Development of a Cost-Effective Method for Nitrate and Nitrite Determination in Leafy Plants and Nitrate and Nitrite Contents of Some Green Leafy Vegetables Grown in the Aegean Region of Turkey

Purpose – Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are important components of a balanced diet especially in developing countries where the major requirements of micronutrients are met. However, GLVs also contain significant amounts of oxalate, nitrate and nitrites, whose role in the human diet is constantly changing. The current study explored the behavior of nitrate, nitrites and oxalate in lactic-fermented GLVs with an intention to develop functional foods based on them. Design/methodology/approach – Selected strains of beneficial lactic acid bacteria were used for the controlled fermentation of GLV, while an identical portion was subjected to spontaneous fermentation. The nitrate and nitrites were monitored spectrophotometrically, while oxalate contents were quantified by both titrimetric and by high-performance liquid chromatography throughout the duration of fermentation. Findings – More than 90 per cent of individual constituents studied remained intact in the GLVs paste after the six-day controlled fermentation period. However, there was significant difference between the controlled and spontaneously fermented samples in terms of oxalate, nitrate and nitrite contents. Originality/value – Controlled lactic fermentation although superior in all other aspects may not be able to lower the anti-nutrients present. The advantages of spontaneous fermentation vis-à-vis controlled fermentation are discussed. The work will bring out the importance of the beneficial effects of GLVs and the effect of lactic fermentation.

Download Full-text

Formulation and Sensory Acceptability of Cauliflower Leaf Jellies

International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology ◽

10.48175/ijarsct-1897 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Balaji S ◽

Dr. M. Thamarai Selvi

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Cost Calculation ◽

Organoleptic Evaluation ◽

Green Leafy Vegetables ◽

Sensory Score ◽

Iron And Calcium

Consumption of green leafy vegetables is part of maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Cauliflower leaves are rich in iron and calcium also has highest waste index. In order to diversify jellies and promote healthy eating, an attempt was made to utilize its leaves thus reducing the wastage. This study investigated the formulation and acceptability of jelly which were formulated with different proportions of orange juice and cauliflower leaf extract in the ratio of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75,0:100. Present study includes standardization of jellies, organoleptic evaluation, nutrient and cost calculation of formulated cauliflower leaf jellies. Among the five variations, jellies containing 50 percent cauliflower leaf extract had higher sensory score (8.8±0.2) than the plain orange jelly. On supplementation of cauliflower leaves (Variation II), iron and calcium content increased from 0.4 to 10.8 mg and 9 to 192.3 mg respectively. The cost of the formulated jelly was found to be Rs 2.0/15g. Formulated jellies also had better micronutrient content when compared to standard jellies. It can be concluded that cauliflower leaf jelly can be prepared with good sensory, nutritional quality and cost-effective product as a means of nutrient enrichment. Hence, cauliflower leaves could be utilized to progress the nutritional status of the people.

Download Full-text

Dietary Nitrate and Physical Performance

Annual Review of Nutrition ◽

10.1146/annurev-nutr-082117-051622 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 303-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Andrew M. Jones ◽

Christopher Thompson ◽

Lee J. Wylie ◽

Anni Vanhatalo

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Contractile Function ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Human Populations ◽

Dietary Nitrate ◽

Green Leafy Vegetables ◽

Nitrate Supplementation ◽

Nitrate And Nitrite

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a plethora of important roles in the human body. Insufficient production of NO (for example, during older age and in various disease conditions) can adversely impact health and physical performance. In addition to its endogenous production through the oxidation of l-arginine, NO can be formed nonenzymatically via the reduction of nitrate and nitrite, and the storage of these anions can be augmented by the consumption of nitrate-rich foodstuffs such as green leafy vegetables. Recent studies indicate that dietary nitrate supplementation, administered most commonly in the form of beetroot juice, can ( a) improve muscle efficiency by reducing the O2 cost of submaximal exercise and thereby improve endurance exercise performance and ( b) enhance skeletal muscle contractile function and thereby improve muscle power and sprint exercise performance. This review describes the physiological mechanisms potentially responsible for these effects, outlines the circumstances in which ergogenic effects are most likely to be evident, and discusses the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on physical performance in a range of human populations.

Download Full-text

High-nitrate vegetable diet increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduces blood pressure in healthy women

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980015000038 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (14) ◽

pp. 2669-2678 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Ann Ashworth ◽

Klaus Mitchell ◽

Jamie R Blackwell ◽

Anni Vanhatalo ◽

Andrew M Jones

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Control Diet ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Nitrite Concentration ◽

