Participatory plant breeding research: Opportunities and challenges for the international crop improvement system

Euphytica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Morris ◽  
Mauricio R. Bellon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Research Opportunities ◽  
Breeding Research

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. I. Varietal Selection and Breeding Methods and Their Impact on Biodiversity

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Witcombe ◽  
A. Joshi ◽  
K. D. Joshi ◽  
B. R. Sthapit
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Farmer Participatory Research ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYFarmer participatory approaches for the identification or breeding of improved crop cultivars can be usefully categorized into participatory varietal selection (PVS) and participatory plant breeding (PPB). Various PVS and PPB methods are reviewed. PVS is a more rapid and cost-effective way of identifying farmer-preferred cultivars if a suitable choice of cultivars exists. If this is impossible, then the more resource-consuming PPB is required. PPB can use, as parents, cultivars that were identified in successful PVS programmes. Compared with conventional plant breeding, PPB is more likely to produce farmer-acceptable products, particularly for marginal environments. The impact of farmer participatory research on biodiversity is considered. The long-term effect of PVS is to increase biodiversity, but where indigenous variability is high it can also reduce it. PPB has a greater effect on increasing biodiversity although its impact may be limited to smaller areas. PPB can be a dynamic form of in situ genetic conservation.

Breeding for organic and low-input farming systems: An evolutionary–participatory breeding method for inbred cereal grains

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Murphy ◽  
Doug Lammer ◽  
Steve Lyon ◽  
Brady Carter ◽  
Stephen S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Farmer Selection ◽  
Participatory Breeding

AbstractOrganic and low-input farmers often plant seed varieties that have been selected under conventional practices, traditionally including high inputs of artificial fertilizers, crop protection chemicals and/or water. In addition, these crops are often selected in environments that may or may not represent the local environment of the farmer. An evolutionary participatory breeding (EPB) method emphasizes the utilization of natural selection in combination with site-specific farmer selection in early segregating generations of a heterogeneous crop population. EPB is a combination of two specific breeding methods, evolutionary breeding and participatory plant breeding. Evolutionary breeding has been shown to increase yield, disease resistance, genetic diversity and adaptability of a crop population over time. It is based on a mass selection technique used by farmers for over 10,000 years of crop improvement. Participatory plant breeding programs originated in developing countries to meet the needs of low-input, small-scale farmers in marginal environments who were often overlooked by conventional crop breeders. The EPB method is an efficient breeding system uniquely suited to improving crop varieties for the low-input and organic farmer. The EPB method utilizes the skills and knowledge of both breeders and farmers to develop heterogeneous landrace populations, and is an effective breeding method for both traditional and modern farmers throughout the world.

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. I. Varietal Selection and Breeding Methods and Their Impact on Biodiversity

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Witcombe ◽  
A. Joshi ◽  
K. D. Joshi ◽  
B. R. Sthapit
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Farmer Participatory Research ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYFarmer participatory approaches for the identification or breeding of improved crop cultivars can be usefully categorized into participatory varietal selection (PVS) and participatory plant breeding (PPB). Various PVS and PPB methods are reviewed. PVS is a more rapid and cost-effective way of identifying farmer-preferred cultivars if a suitable choice of cultivars exists. If this is impossible, then the more resource-consuming PPB is required. PPB can use, as parents, cultivars that were identified in successful PVS programmes. Compared with conventional plant breeding, PPB is more likely to produce farmer-acceptable products, particularly for marginal environments. The impact of farmer participatory research on biodiversity is considered. The long-term effect of PVS is to increase biodiversity, but where indigenous variability is high it can also reduce it. PPB has a greater effect on increasing biodiversity although its impact may be limited to smaller areas. PPB can be a dynamic form of in situ genetic conservation.

