The Relation Between Serum Ferritin and Goiter, Urinary Iodine and Thyroid Hormone Concentration

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 296-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereidoun Azizi ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Robabeh Sheikholeslam ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Reza Rastmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
High Prevalence

Objective: Many children are at high risk of both goiter and iron deficiency in Iran. Because iron deficiency may impair the efficacy of iodine supplementation, the aim of this study was to determine the relation between serum ferritin and goiter, urinary iodine, and thyroid hormones following iodized salt supplementation. Design: A cross-sectional study of schoolchildren in 26 Iranian provinces. Methods: In a national iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) monitoring program, 36178 schoolchildren, approximately 1200 from each province, received goiter grading by WHO criteria. Urine and serum samples were collected from 2917 children and assayed for urinary iodine and serum ferritin, T4, T3, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. Results: Total goiter rates were 80 and 20% in children with ferritin concentrations < 10 mg/dL and _ 10 mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.001). Increased serum T3 and decreased resin T3 uptake was present in those with lower serum ferritin levels; however, free T3 and T4 index, serum T4, and TSH were not significantly different between those with low and normal ferritin. Conclusion: Iron deficiency is associated with a high prevalence of goiter in Iranian schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Iron deficiency among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Udho ◽  
Joyce Nankumbi ◽  
Mariam Namutebi ◽  
Grace Ndeezi ◽  
Joshua Epuitai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iron Supplements ◽  
The Third

Abstract Background Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anemia among pregnant women in Uganda. However, due to the high cost of biochemical tests required to determine iron deficiency, the prevalence and factors associated with iron deficiency remain largely unstudied in our setting. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the prevalence of iron deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic, Lira District-Uganda.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 320 pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic at Lira Regional Referral Hospital. Maternal serum ferritin was used as a measure of iron deficiency and was determined using a Cobas 6000 Automated Analyzer. Iron deficiency was based on serum ferritin of <30 μg/L. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the characteristics of the study participants. Binary and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the associated factors.Results The prevalence of iron deficiency was 45%. Non-adherence to iron supplements (AOR: 2.05 95% CI: 1.02-4.12) & third trimester pregnancy (AOR: 1.88 95% CI: 1.20-2.94) were significantly associated with iron deficiency during pregnancy.Conclusion Nearly 5 in 10 of the participants had iron deficiency. Iron deficiency during pregnancy was associated with non-adherence to iron supplements and being in the third trimester of pregnancy. Midwives should encourage pregnant women to adhere to iron supplements during pregnancy especially pregnant women who are in the third trimester.

Evaluation of serum electrolyte levels in iron deficiency anemia patients.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (05) ◽  
pp. 691-696
Author(s):  
Maryam Rafiq ◽  
Amna Arooj ◽  
Qurrat-ul-Ain Tahir ◽  
Nudrat Fayyaz ◽  
Afra Samad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Complete Blood Counts

Objectives: To evaluate electrolytes levels in patients suffering from iron deficiency anemia and to compare it with patients without anemia. Study Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: November, 2019 to May, 2020. Material & Methods: After taking informed consent, five milliliter of blood was drawn from each patient. Blood sample was analyzed for electrolytes, complete blood counts and serum ferritin levels. Results were compared in normal and iron deficiency anemic groups. Results: A total of 287 clinically anemic suspects including 181 (63.0%) female and 106 (37.0%) male with mean age of patients as 36.11±12.23 were included in this study. A total of 205 (71.4%) of the suspects had anemia whereas frequency of anemia remained higher among females (78.5%) as compared to males (59.5%) in this study. On the basis of serum ferritin levels a total of 178 (62.0%) patients had iron deficiency. Mean values of Sodium (130.41±0.59) and Bicarbonate (24.10±0.31) remained low while mean Potassium (4.33±0.07) and Chloride (103.93±0.47) levels of Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) group remained high as compared to non-anemic group. Conclusion: Levels of sodium and bicarbonate are found to be on the lower side while potassium and chloride remained on higher side in patients with Iron deficiency Anemia in this study. Thus these findings indicate close monitoring of electrolytes to evade impediments during management of patients.

scholarly journals Can postpartum maternal urinary iodine be used to estimate iodine nutrition status of newborns?

