Dietary Supplementation with (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Reduces Inflammatory Response in Adipose Tissue of Non-obese Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) Rats

Abstract Objectives The study was designed to evaluate the dose-effect of PEP2DIA(r)(PEP), a milk protein hydrolysate on glycemic control of type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats treated for 6 weeks. Methods Rats (n = 10) were treated with PEP solubilized in spring water by oral gavage once a day for 6 weeks. The effects of a 6-week-administration of PEP (63 mg/kg, 88.6 mg/kg and 126 mg/kg per os) were evaluated on sucrose tolerance and insulin response to sucrose in type 2 diabetic GK rats from weaning (3 weeks) to adult age (9 weeks). Circulating GLP-1 concentration and DDP-4 activity, α-glucosidase activity in duodenum and jejunum, Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) and Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1c) gene expressions in liver and retroperitoneal adipose tissue were also measured. PEP is a patented milk protein hydrolysate containing AP dipeptides which inhibit alpha glucosidase. The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Acarbose (40 mg/kg) was used as reference. Results The 6 week-treatment with PEP at 3 doses improved sucrose tolerance with the best effect at the dose of 63 mg/kg. Insulin response to sucrose was lower than control after PEP treatment at all the doses tested with the strongest decrease with 63 mg/kg of PEP. This decrease in insulin response seems to be at least in part the consequence of an improvement of the insulin resistance of the GK rats. At the lowest dose tested (63 mg/kg), FAS and SREBP-1c gene expressions were significantly decreased in retroperitoneal adipose tissue of GK rats, suggesting that PEP inhibited lipogenesis. PEP treatment induced strong increases in GLP-1 plasma level at all the doses tested but the difference reached significance only with 63 and 126 mg/kg of PEP. An inhibition of alpha-glucosidase in duodenum but not in jejunum was observed after the 6-week-treatment with PEP. Moreover, in retroperitoneal adipose tissue, PEP at the lowest dose tested (63 mg/kg), significantly decreased gene expression of both SREBP-1c and FAS, suggesting a beneficial effect on triglyceride accumulation in adipose tissue Conclusions These results showed that PEP2DIA(r) could have a beneficial effect on glycemic control of type 2 diabetic GK rats and suggest that this milk protein hydrolysate should be beneficial Impaired Fasting Glucose or Impaired Glucose Tolerance subjects for delaying the progression to overt type 2 diabetes. Funding Sources INGREDIA S.A.

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Dietary Supplementation with a Low Dose of (^|^minus;)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Peripheral Leukocytes of Non-Obese Type 2 Diabetic GK Rats

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology ◽

10.3177/jnsv.59.541 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 541-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Yumiko UCHIYAMA ◽

Takuji SUZUKI ◽

Kazuki MOCHIZUKI ◽

Toshinao GODA

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Dietary Supplementation ◽

Gk Rats ◽

Peripheral Leukocytes ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

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Evaluation of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Echocardiography and its Correlation with Intimal Medial Thickness of Carotid Artery

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/s-0042-114035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 125 (09) ◽

pp. 598-602 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zihang Wang ◽

Yuhong Zhang ◽

Weiwei Liu ◽

Benli Su

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Carotid Artery ◽

Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽

Control Group ◽

Intimal Medial Thickness ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of echocardiography in measuring the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) of the patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with the intimal-medial thickness of the carotid artery (cIMT) to investigate the relationship between EAT and cIMT. 68 patients of T2DM were enrolled and were divided into 2 groups: group of T2DM with duration≤10 years (35 cases) and group of T2DM with duration>10 years (33 cases). And 30 healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. The thickness of EAT and cIMT were measured by echocardiography and high-frequency ultrasonography. The thickness of EAT and IMT of the carotid artery of 2 type 2 diabetic groups (duration≤10 years and>10 years) were significantly higher than that of the control group (all p<0.05), and the thickness of EAT and cIMT of the group of T2DM with duration>10 years were significantly higher than that of the group of T2DM with duration≤10 years (p<0.05). In univariate analysis, the thickness of EAT was positively and significantly associated with age (r=0.412, p<0.05), BMI (r=0.566, p<0.05), waist circumference (r=0.475, p<0.05), LDL (r=0.425, p<0.05), TG (r=0.496, p<0.05), duration of diabetes (r=0.384, p<0.05) and cIMT (r=0.456, p<0.05). In multiple stepwise regression analyses, age, BMI and IMT of carotid artery were appeared to be significantly associated with EAT (p<0.05 for all). In conclusion, routine screening of EAT and cIMT by ultrasonography in type 2 diabetic patients helps us to predict cardiovascular risks and prevent further development of cardiovascular complications.

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Effect of adipocyte β3-adrenergic receptor activation on the type 2 diabetic MKR mice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00344.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 290 (6) ◽

pp. E1227-E1236 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Hyunsook Kim ◽

Patricia A. Pennisi ◽

Oksana Gavrilova ◽

Stephanie Pack ◽

William Jou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽

Receptor Activation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Adrenergic Agonists ◽

Nonobese Diabetic ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

The antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of the β3-adrenergic agonists were investigated on nonobese type 2 diabetic MKR mice after injection with a β3-adrenergic agonist, CL-316243. An intact response to acute CL-316243 treatment was observed in MKR mice. Chronic intraperitoneal CL-316243 treatment of MKR mice reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels. Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps exhibited improvement of the whole body insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis concurrently with enhanced insulin action in liver and adipose tissue. Treating MKR mice with CL-316243 significantly lowered serum and hepatic lipid levels, in part due to increased whole body triglyceride clearance and fatty acid oxidation in adipocytes. A significant reduction in total body fat content and epididymal fat weight was observed along with enhanced metabolic rate in both wild-type and MKR mice after treatment. These data demonstrate that β3-adrenergic activation improves the diabetic state of nonobese diabetic MKR mice by potentiation of free fatty acid oxidation by adipose tissue, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for β3-adrenergic agonists in nonobese diabetic subjects.

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