A Nanoscale Metal Alkoxide/Oxide Adhesion Layer Enables Spatially Controlled Metallization of Polymer Surfaces

10.1021/am9004946 â—½  
2009 â—½  
Vol 1 (10) â—½  
pp. 2119-2122 â—½  
Author(s):  
T. Joseph Dennes â—½  
Jeffrey Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Surfaces â—½  
Metal Alkoxide â—½  
Adhesion Layer â—½  
Oxide Adhesion

A metal oxide adhesion layer prepared with water based coating solution for wet Cu metallization of glass interposer

2015 â—½  
Vol 2015 (1) â—½  
pp. 000365-000369 â—½  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Liu â—½  
Sara Hunegnaw â—½  
Hailuo Fu â—½  
Jun Wang â—½  
Tafadzwa Magaya â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide â—½  
High Frequency â—½  
Metal Layer â—½  
Flat Glass â—½  
Adhesive Layer â—½  
Adhesion Layer â—½  
Coating Solution â—½  
Glass Substrates â—½  
Oxide Precursor â—½  
Oxide Adhesion

Inorganic interposers made of glass are attractive for advanced high frequency applications and ultra- fine line patterning technology. Because glass combines a couple of benefits like large form factor, good coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) matching to silicon, smooth surface and a low dielectric constant and loss tangent. Recently much progress has been made with respect to glass electrical and physical properties. This allows for handling of thin glass sheets down to 100 μm in a typical PCB panel format. Also advances have been made in the area of laser drilling allowing aspect ratio up to 1:10 for 25 μm diameter of through glass via (TGV). Another major challenge is the cost competitive and reliable metallization of smooth glass, a critical prerequisite for the use of glass substrates in the electronic packaging market. Plated copper does not adhere directly to glass. Sputtering technology typically also requires a 50 nm thick adhesion promoting metal layer (like Ti) before copper can be seeded. This metal layer could not be etched together with the copper and needs to be removed between traces by etching in an additional step. A volatile flammable solvent based metal oxide precursor coating solution has been used to make an adhesive metal oxide layer by a modified sol-gel process. To prevent potential safety issue for mass production water based metal oxide precursor coating solution so called VitroCoat GI W has been developed. The VitroCoat GI W solution can be dip-coated on flat glass surface and TGVs followed by sintering to form an ultrathin metal oxide adhesion layer (about 10nm). The thin adhesive layer enables electroless and electrolytic copper plating directly onto glass substrates without changing any of the glass properties or impacting high frequency performance. The thin metal oxide adhesive layer is non-conductive and can be easily removed from the area between circuit traces. This paper will focus on the coating uniformity and capability of VitroCoat GI W on flat glass surface and TGVs and the adhesion of wet chemical metallization on glass interposer. This adhesion layer can be used for copper fine line patterning on glass and radio frequency (RF) device fabrication.

Using a Metal Oxide Adhesion Layer and Wet Chemical Cu Metallization for Fine Line Pattern Formation on Glass

2017 â—½  
Vol 2017 (1) â—½  
pp. 000458-000463
Author(s):  
Michael Merschky â—½  
Fabian Michalik â—½  
Martin Thoms â—½  
Robin Taylor â—½  
Diego Reinoso-Cocina â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide â—½  
Seed Layer â—½  
Sol Gel â—½  
Adhesive Layer â—½  
Ferric Sulfate â—½  
Copper Plating â—½  
Adhesion Layer â—½  
Adhesion Promotion â—½  
Copper Seed Layer â—½  
Oxide Adhesion