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 1226-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantea Nazeri ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Yadollah Mehrabi ◽  
Hossein Delshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Heel Prick ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

AbstractI deficiency can lead to detrimental effects, particularly in neonates and young infants. The aim of this study was to explore whether postpartum maternal urinary I can be used to estimate the I status of newborns. In this cross-sectional study conducted in Tehran, lactating mothers and newborns, within 3–5 d postpartum, were randomly selected. Urine samples were collected from each mother and newborn, and a heel-prick blood sample was obtained from all newborns as part of the routine national newborn screening programme. According to the WHO criteria, median urinary I concentration (UIC) <100 µg/l and frequency over 3 % of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) >5 mIU/l was considered as I insufficiency. A total of 147 postpartum women and neonates, aged 27·8 (sd5·3) years and 4·2 (sd0·6) d, respectively, completed this study. The median UIC was 68·0 (interquartile range (IQR) 39·4–133·5) and 212·5 (IQR 92·3–307·3) µg/l in postpartum mothers and newborns, respectively. The median neonatal TSH was 1·00 (IQR 0·50–1·70) mIU/l. There was no significant difference in the neonatal UIC and TSH of infants whose mothers had deficient and sufficient urinary I. In the multiple linear regression, neonatal UIC value was associated with maternal urinary I (P=0·048) and parity (P=0·039); a significant association was observed between neonatal TSH and infant sex (P=0·038) and birth weight (P=0·049). The findings of our study demonstrate that, despite postpartum mothers being mildly I deficient, I status of their infants was adequate as assessed by UIC and TSH values. It seems factors other than maternal urinary I may influence the I status in newborns.

Urinary iodine excretion and individual iodine supplementation among elderly subjects: A cross-sectional investigation in the commune of Randers, Denmark

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus M Pedersen ◽  
Eigil Iversen ◽  
Peter Laurberg
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
Median Level ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Pedersen KM, Iversen E, Laurberg P. Urinary iodine excretion and individual iodine supplementation among elderly subjects. A cross-sectional investigation in the commune of Randers, Denmark. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;132:171–4. ISSN 0804–4643 Several studies have demonstrated that the iodine intake is relatively low in Denmark. However, the results are difficult to interpret because no information has been given on the frequency of individual iodine supplementation. We performed a cross-sectional study of elderly subjects living in the commune of Randers, Denmark. Urinary iodine excretion was measured in the 423 participants (185 males, 238 females) and a careful history was taken on any possible intake of supplementary iodine. The median urinary iodine excretion was 48.3 μg/g creatinine for the whole population (40.8 μg/g creatinine in males, 53.2 μg/g creatinine in females). In the part of the population that did not take iodine supplementation (46.7%) the median value was 36.1 μg/g creatinine (males 33.8; females 38.8). Regular iodine supplementation taken as an iodine-containing vitamin/mineral tablet was found in 30.8% of the population. This increased the urinary iodine excretion to a median level of 80.5 μg/g creatinine (males 62.0; females 88.0). The study shows that the basic iodine intake level is overestimated if individual iodine supplementation is not taken into account. Such supplementation may lead to median iodine excretion values that seem reasonable, even if the iodine intake of the part of the population not taking iodine (in this study, nearly half of the population) is low. Klaus Pedersen, Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aalborg Hospital, Reberbansgade, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark

scholarly journals Association of serum irisin concentration with thyroid autoantibody positivity and subclinical hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110184
Author(s):  
Zhengyi Chen ◽  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
Nianchun Peng ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibody ◽  
Glucose Levels

