Nano-copper Enhanced Flexible Device for Simultaneous Measurement of Human Cardio-pulmonary Activities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Kechao Lu ◽  
Mohammed Abdulaziz ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Electrical Measurement ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Flexible Device ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Human Respiration

Abstract Background: Cardiopulmonary activities reflect the ability of the human heart to pump blood and the lungs to inhale oxygen. Thus, a device could simultaneously measure electro-cardiac signal and respiratory pressure could provide vital signs for predicting early warning of cardio-pulmonary function-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, and respiratory system disease. Results: In this study, a flexible device integrated with piezo-resistive sensing element and voltage-sensing element was developed to simultaneously measure human respiration and electro-cardiac signal (including respiratory pressure, respiration frequency, and respiration rhythm; electro-cardio frequency, electro-cardio amplitude, and electro-cardio rhythm). When applied to the measurement of respiratory pressure, the piezo-resistive performance of the device was enhanced by nano-copper modification, which detection limitation of pressure can reduce to 100 Pa and the sensitivity of pressure can achieve to 0.053 ± 0.00079 kPa-1. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio during bio-electrical measurement was increased to 10.7 ± 1.4, five times better than that of the non-modified device. Conclusion: This paper presents a flexible device for the simultaneous detection of human respiration and cardiac electrical activity. To avoid interference between the two signals, the layout of the electrode and the strain sensor was optimized by FEA simulation analysis. To improve the piezo-resistive sensitivity and bio-electric capturing capability of the device, a feather-shaped nano-copper was modified onto the surface of carbon fiber. The operation simplicity, compact size, and portability of the device open up new possibilities for multi-parameter monitoring.

scholarly journals Nano-copper Enhanced Flexible Device for Simultaneous Measurement of Human Respiratory and Electro-cardiac Activities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Kechao Lu ◽  
Mohammed Abdulaziz ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Electrical Measurement ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Flexible Device ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Human Respiration

Abstract Background: Dysfunction of human respiratory and electro-cardiac activities could affect the ability of the heart to pump blood and the lungs to inhale oxygen. Thus, a device could simultaneously measure electro-cardiac signal and respiratory pressure could provide vital signs for predicting early warning of cardio-pulmonary function-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, and respiratory system disease. Results: In this study, a flexible device integrated with piezo-resistive sensing element and voltage-sensing element was developed to simultaneously measure human respiration and electro-cardiac signal (including respiratory pressure, respiration frequency, and respiration rhythm; electro-cardio frequency, electro-cardio amplitude, and electro-cardio rhythm). When applied to the measurement of respiratory pressure, the piezo-resistive performance of the device was enhanced by nano-copper modification, which detection limitation of pressure can reduce to 100 Pa and the sensitivity of pressure can achieve to 0.053 ± 0.00079 kPa-1. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio during bio-electrical measurement was increased to 10.7 ± 1.4, five times better than that of the non-modified device. Conclusion: This paper presents a flexible device for the simultaneous detection of human respiration and cardiac electrical activity. To avoid interference between the two signals, the layout of the electrode and the strain sensor was optimized by FEA simulation analysis. To improve the piezo-resistive sensitivity and bio-electric capturing capability of the device, a feather-shaped nano-copper was modified onto the surface of carbon fiber. The operation simplicity, compact size, and portability of the device open up new possibilities for multi-parameter monitoring.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural visualization of cytoskeletal mRNAs and their associated proteins using double-label in situ hybridization.