Green Leafy Vegetables ◽

Healthy Women ◽

Significant Change ◽

Plasma Nitrate ◽

Nitrate And Nitrite

AbstractObjectiveEpidemiological studies suggest that green leafy vegetables, which are high in dietary nitrate, are protective against CVD such as stroke. High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for stroke and inorganic nitrate has been shown to reduce BP. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that diets containing high-nitrate (HN) vegetables would increase plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduce BP in healthy women.DesignA randomized, crossover trial, where participants received HN vegetables (HN diet) or avoided HN vegetables (Control diet) for 1 week. Before and after each intervention, resting BP and plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations were measured.SettingUniversity of Exeter, UK.SubjectsNineteen healthy women (mean age 20 (sd2) years; mean BMI 22·5 (sd3·8) kg/m2).ResultsThe HN diet significantly increased plasma nitrate concentration (before HN diet: mean 24·4 (sd5·6) µmol/l; after HN diet: mean 61·0 (sd44·1) µmol/l,P<0·05) and plasma nitrite concentration (before HN diet: mean 98 (sd91) nmol/l; after HN diet: mean 185 (sd34) nmol/l,P<0·05). No significant change in plasma nitrate or nitrite concentration was observed after the Control diet. The HN diet significantly reduced resting systolic BP (before HN diet: mean 107 (sd9) mmHg; after HN diet: mean 103 (sd6) mmHg,P<0·05). No significant change in systolic BP was observed after the Control diet (before Control diet: mean 106 (sd8) mmHg; after Control diet: mean 106 (sd8) mmHg).ConclusionsConsumption of HN vegetables significantly increased plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduced BP in normotensive women.

Download Full-text

Using off – set handpumps — a cost-effective method to protect drinking water in rural villages

Waterlines ◽

10.3362/0262-8104.1984.019 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 25-26

Author(s):

Daniel Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Cost Effective Method

Download Full-text

CAD Of Anticorrosive Protection Of Steel Structures

Promyshlennoe i Grazhdanskoe Stroitel stvo ◽

10.33622/0869-7019.2019.09.18-23 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 18-23

Keyword(s):

Protective Coating ◽

Computer Aided Design ◽

Steel Structures ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Computational Tool ◽

Protection Method ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

The Cost ◽

Aided Design

The choice of cost-effective method of anticorrosive protection of steel structures is an urgent and time consuming task, considering the significant number of protection ways, differing from each other in the complex of technological, physical, chemical and economic characteristics. To reduce the complexity of solving this problem, the author proposes a computational tool that can be considered as a subsystem of computer-aided design and used at the stage of variant and detailed design of steel structures. As a criterion of the effectiveness of the anti-corrosion protection method, the cost of the protective coating during the service life is accepted. The analysis of existing methods of steel protection against corrosion is performed, the possibility of their use for the protection of the most common steel structures is established, as well as the estimated period of effective operation of the coating. The developed computational tool makes it possible to choose the best method of protection of steel structures against corrosion, taking into account the operating conditions of the protected structure and the possibility of using a protective coating.

Download Full-text

Immunity boosting diet during Covid 19

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3089 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 832-838

Author(s):

Roshna Sukheoji Bhutada ◽

Renu Rathi ◽

Devyani Dasar

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Food Studies ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

The Body ◽

Leafy Vegetables ◽

Green Leafy Vegetables ◽

Custard Apple ◽

The Right ◽

Daily Physical Activities ◽

Physiological Reactions

WHO declared Covid 19 /SARS -COV-2 as a global pandemic.Till date, there is no medicine for COVID-19. If the Infection arises in the body then the defence mechanism activated against infection. A recent study suggests that temporarily augmenting the body's immune system in the early stages of COVID-19 can help patient to avoid severe symptoms as it is rightly said prevention is better than cure. Ayurveda approaches to develop physiological reactions to facilitate immunity. Planning of diet is most important to boost immunity.As per many researches to provide supplementary food which contains Zinc, Vitamin C,Vitamin D and immunity boosting foodsuch as citrus natural products, custard apple, apple, papaya is among the Fruits. Vegetables include broccoli, onion, garlic and green leafy vegetables. Nuts, ginger, turmeric, pepper, egg yolk, shellfish, mushroom. The need of the hour is a quick boost to immune system to keep it fit, fighting. One should get the right amount of nutrients from the diet, supplementation regimen to boost immune system.In this review, there are few common supplements and super food studies have been included. It might be a torch bearer as sample menu and their alternatives are given for a normal adult. Needy may change contemplated according to age, sex, body mass index and daily physical activities.

Download Full-text

Monitoring effluent quality in hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs using remote sensing

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0148 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 23-29 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. Dor ◽

N. Ben-Yosef

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Theoretical Model ◽

Principal Component ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Effluent Quality ◽

Optical Images ◽

Routine Monitoring ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Wastewater Quality

About one hundred and fifty wastewater reservoirs store effluents for irrigation in Israel. Effluent qualities differ according to the inflowing wastewater quality, the degree of pretreatment and the operational parameters. Certain aspects of water quality like concentration of organic matter, suspended solids and chlorophyll are significantly correlated with the water column transparency and colour. Accordingly optical images of the reservoirs obtained from the SPOT satellite demonstrate pronounced differences correlated with the water quality. The analysis of satellite multispectral images is based on a theoretical model. The model calculates, using the radiation transfer equation, the volume reflectance of the water body. Satellite images of 99 reservoirs were analyzed in the chromacity space in order to classify them according to water quality. Principal Component Analysis backed by the theoretical model increases the method sensitivity. Further elaboration of this approach will lead to the establishment of a time and cost effective method for the routine monitoring of these hypertrophic wastewater reservoirs.

Download Full-text