Objective This study evaluated the association of serum irisin level with thyroid autoantibody (TAA) positivity and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). Methods In this cross-sectional study, 334 participants were assigned to one of the following four age- and sex-matched groups: TAA plus SH (84 patients), isolated TAA (83 patients), isolated SH (83 patients), or healthy controls (84 individuals). Irisin and creatine kinase (CK) were measured in serum samples. Results Patients with TAA plus SH, isolated TAA, and isolated SH had higher irisin levels compared with the controls. There was a significant increase in the irisin level in the TAA plus SH group compared with the control group. Among all participants, the irisin levels were positively associated with thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibody titers and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, but negatively associated with waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin levels, and fasting plasma glucose levels. The irisin level was not associated with the thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, or CK levels. Irisin levels were independently associated with TAA, with or without SH, but they were not associated with SH alone. Conclusions Irisin level may help to predict the risk of developing TAA with or without SH.

scholarly journals Iron deficiency in patients with cancer: a prospective cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-002913
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Luporsi ◽  
Anthony Turpin ◽  
Vincent Massard ◽  
Sophie Morin ◽  
Bruno Chauffert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Serum Ferritin Concentration ◽  
Registration Number

BackgroundDespite the deleterious consequences of iron deficiency (ID) in patients with cancer, underdiagnosis is frequent. The CARENFER study aimed to assess the prevalence of ID using both serum ferritin concentration and transferrin coefficient saturation (iron-saturation of transferrin, TSAT) index, as well as ID anaemia in patients with cancer.MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 oncology units in France in 2019. All patients present in the medical unit during the 2-week study period, regardless of the type of tumour (solid or haematological) and treatment, were eligible. Serum ferritin concentration, TSAT index and haemoglobin level were determined. ID and ID-associated anaemia were defined according to European Society of Medical Oncology 2018 Guidelines: ID was defined either as ferritin <100 µg/L (absolute ID) or as ferritin ≥100 µg/L and TSAT <20% (functional ID).ResultsA total of 1221 patients with different types of solid malignant tumours were analysed: median age 64 years; 89.4% under treatment for their cancer, mainly by chemotherapy (75.4%). Overall, ID was found in 57.9% (55.1–60.6) of patients. Among them, functional ID accounted for 64% of cases. ID anaemia was reported in 21.8% (19.6–24.2) of all patients with cancer. ID was highly prevalent in untreated (75/130, 57.4%) and non-anaemic (419/775, 54.1%) patients.ConclusionThis study highlights the high prevalence of ID in patients with cancer, whether or not associated with anaemia or treatment. These results emphasise the need to a better detection and management of ID in cancer, thereby optimising overall patient care.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03924271.

scholarly journals Methods to assess iron and iodine status

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (S3) ◽  
pp. S2-S9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Serum Transferrin ◽  
Iodine Nutrition ◽  
Iron Stores ◽  
Serum Transferrin Receptor

Four methods are recommended for assessment of iodine nutrition: urinary iodine concentration, the goitre rate, and blood concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone and thyroglobulin. These indicators are complementary, in that urinary iodine is a sensitive indicator of recent iodine intake (days) and thyroglobulin shows an intermediate response (weeks to months), whereas changes in the goitre rate reflect long-term iodine nutrition (months to years). Spot urinary iodine concentrations are highly variable from day-to-day and should not be used to classify iodine status of individuals. International reference criteria for thyroid volume in children have recently been published and can be used for identifying even small goitres using thyroid ultrasound. Recent development of a dried blood spot thyroglobulin assay makes sample collection practical even in remote areas. Thyroid stimulating hormone is a useful indicator of iodine nutrition in the newborn, but not in other age groups. For assessing iron status, haemoglobin measurement alone has low specificity and sensitivity. Serum ferritin remains the best indicator of iron stores in the absence of inflammation. Measures of iron-deficient erythropoiesis include transferrin iron saturation and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin, but these often do not distinguish anaemia due to iron deficiency from the anaemia of chronic disease. The serum transferrin receptor is useful in this setting, but the assay requires standardization. In the absence of inflammation, a sensitive method to assess iron status is to combine the use of serum ferritin as a measure of iron stores and the serum transferrin receptor as a measure of tissue iron deficiency.