Abstract With the trends towards miniaturization and heterogeneous integration, both IC and advanced substrate manufacturers are striving to meet the needs of next generation platforms, to increase the density of interconnects, and generate conductors featuring finer lines and spaces. Advanced manufacturing technologies such as Semi-Additive-Processing (SAP) and Advanced Modified-Semi-Additive-Processing (amSAP) were devised, realized and implemented in order to meet these requirements. Line and space (L/S) requirements of copper conductors will be below 5/5μm for advanced substrates, with 2/2μm L/S required for chip to chip connections in the near future. Herein we report about the performance of the new developed ferric sulfate based EcoFlash™ process for SAP and amSAP application with the focus on glass as the substrate and VitroCoat as thin metal oxide adhesion promotion layer. The adhesion promotion layer (about 5–10 nm thickness) is dip-coated by a modified sol-gel process followed by sintering which creates chemical bonds to the glass. The sol-gel dip coating process offers good coating uniformity on both Though-Glass-Via (TGV) and glass surfaces under optimized coating conditions. Uniform coating can be achieved up to aspect ratios of 10:1 by using a 300μm thick glass with 30μm diameter TGV. The thin adhesive layer enables electroless and electrolytic copper plating directly onto glass substrates. Excellent adhesion of electroless plated copper seed layer on glass can be achieved by using the adhesive layer and annealing technology. The thin adhesive layer is non-conductive and can be easily removed from the area between circuit traces together with the electroless copper seed layer by etching with a ferric sulfate based process. We have successfully integrated the adhesion layer and electroless and electrolytic copper plating technologies into semi-additive process and seed layer etching capable producing L/S below 10 μm.

Plasticity-Related Phenomena in Metallic Films on Substrates

MRS Proceedings â—½  
2003 â—½  
Vol 779 â—½  
Author(s):  
M. Legros â—½  
G. Dehm â—½  
T.J. Balk â—½  
E. Arzt â—½  
O. Bostrom â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stresses â—½  
Metallic Films â—½  
Thermal Cycles â—½  
Adhesion Layer â—½  
Alumina Thin Film â—½  
Interfacial Dislocations â—½  
Dislocation Behaviour â—½  
Dislocation Sources â—½  
Oxide Adhesion

AbstractPlastic deformation due to thermal stresses has been investigated for different metallic films deposited on Si or α-alumina substrates. We conducted post-mortem TEM and SEM investigations of samples that underwent thermal cycles in order to capture the microstructural changes imposed by thermal stresses. The ultimate goal is to determine the dominant plasticity mechanisms responsible for such changes. In-situ thermal cycles performed inside the TEM allowed direct and real-time observations of dislocation behaviour under stress. It is shown that dislocation density drops in Al/Si, Au/Si and in Cu/α-alumina thin film systems. Except in the case of pseudo-epitaxial Cu on sapphire, the interaction of dislocations with the interfaces (passivation, oxide, adhesion layer) is attractive and leads to the disappearance of interfacial dislocations. In this light, the generalized observation of high tensile stresses that arise in metallic films at the end of cooling is explained in terms of insufficient dislocation sources instead of classic strain hardening. Diffusional processes can substitute for a lack of dislocation, but the low relaxation strain rate that would be excpected should lead to high stresses during the cooling stages of thermal cycles.

Electroless and Electrolytic Copper Plating of Glass Interposer Combined with Metal Oxide Adhesion Layer for Manufacturing 3D RF Devices

2016 â—½  
Author(s):  
Zhiming Liu â—½  
Hailuo Fu â—½  
Sara Hunegnaw â—½  
Jun Wang â—½  
Michael Merschky â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide â—½  
Copper Plating â—½  
Adhesion Layer â—½  
Electrolytic Copper â—½  
Rf Devices â—½  
Oxide Adhesion

Effect of magnesium oxide adhesion layer on resonance behavior of plasmonic nanostructures

10.1063/5.0008665 â—½  
2020 â—½  
Vol 116 (24) â—½  
pp. 241601
Author(s):  
Parinaz Sadri-Moshkenani â—½  
Mohammad Wahiduzzaman Khan â—½  
Md. Shafiqul Islam â—½  
Eric Montoya â—½  
Ilya Krivorotov â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Oxide â—½  
Plasmonic Nanostructures â—½  
Adhesion Layer â—½  
Resonance Behavior â—½  
Oxide Adhesion

Titanium Oxide Adhesion Layer for High Temperature Annealed Si/Si3N4/TiO x /Pt/LiCoO2 Battery Structures

