

Graphene films have been intensively explored because of their unique mechanical and physicochemical properties for potential applications in field of tissue engineering and implants. However, for biomedical applications, it is necessary to fully understand the toxicity and biocompatibility of the prepared graphene films since different synthesis method might lead to different biological properties. Here we report a step-by-step thermal reduction method of preparing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film directly on various substrates at low heating temperature (below about 200 °C) without requiring any chemical reduction agent like hydrazine or other reductants (therefore we call it green method). Slowly heating GO hydrosol that was coated on the surface of a glass cell-culture dish or inside of a polypropylene tube from room temperature to 60, 100, and 160 °C for 12 h, respectively, a shiny and flat surface without crumpled structure or tiny pores was formed. We peeled it off from the substrate to explore its cytotoxicity. The results exhibited that the rGO film was biocompatible with Cal-72 cell but against Escherichia coli bacteria. Our work confirmed that rGO film produced by the green reduction method is cytocompatible with mammalian cells, which makes this rGO film a promising material for tissue engineering scaffold or as a surface-modification coating of an implant.

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Electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol)/reduced graphene oxide nanofibrous scaffolds for skin tissue engineering

Colloids and Surfaces B Biointerfaces ◽

10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110994 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 191 ◽

pp. 110994 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kannan Badri Narayanan ◽

Gyu Tae Park ◽

Sung Soo Han

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Skin Tissue ◽

Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽

Skin Tissue Engineering ◽

Nanofibrous Scaffolds ◽

Reduced Graphene

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Reduced Graphene Oxide-GelMA Hybrid Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

Small ◽

10.1002/smll.201600178 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (27) ◽

pp. 3677-3689 ◽

Cited By ~ 180

Author(s):

Su Ryon Shin ◽

Claudio Zihlmann ◽

Mohsen Akbari ◽

Pribpandao Assawes ◽

Louis Cheung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Cardiac Tissue Engineering ◽

Hybrid Hydrogels ◽

Reduced Graphene

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Etched 3D-Printed Polycaprolactone Constructs Functionalized with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Attachment of Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13122146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2146

Author(s):

Austin J. Bow ◽

Thomas J. Masi ◽

Madhu S. Dhar

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Fluorescent Protein ◽

Acetic Acid Solution ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Reduced Graphene

A core challenge in the field of tissue engineering is the ability to establish pipeline workflows for the design and characterization of scaffold technologies with clinically translatable attributes. The parallel development of biomaterials and stem cell populations represents a self-sufficient and streamlined approach for establishing such a pipeline. In the current study, rat dental pulp stem cell (rDPSC) populations were established to assess functionalized polycaprolactone (PCL) constructs. Initial optimization and characterization of rDPSC extraction and culture conditions confirmed that cell populations were readily expandable and demonstrated surface markers associated with multi-potency. Subset populations were transduced to express DsRed fluorescent protein as a mechanism of tracking both cells and cell-derived extracellular matrix content on complex scaffold architecture. Thermoplastic constructs included reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as an additive to promote cellular attachment and were further modified by surface etching a weak acetic acid solution to roughen surface topographical features, which was observed to dramatically improve cell surface coverage in vitro. Based on these data, the modified rGO-functionalized PCL constructs represent a versatile platform for bone tissue engineering, capable of being applied as a standalone matrix or in conjunction with bio-active payloads such as DPSCs or other bio-inks.

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Electroactive 3D Printed Scaffolds Based on Percolated Composites of Polycaprolactone with Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide for Antibacterial and Tissue Engineering Applications

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10030428 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 428 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carolina Angulo-Pineda ◽

Kasama Srirussamee ◽

Patricia Palma ◽

Victor M. Fuenzalida ◽

Sarah H. Cartmell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Human Cell ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

Reduced Graphene

Applying electrical stimulation (ES) could affect different cellular mechanisms, thereby producing a bactericidal effect and an increase in human cell viability. Despite its relevance, this bioelectric effect has been barely reported in percolated conductive biopolymers. In this context, electroactive polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with conductive Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide (TrGO) nanoparticles were obtained by a 3D printing method. Under direct current (DC) along the percolated scaffolds, a strong antibacterial effect was observed, which completely eradicated S. aureus on the surface of scaffolds. Notably, the same ES regime also produced a four-fold increase in the viability of human mesenchymal stem cells attached to the 3D conductive PCL/TrGO scaffold compared with the pure PCL scaffold. These results have widened the design of novel electroactive composite polymers that could both eliminate the bacteria adhered to the scaffold and increase human cell viability, which have great potential in tissue engineering applications.

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