1989 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 2343-2353 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Singer ◽  
G L Langevin ◽  
J B Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Nucleic Acid Molecule

We have been able to visualize cytoskeletal messenger RNA molecules at high resolution using nonisotopic in situ hybridization followed by whole-mount electron microscopy. Biotinated cDNA probes for actin, tubulin, or vimentin mRNAs were hybridized to Triton-extracted chicken embryo fibroblasts and myoblasts. The cells were then exposed to antibodies against biotin followed by colloidal gold-conjugated antibodies and then critical-point dried. Identification of mRNA was possible using a probe fragmented to small sizes such that hybridization of several probe fragments along the mRNA was detected as a string of colloidal gold particles qualitatively and quantitatively distinguishable from nonspecific background. Extensive analysis showed that when eight gold particles were seen in this iterated array, the signal to noise ratio was greater than 30:1. Furthermore, these gold particles were colinear, often spiral, or circular suggesting detection of a single nucleic acid molecule. Antibodies against actin, vimentin, or tubulin proteins were used after in situ hybridization, allowing simultaneous detection of the protein and its cognate message on the same sample. This revealed that cytoskeletal mRNAs are likely to be extremely close to actin protein (5 nm or less) and unlikely to be within 20 nm of vimentin or tubulin filaments. Actin mRNA was found to be more predominant in lamellipodia of motile cells, confirming previous results. These results indicate that this high resolution in situ hybridization approach is a powerful tool by which to investigate the association of mRNA with the cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Non-Contact Measurement of Human Respiration and Heartbeat Using W-band Doppler Radar Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heesoo Kim ◽  
Jinho Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Band Pass Filter ◽  
Radar Sensor ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Contact Measurement ◽  
W Band ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Respiration Signal

This paper presents a W-band continuous-wave (CW) Doppler radar sensor for non-contact measurement of human respiration and heartbeat. The very short wavelength of the W-band signal allows a high-precision detection of the displacement of the chest surface by the heartbeat as well as respiration. The CW signal at 94 GHz is transmitted through a high-gain horn antenna to the human chest at a distance of 1 m. The phase-modulated reflection signal is down-converted to the baseband by the quadrature mixer with an excellent amplitude and phase matches between I and Q channels, which makes the IQ mismatch correction in the digital domain unnecessary. The baseband I and Q data are digitized using data acquisition (DAQ) board. The arctangent demodulation with automatic phase unwrapping is applied to the low-pass filtered I and Q data to effectively solve the null point problem. A slow-varying DC component is rejected in the demodulated signal by the trend removal algorithm. Then, the respiration signal with a frequency of 0.27 Hz and a displacement of ~6.1 mm is retrieved by applying a low-pass filter. Finally, the respiration signal is removed by the band-pass filter and the heartbeat signal is extracted, showing a frequency of 1.35 Hz and a displacement of ~0.26 mm. The extracted respiration and heartbeat rates are very close to the manual measurement results. The demonstrated W-band CW radar sensors can be easily applied to find the angular location of the human body by using a phased array under a compact size.

scholarly journals Software-Defined Doppler Radar Sensor for Human Breathing Detection

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 3085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Costanzo
Keyword(s):  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Phase Correlation ◽  
Wireless Sensing ◽  
Radar Sensor ◽  
Human Respiration ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Radio Transceiver

Non-contact wireless sensing approaches have emerged in recent years, in order to enable novel enhanced developments in the framework of healthcare and biomedical scenarios. One of these technologically advanced solutions is given by software-defined radar platforms, a low-cost radar implementation, where all operations are implemented and easily changed via software. In the present paper, a software-defined radar implementation with Doppler elaboration features is presented, to be applied for the non-contact monitoring of human respiration signals. A quadrature receiver I/Q (In-phase/Quadrature) architecture is adopted in order to overcome the critical issues related to the occurrences of null detection points, while the phase-locked loop components included in the software defined radio transceiver are successfully exploited to guarantee the phase correlation between I/Q signal components. The proposed approach leads to a compact, low-cost, and flexible radar solution, whose application abilities may be simply changed via software, with no need for hardware modifications. Experimental results on a human target are discussed so as to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach for vital signs detection.

scholarly journals Self-Reset Image Sensor With a Signal-to-Noise Ratio Over 70 dB and Its Application to Brain Surface Imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanet Pakpuwadon ◽  
Kiyotaka Sasagawa ◽  
Mark Christian Guinto ◽  
Yasumi Ohta ◽  
Makito Haruta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Activity ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Sensor ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Unstable State ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Noise Ratio

