A new real-time and precision capnography for human respiration carbon dioxide concentration

Perfusion ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiachen Yang ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Ran Xu ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Temperature Drift ◽  
New Device ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Gas Measurement

This paper is a description of the designing of a new mainstream device to measure human respiration carbon dioxide concentration, based on non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) absorption technology. The device can be used to accurately monitor the cardiopulmonary status during anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation in real time. This new device can not only make up the error of real-time gas measurement of the side-stream device, but also make up the accuracy of the main-stream device. In the paper, four issues which can affect the measurement accuracy were considered: respiration gas flow, turbulence of the light source with all ranges of wavelength, temperature drift and signal noise. The experimental results showed that the device could produce a stable output signal and deviation of measurement accuracy could be achieved to within 4%.

Biological treatment characteristics of benzene and toluene in a biofilter packed with cylindrical activated carbon

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.-W. Li ◽  
H.-Y. Hu ◽  
J.-M. Hao ◽  
H.-Q. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Bacillus Spore ◽  
Maximum Removal

The biodegradation of toluene and benzene in a biofilter using cylindrical activated carbon as the filler materials was studied. Three gas flow rates, i.e. 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 m3/h, corresponding to empty bed gas residence of 75, 37.5 and 25 s, respectively, and total organic load lower than 400 g/m3.h were tested. The biofilter proved to be highly efficient in biodegradation of toluene and benzene, and toluene was more easily degraded than benzene. When each inlet load was lower than 150 g/m3.h, removal rate increased with inlet load and reached a maximum, which was 150 and 120 g/m−3.h for toluene and benzene, respectively. For inlet load higher than the maximum removal capacity conditions, the removal rate decreased with inlet load. Carbon dioxide concentration profile through the biofilter revealed that the mass ratios of carbon dioxide produced to the toluene and benzene removed were 2.15 g(CO2)/g(toluene) and 1.67 g(CO2)/g(benzene), which furthermore, confirmed the biodegradation performance in biofilter. The observation of biotic community demonstrated that the microbes consisted of bacillus, spore bacillus and fungi, of which the spore bacillus was dominant.

scholarly journals Design of Intelligent Monitoring System of Chicken House Environment Based on Single-chip Microcomputer

2018 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 02008
Author(s):  
Qing Du ◽  
Yanhua Miao ◽  
Yunhui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Single Chip Microcomputer ◽  
Intelligent Monitoring ◽  
Chicken House

In view of the problem that some chicken farms are susceptible to various bacteria and viruses due to poor breeding environment, this paper designs a chicken house environmental intelligent monitoring system based on single-chip microcomputer application to improve the chicken house environment. The system adopts STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer as the main control chip. The sensor collects information on the light intensity, temperature and humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, and controls the exhaust fan and the illumination lamp, and the environmental parameters can be displayed on the display in real time.

scholarly journals The Impact of Carbon Dioxide Concentration on the Human Health - Case Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kapalo ◽  
F. Domniţa ◽  
C. Bacoţiu ◽  
Nadija Spodyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Office Rooms ◽  
The Impact

Abstract From various other studies, it is known that the maximum carbon dioxide concentration in different countries is between 1,000 ppm up to 1,500 ppm. Therefore, the research is focused on indoor environment, namely the production of pollutants from the persons inside office rooms. The article presents the trend of the carbon dioxide concentration from the occupants inside an office. It is examined the carbon dioxide production separately for men and women, for persons of different mass and for persons of different ages. It is also analyzed the carbon dioxide production during a sedentary and physical activities. In parallel with the production of carbon dioxide is presented the monitoring of the human pulse and blood pressure. All these parameters are monitored together with relative humidity and indoor air temperature. The aims of this paper is to describe the partial results of human respiration impact on indoor air quality in closed spaces and to research the connection between carbon dioxide concentration and human health.

