scholarly journals π-Diradical Aromatic Soot Precursors in Flames

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob W. Martin ◽  
Laura Pascazio ◽  
Angiras Menon ◽  
Jethro Akroyd ◽  
Katharina Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soot Precursors

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DETAILED CHEMICAL KINETIC MODELS OF SOOT PRECURSORS FOR ETHYLENE/AIR COMBUSTION

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Fernando Figueira da Silva ◽  
Thiago Fabricius Konopka ◽  
Cesar Celis
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Chemical Kinetic ◽  
Soot Precursors ◽  
Detailed Chemical

Coarse-grained modeling of the nucleation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into soot precursors

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 5123-5132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hernández-Rojas ◽  
F. Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Soot Precursors ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Hydrocarbon Molecules ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Monte Carlo Framework

The aggregation and physical growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules was simulated using a coarse-grained potential and a stochastic Monte Carlo framework. In agreement with earlier studies, homomolecular nucleation of pyrene, coronene and circumcoronene is found to be limited at temperatures in the 500–1000 K range. Heteromolecular nucleation is found to occur with a minor spontaneous segregation toward pure and equi concentrations.

scholarly journals Chemical Effects of CO2 Concentration on Flame Structure and Soot Precursors in Rich Ethylene Oxidation

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (15) ◽  
pp. 8810-8816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yindi Zhang ◽  
Chun Lou ◽  
Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Flame Structure ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Ethylene Oxidation ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Soot Precursors

Mass spectrometry up to 1 million mass units for the simultaneous detection of primary soot and of soot precursors (nanoparticles) in flames

Chemosphere ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1335-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst-Henning Grotheer ◽  
Heinz Pokorny ◽  
Karl-Ludwig Barth ◽  
Marcus Thierley ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Soot Precursors

Optical detection of large soot precursors

1989 ◽  
Vol 77 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita M. Weiner ◽  
Stephen J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Optical Detection ◽  
Soot Precursors

scholarly journals Experimental study of the influence of hydrogen as a fuel additive on the formation of soot precursors and particles in atmospheric laminar premixed flames of methane

Fuel ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 119517
Author(s):  
Hong-Quan Do ◽  
Luc-Sy Tran ◽  
Laurent Gasnot ◽  
Xavier Mercier ◽  
Abderrahman El Bakali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Premixed Flames ◽  
Fuel Additive ◽  
Soot Precursors

Parametric Study of Moss-Brookes (MB) and Moss-Brookes-Hall (MBH) Model Constants for Prediction of Soot Formation in a Turbulent Hydrocarbon Flames

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pravin Rajeshirke ◽  
Pravin Nakod ◽  
Rakesh Yadav ◽  
Stefano Orsino
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Flames ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
Chemical Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Soot Precursors ◽  
Original Works

In the present work, two equation soot models proposed by Moss-Brookes (MB) and Moss-Brookes-Hall (MBH), available in ANSYS FLUENT14.5, are used to study the soot formation in a turbulent kerosene-air flame. The model constants in the original works of MB and MBH model were primarily tuned for the methane-air or other lower hydrocarbon flames. In this work, the emphasis has been given on the applicability of these models in modeling the soot formation in heavy hydrocarbon fuels. The current work is primarily focused on the parametric study of the various modeling constants for calculating the soot inception and oxidation rates. A parametric study is performed to calculate the soot inception rates by considering different soot precursors like C2H2, C2H4, C6H6 and C6H5. Steady laminar flamelet approach with a detailed chemical reaction mechanism (Jet_SurF_2.0), is used for modeling gas phase combustion. The current numerical predictions are compared with experimental results of Young et al. [1] and earlier published numerical results of Wen et al. [2]. The study is further extended to understand the role of chemical reaction mechanism on soot predictions considering detailed versus reduced (JP10revC) chemical mechanisms.

The role of DME addition on the evolution of soot and soot precursors in laminar ethylene jet flames

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.A. Ahmed ◽  
M.A. Ashraf ◽  
S.A. Steinmetz ◽  
M.J. Dunn ◽  
A.R. Masri
Keyword(s):  
Jet Flames ◽  
Soot Precursors

Investigation of the Early Soot Formation Process in a Transient Spray Flame Via Spectral Measurements of Laser-Induced Emissions

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Aizawa ◽  
H Kosaka
Keyword(s):  
Formation Process ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Yttrium Aluminium Garnet ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Spectral Measurements ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Nozzle Orifice ◽  
Spray Flame ◽  
Soot Precursors

In order to investigate the early soot formation process in a diesel spray flame, two-dimensional imaging and spectral measurements of laser-induced emission from soot precursors and soot particles in a transient spray flame achieved in a rapid compression machine (2.8 MPa, 710 K) were conducted. The 3rd harmonic (355 nm) and 4th harmonic (266 nm) Nd: YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet) laser pulses were used as the light source for laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) from soot precursors and laser-induced incandescence (LII) from soot particles in the spray flame. The two-dimensional imaging covered an area between 30 and 55 mm downstream from the nozzle orifice. The results of two-dimensional imaging showed that strong laser-induced emission excited at 266 nm appears only on the laser incident side of the spray flame, in contrast to an entire cross-sectional distribution of the emission excited at 355 nm, indicating that 266 nm-excited emitters are stronger absorbers and more abundant than 355 nm-excited emitters in the spray flame. The spectral measurements were conducted at three different positions, 35, 45, and 55 mm downstream from the nozzle orifice, along the central axis of the spray, where LIF from soot precursors was observed in a previous two-dimensional imaging study. The spectra measured in upstream positions showed that broad emission peaked at around 400–500 nm, which is attributable to LIF from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The spectra measured in downstream positions appeared very much like grey-body emission from soot particles.

The Effects of Injection Timing and Injected Fuel Mass on Local Charge Conditions and Emissions for Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doohyun Kim ◽  
Angela Violi ◽  
André Boehman
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Charge Composition ◽  
Gaseous Species ◽  
Fuel Mass ◽  
Soot Precursors ◽  
Gdi Engine ◽  
Fuel Mixing

Increased Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines compared to conventional Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines have been raising concerns because of the PM’s detrimental health effects and the stringent emissions regulations. One of the widely accepted hypotheses is that local rich pockets inside the combustion chamber are the primary reason for the increased PM emissions. In this paper, we investigate the effects of injection strategies on the charge composition and local thermodynamic conditions of a light duty GDI engine, and determine their impact on PM emissions. The operation of a 1.6L GDI engine is simulated using a 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. Combustion characteristics of a 3-component gasoline surrogate (n-heptane/iso-octane/toluene) are analyzed and the effects of injection timing (300° vs 240° vs 180° BTDC) and injected fuel mass (globally stoichiometric vs fuel rich) are explored at 2000 rpm, 9.5 bar BMEP condition, focusing on the homogeneity of the charge and the formation of the gaseous species that are soot precursors. The results indicate that when the physical time for air/fuel mixing is not long enough, fuel-rich pockets are present until combustion occurs, where high concentrations of soot precursors are found, such as acetylene and pyrene. In addition, simulation results indicate that the location of wetted surface as well as the in-cylinder flow structure induced by the fuel jet hitting the piston bowl is significantly influenced by varying the injection timing, which affects subsequent air/fuel mixing. When the injected fuel mass is increased, the equivalence ratio distribution inside the combustion chamber shifts toward fuel-rich side, generating more mixtures with Φ > 1.5, where formation of acetylene and pyrene are favored.

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