Phenol Tests. I. A Classification of the Tests and a Review of the Literature.

1926 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Review Of The Literature

The physical basis of application of positron emission tomography and modern radiopharms

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.I. , Galchenko ◽  
◽  
A.N. Kalyagin
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Time Distribution ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Physical Basis ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Annihilation Radiation ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Practice ◽  
Positron Emission

This article provides a review of the literature on the history, physical and technical foundations and features of the application of positron emission tomography (PET), which came into practice in the 1970s. PET is a method of visualizing the space-time distribution of a positron-emitting radiopharmaceutical (RP) in the patient‘s body by annihilation radiation. The classification of radiopharmaceuticals that are used in clinical and diagnostic practice is considered.

scholarly journals Shared value: a bibliometric review of the literature from the approaches of strategy, corporate social responsibility and stakeholder

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (66) ◽  
pp. 172-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Maestre-Matos ◽  
Andrea Paola Paez Cabas ◽  
Jahir Enrique Lombana-Coy
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Value Integration ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Conceptual Evolution

The recent rise of the Shared Value (SV) concept justifies the debate about its possible conceptual developments. The objective of this article is to analyze the conceptual evolution of the SV showing its approaches from strategy, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and stakeholders. The methodology used for research consists of a systematic review of the literature, using as input for the classification of articles, the graphs theory and a bibliometric analysis through the Tree of Science (ToS) tool. The analysis focuses on the evolution of the concept of SV (start, development and trends) observing the maintenance of the original approaches and new trends in concept application. It is concluded that although the origin of the SV does not yet have a defined consensus, there are some coincident characteristics for its application, such as: creation of mutual value, integration of economic and social value and the generation of positive impacts on stakeholders.

Familial Eruptive Syringomas: Case Report and Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Lau ◽  
Richard M. Haber
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Benign Neoplasms ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Causative Gene ◽  
Unusual Condition ◽  
Clinical Variant ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Syringomas are benign neoplasms of eccrine origin. A clinical variant is eruptive syringomas, which presents as firm, smooth, yellow to pigmented papules that appear as successive crops on the neck, axillae, chest, abdomen, and/or periumbilical region. To our knowledge, there are only 10 published reports of familial eruptive syringomas. Herein we describe the eleventh report of familial eruptive syringomas, review the literature on this unusual presentation, and suggest a novel classification of familial syringomas based on our literature review. Observations: We report two cases of eruptive syringoma within a family. Eruptive syringomas were widely distributed on the trunk of a healthy 16-year-old female and her 19-year-old brother. Both the 19-year-old man and his mother also had infraorbital syringomas. Conclusion: Familial eruptive syringomas are a rare clinical entity that is likely autosomal dominantly inherited. Future reports of this unusual condition may provide further insight into the etiology of familial syringomas, and genetic analysis of cases may enable the causative gene mutation to be determined.

scholarly journals Application of Technological Solutions in the Fight against Money Laundering—A Systematic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leite ◽  
Albuquerque ◽  
Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Support Mechanisms ◽  
Combat Money Laundering

With the growing interest in technological solutions aimed at combating money laundering, several studies involving the application of technology have been carried out. However, there were no records of studies aimed at identifying, selecting, rigorously analyzing and synthesizing the literature on solutions that adopt technology to combat money laundering. This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on the application of technological solutions in the fight against money laundering. Seventy-one papers were selected from the 795 studies initially retrieved for data extraction, analysis and synthesis based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained with the data analysis made it possible to identify a general categorization of the domains of application of the approaches, as well as a mapping and classification of the support mechanisms adopted. The findings of this review showed that, among the application domain categories identified, the detection of suspicious transactions attracted greater attention from researchers. Regarding the support mechanisms adopted, the application of data mining techniques was used more extensively to detect money laundering. Topics for further research and refinement were also identified, such as the need for a better description of data analysis to provide more convincing evidence to support the benefits presented.

scholarly journals Varieties of Populist Parties and Party Systems in Europe: From State-of-the-Art to the Application of a Novel Classification Scheme to 66 Parties in 33 Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Zulianello
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Review Article ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Empirical Application

AbstractDespite the explosion of populism research, there is a shortage of comprehensive analyses of the ideational varieties of populist parties and of the different roles they play in contemporary party systems. In order to overcome such limitations, I provide a state-of-the-art review of the literature on the classification of populist parties and make three innovative contributions to populism research. First, by adopting a truly pan-European perspective to cover, in addition to EU member countries, contexts that are generally overlooked, including but not limited to Liechtenstein, Russia, Serbia and Ukraine, this review article provides an empirical application of the ideational approach to populism to 66 contemporary parties. Second, it highlights the major shortcomings of common approaches to the study of populist parties in contemporary party systems, which almost invariably treat them as ‘challengers’ or ‘outsiders’. Finally, it pushes the agenda further by providing a classification and empirical overview of the three interactive patterns characterizing the 66 populist parties under analysis: non-integration, negative integration and positive integration.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Transcutaneous Transseptal Orbital Decompression in Treating Acute Retrobulbar Hemorrhage and a Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Zimmerer ◽  
Katrin Schattmann ◽  
Harald Essig ◽  
Philipp Jehn ◽  
Marc Metzger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Orbital Decompression ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Orbital Trauma ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Retrobulbar Hemorrhage

Decreasing visual acuity secondary to orbital trauma may be caused by sudden space-occupying or expanding intraorbital lesions, including retrobulbar hemorrhage (RBH), herniation, or swelling. RBH must be diagnosed and treated immediately. This article addresses the efficacy of transcutaneous transseptal orbital decompression in a combination with a systematic review of the literature for a comparison of this method with existing treatment options. For this study the department's database was retrospectively screened for patients with acute RBH who were treated between 2009 and 2011 using the authors’ approach. Patients presenting with RBH were classified into RBH classes I to III according to three different clinical and radiological manifestations of acute RBH. The efficacy of transcutaneous transseptal orbital decompression was assessed by postoperative visual acuities. The literature review was performed by using the MEDLINE database. The time period for the study was between 2009 and 2011 during which 10 patients were diagnosed with suspected RBH and 9 were treated with the authors’ technique. Visual acuities were reconstituted or maintained in almost 86% of patients who were diagnosed and treated according to the authors approach and who survived initial trauma. It was concluded that transcutaneous transseptal orbital decompression provides an efficient and rapid approach for treating patients with acute RBH. By distinguishing three different manifestations of acute RBH, the authors present a diagnostic tool that may facilitate classification of RBH and determination of treatment options.

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