In this study, we propose a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor with a self-resetting system demonstrating a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to detect small intrinsic signals such as a hemodynamic reaction or neural activity in a mouse brain. The photodiode structure was modified from N-well/P-sub to P+/N-well/P-sub to increase the photodiode capacitance to reduce the number of self-resets required to decrease the unstable stage. Moreover, our new relay board was used for the first time. As a result, an effective SNR of over 70 dB was achieved within the same pixel size and fill factor. The unstable state was drastically reduced. Thus, we will be able to detect neural activity. With its compact size, this device has significant potential to become an intrinsic signal detector in freely moving animals. We also demonstrated in vivo imaging with image processing by removing additional noise from the self-reset operation.

scholarly journals A Novel Method of Radar Emitter Identification Based on the Coherent Feature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5256
Author(s):  
Jian Xue ◽  
Lan Tang ◽  
Xinggan Zhang ◽  
Lin Jin
Keyword(s):  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Main Peak ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Coherent Signals ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Peak Value

To deal with the problem of reliability degradation of radar emitter identification (REID) based on the traditional five parameters in a complex electromagnetic environment, a new feature extraction method based on the autocorrelation function of coherent signals, which makes full use of the coherent characteristic of modern radar emitters, is proposed in this paper. The main idea of this paper is utilizing the instantaneous autocorrelation function to obtain the correlation results of coherent and noncoherent signals. To this end, a new feature parameter, named the ratio of the secondary peak value to the main peak value (SMR), is defined to describe the difference of correlation results between coherent and noncoherent signals. Through simulation analysis, the feasibility of using SMR as the coherent feature for REID is verified. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the coherent feature, an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was introduced to compare the comprehensive performance of the coherent feature and the existing parameters, and then convolution neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM) were selected as the classifier to check the recognition capability of the proposed feature. Simulation results show that the proposed feature can not only be used as a new feature for REID but can also be used as a supplement to existing feature parameters to improve the accuracy of REID as it is more insensitive to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and signal modulation type changes.

scholarly journals MEMS-Based Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Pulse Wave and Respiration Rate

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thanh-Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Masaaki Ichiki
Keyword(s):  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Inner Pressure ◽  
Sensor Device ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
The Subject

The continuous measurements of vital signs (body temperature, blood pressure, pulse wave, and respiration rate) are important in many applications across various fields, including healthcare and sports. To realize such measurements, wearable devices that cause minimal discomfort to the wearers are highly desired. Accordingly, a device that can measure multiple vital signs simultaneously using a single sensing element is important in order to reduce the number of devices attached to the wearer’s body, thereby reducing user discomfort. Thus, in this study, we propose a device with a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based pressure sensor that can simultaneously measure the blood pulse wave and respiration rate using only one sensing element. In particular, in the proposed device, a thin silicone tube, whose inner pressure can be measured via a piezoresistive cantilever, is attached to the nose pad of a pair of eyeglasses. On wearing the eyeglasses, the tube of sensor device is in contact with the area above the angular artery and nasal cavity of the subject, and thus, both pulse wave and breath of the subject cause the tube’s inner pressure to change. We experimentally show that it is possible to extract information related to pulse wave and respiration as the low-frequency and high-frequency components of the sensor signal, respectively.

scholarly journals A PLL-Based Online Estimation of Induction Motor Consumption Without Electrical Measurement

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Doget ◽  
Erik Etien ◽  
Laurent Rambault ◽  
Sébastien Cauet
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Asynchronous Motor ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Electrical Measurement ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Real Time Estimation ◽  
Electrical Consumption

This work is supported by a company wishing to develop new products in the field of energy monitoring in industry. It concerns the real-time estimation of the electrical consumption of an asynchronous motor without electrical measurement. The challenge consists of estimating the characteristic quantities of the motor (speed, torque, powers, efficiency) with only one vibratory measurement, information on the nameplate and commercial documentation available online. To obtain a real-time estimate, traditional FFT analysis is replaced by a PLL initially designed for power grid analysis. So, the second challenge is to modify this PLL for use with vibratory measurement characterized by a low signal-to-noise ratio, amplitude variations and a non-stationary behavior. A complete design and experimental tests are presented to validate the proposed approach.

