DASH-Like Diets High in Protein or Monounsaturated Fats Improve Metabolic Syndrome and Calculated Vascular Risk

Weight-loss diets with varying proportions of macronutrients have had varying effects on weight loss, and components of metabolic syndrome and risk factors for vascular diseases. However, little work has examined the effect of weight-neutral dietary changes in macronutrients on these factors. This is an investigation using the OMNI Heart datasets available from the NHLBI BioLINCC program. This study compared a DASH-like diet high in carbohydrates with similar diets high in protein and high in unsaturated fats. Measures of metabolic syndrome, except waist, and measures of risk factors for vascular diseases were taken at the end of each dietary period. All 3 diets significantly lowered the number of metabolic syndrome components (p ≤ 0.002) with a standardized measure of changes in metabolic syndrome components, suggesting that the high-protein, high-fat diet was most efficacious overall (p = 0.035). All 3 diets lowered a calculated 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease, with the high-protein and unsaturated fat diet being the most efficacious (p < 0.001). Only the unsaturated fat diet showed a slightly decreased calculated 9-year risk of diabetes (p = 0.11). Of the 3 weight-neutral diets, those high in protein and unsaturated fats appeared partially or wholly most beneficial.

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Comparison of high protein and high fiber weight-loss diets in women with risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial

Nutrition Journal ◽

10.1186/1475-2891-10-40 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Lisa A Te Morenga ◽

Megan T Levers ◽

Sheila M Williams ◽

Rachel C Brown ◽

Jim Mann

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Randomized Trial ◽

High Protein ◽

High Fiber ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of The effects of weight loss versus weight loss maintenance on sympathetic nervous system activity and metabolic syndrome components.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.7633956.7939054 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Marleen van Baak

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System ◽

Weight Loss Maintenance ◽

Sympathetic Nervous System Activity ◽

System Activity ◽

Nervous System Activity ◽

Sympathetic Nervous ◽

Metabolic Syndrome Components

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Weight loss but not gains in cardiorespiratory fitness after exercise-training predicts improved health risk factors in metabolic syndrome

Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.numecd.2018.08.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 1267-1274 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. Mora-Rodriguez ◽

J.F. Ortega ◽

F. Morales-Palomo ◽

M. Ramirez-Jimenez

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Health Risk ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Health Risk Factors

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Effects of Extreme Weight Loss on Cardiometabolic Health in Children With Metabolic Syndrome: A Metabolomic Study

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.731762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jingxin Liu ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Jing Liao ◽

Xiaoguang Liu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

The Body ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Cardiometabolic Health

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of extreme weight loss programs on circulating metabolites and their relationship with cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and post-test. Thirty children with metabolic syndrome and aged 10–17years were recruited to an extreme weight loss program (i.e., exercise combined with diet control). The primary outcomes included plasma metabolites, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. A total of 324 metabolites were quantitatively detected by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry system, and the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of each metabolite was calculated by the orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis. The fold change (FC) and p value of each metabolite were used to screen differential metabolites with the following values: VIP>1, p value<0.05, and |log2FC|>0.25. Pathway enrichment and correlation analyses between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors were also performed.Result: A large effect size was observed, presenting a weight loss of −8.9kg (Cohen’s d=1.00, p<0.001), body mass index reduction of −3.3kg/m2 (Cohen’s d=1.47, p<0.001), and body fat percent reduction of −4.1 (%) (Cohen’s d=1.22, p<0.001) after the intervention. Similar improvements were found in total cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.65, p<0.001), triglycerides (Cohen’s d=2.59, p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.81, p<0.001), glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. A total of 59 metabolites were changed after the intervention (e.g., aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; nitrogen metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis). The changes in metabolites (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and carnitine) were related to lipid metabolism improvement (p<0.05). Organic acids and carnitines were associated with changes in the body composition (p<0.05).Conclusion: Exercise combined with dietary control improved the body composition and cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome, and these changes may be related to plasma metabolites.

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Weight Loss Improves Cardio-Metabolic and Inflammatory State in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome.

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665120002335 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Matteo Della Porta ◽

Gabriele Piuri ◽

Micaela Garziano ◽

Michela Barichella ◽

Fulvio Muzio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Weight Reduction ◽

Inflammation Markers ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Cytokine Levels ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Associated Risk Factors

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by a constellation of reversible major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it has been widely demonstrated that weight reduction by 5–10% decreases CVD and T2DM risk factors, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, on the other hand, its effects on comprehensive serum cytokine profile and endotoxemia are less investigated. Furthermore, the impact of weight loss on these parameters was studied especially in subjects with morbid obesity, often after bariatric surgery; while the studies on the effects of a physiological weight reduction with a balanced hypocaloric diet in overweight and moderately obese subjects showed contradictory results.The aim of this pilot study was to investigate in overweight and obese men with MetS the effects of caloric restriction on the MetS-associated risk factors, chemical composition of lipoproteins and serum concentration of a wide spectrum of inflammation markers. In addition, the second purpose of this work was to study the possible correlation between lipoprotein chemical composition and these inflammation markers.Eighteen adult Caucasian males (25 kg/m2 < BMI < 35 kg/m2) with MetS losing at least 5% of their initial weight after six months of a Mediterranean-style balanced hypo-caloric diet were included in the study. Lipoproteins were isolated from plasma by ultracentrifugation in a discontinuous KBr gradient. Lipoprotein concentrations of proteins, cholesterol, phospholipids, and triacylglycerols were determined by colorimetric assays. Peripheral cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1b, IL1-b, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, G-CSF, INF-g, TNF-a) were determined by Bioplex multiplex immunoassay. Endotoxemia was measured by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay. The effects of weight-loss were analysed by Wilcoxon's test, the correlations between covariates by Spearman's test (significance: p-value ≤ 0.05).After weight loss, we observed an improvement of MetS-associated risk factors and changes in lipoproteins composition. In particular, together with a reduction of triglyceridemia, we detected a massive transfer of triacylglycerols from HDLs toward LDLs. Furthermore, a significant decrease of IL-6 (0.9 ± 0.7 vs 0.5 ± 0.6), TNF-α (0.7 ± 0.3 vs 0.3 ± 0.18), IL-8 (1.6 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 0.3) and MIP-1β (19.2 ± 1.5 vs 18.5 ± 1.5) was observed. Finally, peripheral levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were directly correlated with all lipid species of VLDL, whereas the concentration of MIP-1β and endotoxin with HDL lipids.Weight loss improved cardio-metabolic risk factors and decreased inflammatory state by reduction of cytokine levels. The relationships between lipoprotein composition and serum inflammation markers deserve to be deepened by studying broader populations.

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