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. III. Participatory Plant Breeding, a Case Study for Rice in Nepal

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-496
Author(s):  
B. R. Sthapit ◽  
K. D. Joshi ◽  
J. R. Witcombe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Participatory Crop Improvement ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYA participatory plant breeding (PPB) programme was conducted for the high altitude areas of Nepal. The aim was to breed acceptable varieties with minimum use of resources and to utilize farmers' knowledge in the PPB programme. Farmer participation began at the F5 stage and progress was followed over two seasons in two villages. Farmers proved to be willing participants and made selections in the segregating material, often with great success. Large differences in farmers' preferences between the F5 bulks were found and the most preferred were adopted rapidly. The most adopted variety, Machhapuchhre-3, performed well in the formal trials system, and much better than the products from conventional centralized breeding. The PPB programme increased biodiversity in the two participating villages.

scholarly journals Opportunities and challenges for improving a Colombian public research program in plant breeding and plant genetic resources lead by Agrosavia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos H. Galeano ◽  
Katherine Tehelen ◽  
Hugo R. Jiménez ◽  
Carolina González ◽  
Ivania Cerón-Souza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Sentiment Score

AbstractAgrosavia (Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria) is the Colombian state institution in charge of the agricultural research at the national level, including plant breeding. Since 2014, Agrosavia started to increase its research staff and has reset the leadership of public research to solve the needs of the agricultural sector population, focusing on small producers. However, the current team working on plant breeding and plant genetic resources are facing some challenges associated with generation gaps and the lack of a collaborative working plan for the next years. To identify the opportunities and actions in this research area, we surveyed all the 52 researchers working in Agrosavia in this area in 2017. We analyzed the opinions of researchers to detect the strengths and weaknesses of the program using a sentiment score. We also examined the networking to test both how consolidated the group is and if among top leaders are gender parity and also have a higher academic degree. Results showed that there is a mixed community of old and new researchers with clear gender bias in the proportion of male-female. Within the network, the interactions are weak, with several subgroups where the top-ten of both central leaders and the most influencer are frequently males with mostly an M.Sc. degree but with significant experience in the area. Researchers have an interest in 31 crops. From them, 26 are in the national germplasm bank, but this bank is not the primary source for their breeding programs. The top-five of plants with increasing interest are corn, cocoa tree, golden berries, oil palm, and sugarcane. Researchers also want to establish collaborations with 54 different institutions, where the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, which is the top public university in the country, is on the head. Researchers also perceived weaknesses in the marker-assisted selection, experimental design, and participatory plant breeding, but those criticisms have a positive sentiment score average of 1.55 (0.3 SE) across 31 texts analyzed. Based on all results, we identified five critical strategic principles to improve the plant-breeding research program. They include a gender diversity policy to hire new researchers strategically to reduce the gender gap and strength the generational shift. Better collaboration between the national germplasm bank and plant breeding research. A coordinate plan where the studies focus on food security crops that the government supports independently of market trends. And finally, adequate spaces for the project’s design and training programs. Hence, we recommend the creation of a consultant group to implement these policies progressively in the next years.

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. III. Participatory Plant Breeding, a Case Study for Rice in Nepal

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Sthapit ◽  
K. D. Joshi ◽  
J. R. Witcombe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Farmer Participation ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Participatory Crop Improvement ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYA participatory plant breeding (PPB) programme was conducted for the high altitude areas of Nepal. The aim was to breed acceptable varieties with minimum use of resources and to utilize farmers' knowledge in the PPB programme. Farmer participation began at the F5 stage and progress was followed over two seasons in two villages. Farmers proved to be willing participants and made selections in the segregating material, often with great success. Large differences in farmers' preferences between the F5 bulks were found and the most preferred were adopted rapidly. The most adopted variety, Machhapuchhre-3, performed well in the formal trials system, and much better than the products from conventional centralized breeding. The PPB programme increased biodiversity in the two participating villages.

PARTICIPATORY PLANT BREEDING IS BETTER DESCRIBED AS HIGHLY CLIENT-ORIENTED PLANT BREEDING. II. OPTIONAL FARMER COLLABORATION IN THE SEGREGATING GENERATIONS

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. WITCOMBE ◽  
S. GYAWALI ◽  
S. SUNWAR ◽  
B. R. STHAPIT ◽  
K. D. JOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Breeding Research ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative

Many public-sector breeding programmes do not use explicit techniques to orient their programmes close to their clients' needs. Participatory techniques can be used to achieve high client orientation but these techniques do not have to involve farmers making selections during the segregating generations. This particularly applies when a sound initial market survey has been made or the learning from a participatory varietal selection (PVS) programme provides feedback to scientists. However, some published results on selection by farmers in the segregating generations (collaborative selection) indicate that it can produce appropriate varieties more effectively than less collaborative research. There is also evidence, from the few cases reported in the literature, that it is cost-effective. Alternative, less collaborative, approaches are also effective. Consultative forms of farmer participation, i.e. where farmers evaluate material grown by scientists, to aid selection in the segregating generations are more widely applicable because they demand fewer resources than collaborative methods. For more time-consuming tasks, such as in the selection of aromatic rice in segregating material, the most appropriate from of participation is contractual i.e., farmers are paid for their work. Mainly using examples from our research in Nepal, we present the particular circumstances in which the involvement of farmers in selection in the segregating generations is desirable or essential. These include: the occurrence of market failure (where the usual mechanisms of supply and demand have failed so there is no incentive to breed new varieties) and supply can only be met by actively involving farmers in the breeding process; when there are cost advantages to involving farmers – this is determined by the particular resources available to the institute undertaking the plant breeding research; when grain quality is both important and determined by a complex set of factors that are difficult to measure in the laboratory; when the objective is to learn in more detail about farmers' selection criteria to better orient the breeding programme to client needs; and when the goal is to empower farmers.

scholarly journals Evolution and Application of Genome Editing Techniques for Achieving Food and Nutritional Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5585
Author(s):  
Sajid Fiaz ◽  
Sunny Ahmar ◽  
Sajjad Saeed ◽  
Aamir Riaz ◽  
Freddy Mora-Poblete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Protein System ◽  
Breeding Techniques

A world with zero hunger is possible only through a sustainable increase in food production and distribution and the elimination of poverty. Scientific, logistical, and humanitarian approaches must be employed simultaneously to ensure food security, starting with farmers and breeders and extending to policy makers and governments. The current agricultural production system is facing the challenge of sustainably increasing grain quality and yield and enhancing resistance to biotic and abiotic stress under the intensifying pressure of climate change. Under present circumstances, conventional breeding techniques are not sufficient. Innovation in plant breeding is critical in managing agricultural challenges and achieving sustainable crop production. Novel plant breeding techniques, involving a series of developments from genome editing techniques to speed breeding and the integration of omics technology, offer relevant, versatile, cost-effective, and less time-consuming ways of achieving precision in plant breeding. Opportunities to edit agriculturally significant genes now exist as a result of new genome editing techniques. These range from random (physical and chemical mutagens) to non-random meganucleases (MegaN), zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/associated protein system 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), the CRISPR system from Prevotella and Francisella1 (Cpf1), base editing (BE), and prime editing (PE). Genome editing techniques that promote crop improvement through hybrid seed production, induced apomixis, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress are prioritized when selecting for genetic gain in a restricted timeframe. The novel CRISPR-associated protein system 9 variants, namely BE and PE, can generate transgene-free plants with more frequency and are therefore being used for knocking out of genes of interest. We provide a comprehensive review of the evolution of genome editing technologies, especially the application of the third-generation genome editing technologies to achieve various plant breeding objectives within the regulatory regimes adopted by various countries. Future development and the optimization of forward and reverse genetics to achieve food security are evaluated.

scholarly journals Alternative breeding processes: at which extent Participatory Breeding should modify the concept of ideotypes in plant breeding?

OCL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. D606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Vincourt ◽  
Pierre Carolo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Breeding ◽  
General Expectation ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Alternative Organizations

The Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) concept emerged twenty years ago, particularly with the aim to build alternative organizations of the plant breeding activities in developing countries. It now as well questions the developed countries, in the frame of a more global expectation to make all the stakeholders more involved in the agricultural production, from the farmers to its final clients. We discuss here some of the questions addressed by this trend with regard to the definition of the ideotype: (a) different forms of PPB? (b) changing the paradigm: Client Oriented Breeding? (c) a new way to manage {genotype * environment} interactions? (d) mainly societal concerns at stake? (e) biodiversity and ideotypes. As the same key, technical, limiting factors are involved in both PPB and classical breeding, it is suggested to consider PPB as one of the ways in the frame of a general expectation for diversification, thus eventually resulting in the promotion of alternative ideotypes, rather than an alternative process.

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