A first-in-human phase I imaging study using hyperpolarized 1c-13 pyruvate (h-Py) in patients (pts) with localized prostate cancer (l-PCa).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 4660-4660
Author(s):  
Andrea Lynne Harzstark ◽  
Vivian K. Weinberg ◽  
Krystyna Grycz ◽  
Ralph E. Hurd ◽  
Jan Henrik Ardenkjaer-Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Nuclear Polarization ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Normal Prostate ◽  
Expansion Cohort ◽  
Kinetics Of

4660 Background: Preclinical studies demonstrated that the conversion of h-Py to hyperpolarized 13C lactate (h-lac) is detectable on MRI-spectroscopy and is a useful marker of differentiation in PCa. H-Py MRI provides more than 10,000-fold enhancement in signal to noise ratio (SNR), allowing for rapid detection of metabolic alterations in vivo. Hyperpolarized compounds have not been previously studied in man. Methods: Pts with biopsy-proven untreated l-PCa were enrolled in a phase I study of h-Py MRI. Following a modified 3+3 design, 6 pts were enrolled at each dose level (0.14, 0.28 and 0.43 mL/Kg): 3 to monitor kinetics of h-Py, and 3 to evaluate the spatial distribution of metabolism in PCa and normal prostate (nl-P). An expansion cohort of 15 pts explored the biological variability of metabolism. A dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) system, the first human system anywhere, generated and delivered 230 mM sterile h-Py. IV injection of h-Py was followed by imaging with a 3T MR scanner with custom transmit and receive coils. Monitoring included EKG, vital signs, and laboratory testing. Results: 31 pts were imaged. 23 pts had Gleason (G) 6, 6 pts G7, and 2 pts G8 PCa. Median age was 63 years (range 45-75); median PSA was 5.9 ng/mL (1.88-20.2). No dose limiting toxicities or >grade (gr) 2 toxicity was observed. Toxicity included: gr 1dysgeusia (6 pts), gr 1 hypokalemia, gr 1 hypocalcemia, gr 1 dizziness, and gr 2 diarrhea (1 pt each). Median time from dissolution of the agent to delivery into patients was 66 seconds (43-88). Signals from h-Py and h-Lac were seen in PCa and nl-P at all doses; 0.43 mL/Kg showed the best SNR and discrimination between PCa and nl-P and was therefore established as the phase II dose. There appeared to be an association between h-Lac levels and PCa grade. Conclusions: H-py metabolic imaging has minimal toxicity and provides the ability to discriminate Ca from nl-P based on increased levels of h-lac. The correlation with grade and changes with therapy require further study.

Error Correction of Coding of Wireless Transmission Channel of Digital Images

2014 ◽  
Vol 536-537 ◽  
pp. 771-775
Author(s):  
Ming Kai Yue ◽  
Jia Hao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Turbo Code ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Wireless Channel ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Transmission Channel ◽  
Noise Interference ◽  
Wireless Channel Model

The wireless channel model, which was suitable with the complex environment of battlefield, was built by analyzing the digital image of wireless transmission channel, the transmission characteristics and the fading type. The error correction of coding for the compressed code stream of image was carried out specifically with Turbo code, and the Simulink simulation model was designed. The system simulation analysis was carried out for the performance parameters that affect the Turbo code and the BER performance of as-built wireless channel model. The results showed that the Turbo code is a kind of error correction one, which is anti-fading and strong interference among codes. It can not only reach higher peak signal to noise ratio, but also transmit more steadily and more reliably in the changeable channel environment under noise interference. Furthermore, the turbo can be applied for code correction and controlling.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document