2015 â—½  
Vol 45 (2) â—½  
pp. 910-916 â—½  
Author(s):  
E. M. F. Vieira â—½  
J. F. Ribeiro â—½  
R. Sousa â—½  
M. M. Silva â—½  
L. Dupont â—½  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature â—½  
Titanium Oxide â—½  
Adhesion Layer â—½  
Oxide Adhesion

Effects of Electrical Discharges in Low Pressure Gases on the Morphology of Polyethylene Crystals

1974 â—½  
Vol 32 â—½  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
L.H. Bolz â—½  
D.H. Reneker
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution â—½  
Electrical Discharge â—½  
Dielectric Breakdown â—½  
Ionic Species â—½  
Low Pressure â—½  
Polymer Surfaces â—½  
Electrical Discharges â—½  
Adhesive Bonds â—½  
Power Distribution Lines â—½  
Modification Of The Surface

The attack, on the surface of a polymer, by the atomic, molecular and ionic species that are created in a low pressure electrical discharge in a gas is interesting because: 1) significant interior morphological features may be revealed, 2) dielectric breakdown of polymeric insulation on high voltage power distribution lines involves the attack on the polymer of such species created in a corona discharge, 3) adhesive bonds formed between polymer surfaces subjected to such SDecies are much stronger than bonds between untreated surfaces, 4) the chemical modification of the surface creates a reactive surface to which a thin layer of another polymer may be bonded by glow discharge polymerization.

Applications of Time-OF-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (TOF-SIMS)

1990 â—½  
Vol 48 (2) â—½  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Bruno Schueler â—½  
Robert W. Odom
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry â—½  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry â—½  
Structural Information â—½  
Time Of Flight â—½  
Biological Tissues â—½  
Polymer Surfaces â—½  
Tof Sims â—½  
Secondary Ions â—½  
Ion Mass Spectrometry â—½  
Secondary Ion

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) provides unique capabilities for elemental and molecular compositional analysis of a wide variety of surfaces. This relatively new technique is finding increasing applications in analyses concerned with determining the chemical composition of various polymer surfaces, identifying the composition of organic and inorganic residues on surfaces and the localization of molecular or structurally significant secondary ions signals from biological tissues. TOF-SIMS analyses are typically performed under low primary ion dose (static SIMS) conditions and hence the secondary ions formed often contain significant structural information.This paper will present an overview of current TOF-SIMS instrumentation with particular emphasis on the stigmatic imaging ion microscope developed in the authors’ laboratory. This discussion will be followed by a presentation of several useful applications of the technique for the characterization of polymer surfaces and biological tissues specimens. Particular attention in these applications will focus on how the analytical problem impacts the performance requirements of the mass spectrometer and vice-versa.

Thrombus formation on artificial surfaces: Correlative microscopy

1990 â—½  
Vol 48 (3) â—½  
pp. 840-841
Author(s):  
Quintin J. Lai â—½  
Stuart L. Cooper â—½  
Ralph M. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy â—½  
High Resolution â—½  
Low Voltage â—½  
Thrombus Formation â—½  
Blood Platelets â—½  
Polymer Surfaces â—½  
Flow Conditions â—½  
Transmission Electron â—½  
Adhesion Of Platelets â—½  
Microscopic Techniques

Thrombus formation and embolization are significant problems for blood-contacting biomedical devices. Two major components of thrombi are blood platelets and the plasma protein, fibrinogen. Previous studies have examined interactions of platelets with polymer surfaces, fibrinogen with platelets, and platelets in suspension with spreading platelets attached to surfaces. Correlative microscopic techniques permit light microscopic observations of labeled living platelets, under static or flow conditions, followed by the observation of identical platelets by electron microscopy. Videoenhanced, differential interference contrast (DIC) light microscopy permits high-resolution, real-time imaging of live platelets and their interactions with surfaces. Interference reflection microscopy (IRM) provides information on the focal adhesion of platelets on surfaces. High voltage, transmission electron microscopy (HVEM) allows observation of platelet cytoskeletal structure of whole mount preparations. Low-voltage, high resolution, scanning electron microscopy allows observation of fine surface detail of platelets. Colloidal gold-labeled fibrinogen, used to identify the Gp Ilb/IIIa membrane receptor for fibrinogen, can be detected in all the above microscopies.

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