scholarly journals Iron deficiency anemia among hospitalized children in a rural teaching hospital: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Inderpreet Santokh ◽  
Bablu Kumar Gaur ◽  
Raghvendra Narayan ◽  
Baljeet Maini ◽  
A. K. Bharadwaj
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world. The present study was conducted to know the prevalence and severity of iron deficiency anemia among of 6 months to 60 months old children. A large proportion of iron deficiency is preventable with appropriate and timely intervention.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 100 children clinically suggestive of anemia with hemoglobin level less than 11gm/dl admitted in pediatrics ward of tertiary care hospital. 5 ml of blood sample was taken and complete hemogram, peripheral blood film and serum ferritin estimation was done. Case were studied in reference to history, age, clinical examination, hemoglobin level and confirmation of iron deficiency anemia was done by serum ferritin levels.Results: The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in present study was 56%. It was most prevalent in the age group of 6 to 24 months. Exclusively breastfed children showed higher prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in present study, however no statistical correlation was found. Low Serum ferritin levels have statistically significant result with socioeconomic status, with as many as 69.4% suffering from iron deficiency anemia belonging to low socioeconomic status.Conclusions: Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia remains alarmingly high and major health problem in our country. All anemia are not iron deficiency anemia. Low socioeconomic status is a huge hurdle in child health and greatly influences prevalence of iron deficiency anemia. Serum ferritin is a most sensitive marker of iron deficiency anemia, helps diagnose it early in its course, which can be missed on clinical or routine blood investigations.

scholarly journals Comparison of Thyroid Hormone Levels between Women Farmers and Non-Farmers in Banten Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6618
Author(s):  
Dian Mardhiyah ◽  
Wan Nedra Komaruddin ◽  
Fasli Nedra Jalal ◽  
Sri Wuryanti ◽  
Syukrini Bahri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
High Iodine ◽  
Cross Sectional

Pesticides are suspected of being endocrine disruptors. This cross-sectional study measured serum samples for levels of thyroid hormones including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free T3 (FT3), and free T4 (FT4) among Indonesian female farmers (n = 127) and non-farmers (n = 127). A questionnaire was used to collect information on demographics and risk factors including work characteristics and frequency, and the use of home and agricultural pesticides. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the distribution of the clinical categories of thyroid levels between farmers and non-farmers except for FT3 and T4. However, in multivariable regression controlling for confounders, FT3 and T4 were significantly higher for farmers compared to non-farmers. In addition, 32% of farmers had clinically low iodine levels and 49% of non-farmers had clinically high iodine levels. We conclude that pesticide exposure may not be as important as iodine intake in explaining these findings. We recommend counseling by health workers about the importance of using iodized salt for farmers and counseling about high iodine foods that need to be avoided for non-farmers.

scholarly journals Correlations between hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor levels in children aged 6-59 months

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Fajar Diah Tri Kusumastuti ◽  
Sutaryo Sutaryo ◽  
Sri Mulatsih
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Soluble Transferrin Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Blood Specimens ◽  
Sensitive Marker

Background Early detection of iron deficiency is important in young children to prevent iron deficiency anemia, which may cause permanent neurocognitive development disorders. Hemoglobin level is an insensitive tool for detecting iron deficiency without anemia, while serum ferritin levels may be influenced by infection and inflammation. However, soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is a sensitive marker for detecting iron deficiency, yet not widely used in daily practice.Objective To assess for correlations between hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor levels in children aged 6-59 months.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study in the Yogyakarta and Bantul Districts involving 85 children aged 6-59 months who visited integrated health posts (posyandu) and who met the inclusion criteria. Subjects were chosen by cluster random sampling. Blood specimens were collected to examine hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and sTfR levels.Results Spearman’s correlation test revealed weak negative correlations between hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels, as well as between hemoglobin and sTfR levels, with coefficient correlations of r = -0.220, (P=0.043) and r = -0.317, (P=0.003), respectively. There was no correlation between serum ferritin and sTfR levels (r = -0.033; P=0.767).Conclusion Hemoglobin levels has weak negative correlations with serum ferritin and sTfR, but serum ferritin does not correlate with sTfR. [Paediatr Indones. 2014;54:122-6.]

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