Application of Biomass Burning Stove in the Greenhouse Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 990-993
Author(s):  
Shuang Cui ◽  
Zhi Ping Xue ◽  
Qing Yu Liu ◽  
Ying Yu Zhu ◽  
Bao Quan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Fuel Utilization ◽  
Special Design ◽  
Fuel Burning ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Secondary Air ◽  
Pollution Emissions

According to the demands of greenhouse environmental conditions, this paper examines a solid fuel burning stove applied to compression molding of biomass in order to solve the issues which temperature is too low in greenhouses in winter north of China and carbon dioxide concentration is too low caused by insufficient ventilation number. The burning stove designed with big furnace, no grate and recalculated secondary air. Fuel utilization was improved in the largest degree in this design. Feed amount, feed rate and time are controlled by the PLC system which is adopted to make fuel fully burning, low pollution emissions and more automation. The temperature field and gas flow field changes is simulated by the FLUENT. The temperature of various sections and the formation of nitrogen oxides is reduced by the special design when burning. Experiment shows that sulfur dioxide concentration is about 0.41mg/m3, nitrogen dioxide is about 0.498mg/m3 which have no effect in growth and development of crops. This paper provides theoretic guidance for improving greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Continuous monitoring of membrane lung carbon dioxide removal during ECMO: experimental testing of a new volumetric capnometer

Perfusion ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 538-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Montalti ◽  
Mirko Belliato ◽  
Sandro Gelsomino ◽  
Sandro Nalon ◽  
Francesco Matteucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Ml Estimation ◽  
New Device ◽  
Membrane Lung ◽  
Blood Flow Ratio

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation constitutes a complex support modality, and accurate monitoring is required. An ideal monitoring system should promptly detect ECMO malfunctions and provide real-time information to optimize the patient–machine interactions. We tested a new volumetric capnometer which enables continuous monitoring of membrane lung carbon dioxide removal (V′CO2ML), to help in estimating the oxygenator performance, in terms of CO2 removal and oxygenator dead space (VDsML). Methods: This study was conducted on nine pigs undergoing veno-arterial ECMO due to cardiogenic shock after induced acute myocardial infarction. The accuracy and reliability of the prototype of the volumetric capnometer (CO2RESET™, by Eurosets srl, Medolla, Italy) device was evaluated for V′CO2ML and VDsML measurements by comparing the obtained measurements from the new device to a control capnometer with the sweep gas values. Measurements were taken at five different levels of gas flow/blood flow ratio (0.5-1.5). Agreement between the corresponding measurements was taken with the two methods. We expected that 95% of differences were between d − 1.96s and d + 1.96s. Results: In all, 120 coupled measurements from each device were obtained for the V′CO2ML calculation and 40 for the VDsML. The new capnometer mean percentage bias (95% confidence interval limits of agreement) was 3.86% (12.07-4.35%) for V′CO2ML and 2.62% (8.96-14.20%) for VDsML. A negative proportional bias for V′CO2ML estimation with the new device was observed with a mean of 3.86% (12.07-4.35%). No correlations were found between differences in the coupled V′CO2ML and VDsML measurements and the gas flow/blood flow ratio or temperature. Coupled measurements for V′CO2ML showed strong correlation (rs = 0.991; p = 0.0005), as did VDsML calculations (rs = 0.973; p = 0.0005). Conclusion: The volumetric capnometer is reliable for continuous monitoring of CO2 removal by membrane lung and VDsML calculations. Further studies are necessary to confirm these data.

Research and Exploration of Carbon Dioxide Concentration Real-Time Monitoring System Based on Freescale MCU

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 924-927
Author(s):  
Hai Tao Liu ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Step Motor ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control

This project put forward a kind of new low-cost real-time monitoring system of carbon dioxide. First, this equipment guides the gas into the device of chemical reaction by using step motor and measures the change of the gas’s volume which is guided into the device of chemical reaction after the reaction between the CO2 and NaOH by using the data-acquisition unit. Then, it processes data with Freescale MC9S12XS128 MCU and calculates the concentration of the CO2, in the meantime sends the data to the PC system by APC220V 3.0 wireless module, then using PC system makes the real time control over the concentration of the CO2 come true. Finally, detecting concentration accurately and steadily is achieved.

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