Unique Noncontact Monitoring of Human Respiration and Sweat Evaporation Using a CsPb2Br5-Based Sensor

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 5602-5613
Author(s):  
Myung-Yeon Cho ◽  
Ik-Soo Kim ◽  
Seok-hun Kim ◽  
Chulhwan Park ◽  
Nam-Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Respiration ◽  
Noncontact Monitoring ◽  
Sweat Evaporation

Comparison of silicate impregnation methods to reinforce Chinese fir wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Yuan Zhang ◽  
Yingfeng Zuo ◽  
Yiqiang Wu ◽  
Guangming Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
Smoke Production ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Strengthen Effect

AbstractInorganic impregnation strengthening of Chinese fir wood was carried out to improve the strength, dimensional stability, flame retardancy, and smoke suppression of Chinese fir wood. Sodium silicate was used as reinforcement, a sulfate and phosphate mixtures were used as a curing agent, and Chinese fir wood was reinforced by the respiratory impregnation method (RIM) that imitating human respiration and vacuum progressive impregnation method (VPIM). The weight percentage gain (WPG), density increase rate, distribution of modifier, bending strength (BS), compressive strength (CS), hardness, and water resistance of unreinforced Chinese fir wood from the VPIM and RIM were compared. It was found that RIM could effectively open the aspirated pits in Chinese fir wood, so its impregnation effect, strengthen effect and dimension stabilization effects were the best. RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood was filled with silicate both horizontally and vertically. At the same time, the transverse permeability of silicate through aspirated pits was significantly improved. The chemical structure, crystalline structure, flame retardancy, smoke suppression, and thermal stability of VPIM- and RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cone calorimeter (CONE), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that although the crystallinity of RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood decreased the most, more chemical crosslinking and hydrogen bonding were formed in the wood, and the strengthen effect was still the best. Compared with VPIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood, RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood had lower heat release rate (HRR), peak-HRR, mean-HRR, total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP), higher thermal decomposition temperature and residual rate. It was indicated that RIM-reinforced Chinese fir wood was a better flame retardant, and has a smoke suppression effect, thermal stability, and safety performance in the case of fire.

417 Transgender Hormone Therapy and Sleep-Disordered Breathing

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A165-A165
Author(s):  
Ronald Gavidia ◽  
Galit Levi Dunietz ◽  
Lisa Matlen ◽  
Shelley Hershner ◽  
Daphna Stroumsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Sleep Complaints ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Lower Oxygen ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Introduction Sex hormones may affect human respiration during wakefulness and sleep. Testosterone has been associated with increased obstructive respiratory events contributing to sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in men, whereas a protective effect against SDB has been attributed to estrogen in women. These associations, primarily observed in cisgender populations, have been rarely examined in transgender individuals on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The present study investigated associations between HRT and SDB in transgender adults. Methods A chart review of medical records from transgender patients was conducted in a large academic sleep medicine center. Individuals were included if they were at least 18 years old, had one or more sleep complaints, and SDB testing results available. Participants were then stratified by affirmed gender (transmasculine and transfeminine) and by HRT status. We used descriptive statistics procedures to examine differences between gender and HRT groups. Associations between HRT and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were estimated with age-adjusted linear regression models. Results Of the 194 individuals identified, 89 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Nearly half of participants were transmasculine (52%). The mean age was 38±13 years, and mean body mass index was 34.7±9.0 Kg/m2. Approximately 60% of participants were on HRT at the time of SDB evaluation. Transmasculine people who were prescribed testosterone had a significantly increased AHI and lower oxygen nadir in comparison to transmasculine individuals not on testosterone (AHI 36.8±37.8/hour vs.15.3±16.6/hour, p=0.01; oxygen nadir 83.4±8.3% vs. 89.1±2.4%, p=0.001). In contrast, differences between transfeminine people with and without feminizing HRT (androgen blocker + estrogen) were not statistically significant (AHI 21.4±27.7/hour vs. 27.7±26.0/hour, p=0.45; oxygen nadir 86.5±6.7% vs. 84.1±7.7%, p=0.29). Linear regression models adjusted for age found an association between HRT and AHI for transmasculine (β=16.7, 95% CI 2.7, 30.8), but not for transfeminine participants (β=-2.5, 95% CI -17.9, 12.9). Conclusion These findings suggest differential associations between HRT and AHI among transgender individuals, with transmasculine on testosterone having a significant increase in AHI. Prospective studies with large sample sizes are warranted to evaluate these associations. Support (if any) Dr. Gavidia’s work was supported by an NIH/NINDS T32-NS007222 grant

A new real-time and precision capnography for human respiration carbon dioxide concentration

Perfusion ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiachen Yang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Ran Xu ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Temperature Drift ◽  
New Device ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Gas Measurement

This paper is a description of the designing of a new mainstream device to measure human respiration carbon dioxide concentration, based on non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption technology. The device can be used to accurately monitor the cardiopulmonary status during anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation in real time. This new device can not only make up the error of real-time gas measurement of the side-stream device, but also make up the accuracy of the main-stream device. In the paper, four issues which can affect the measurement accuracy were considered: respiration gas flow, turbulence of the light source with all ranges of wavelength, temperature drift and signal noise. The experimental results showed that the device could produce a stable output signal and deviation of measurement accuracy could be achieved to within 4%.

Nano-copper Enhanced Flexible Device for Simultaneous Measurement of Human Cardio-pulmonary Activities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Kechao Lu ◽  
Mohammed Abdulaziz ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Electrical Measurement ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Flexible Device ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Human Respiration

Abstract Background: Cardiopulmonary activities reflect the ability of the human heart to pump blood and the lungs to inhale oxygen. Thus, a device could simultaneously measure electro-cardiac signal and respiratory pressure could provide vital signs for predicting early warning of cardio-pulmonary function-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, and respiratory system disease. Results: In this study, a flexible device integrated with piezo-resistive sensing element and voltage-sensing element was developed to simultaneously measure human respiration and electro-cardiac signal (including respiratory pressure, respiration frequency, and respiration rhythm; electro-cardio frequency, electro-cardio amplitude, and electro-cardio rhythm). When applied to the measurement of respiratory pressure, the piezo-resistive performance of the device was enhanced by nano-copper modification, which detection limitation of pressure can reduce to 100 Pa and the sensitivity of pressure can achieve to 0.053 ± 0.00079 kPa-1. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio during bio-electrical measurement was increased to 10.7 ± 1.4, five times better than that of the non-modified device. Conclusion: This paper presents a flexible device for the simultaneous detection of human respiration and cardiac electrical activity. To avoid interference between the two signals, the layout of the electrode and the strain sensor was optimized by FEA simulation analysis. To improve the piezo-resistive sensitivity and bio-electric capturing capability of the device, a feather-shaped nano-copper was modified onto the surface of carbon fiber. The operation simplicity, compact size, and portability of the device open up new possibilities for multi-parameter monitoring.

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