Carotenoids, Chronic Disease Prevention and Dietary Recommendations

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Bohn
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Enzyme Activation ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Health Claims ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract. Carotenoids are C-30, C-40 or C-50 terpenoids produced by a number of bacteria, fungi, and plants. In addition to acting as vitamin A precursors such as β-carotene, their dietary intake and blood plasma/serum and tissue levels have been associated in several epidemiological studies to the reduced incidence of chronic diseases, including the reduction of type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases, as well as some types of cancer. Lutein and zeaxanthin also appear to play a role in the amelioration of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the main cause of blindness in the elderly, and may be regarded as conditionally essential nutrients for the elderly. Furthermore, some studies have proposed that carotenoids may improve cognitive functions. Though the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, it is perceived that direct antioxidant effects and protection from UV-light, as well as rather indirect effects, acting on transcription factors such as NF-κB, Nrf-2, and nuclear receptors such as RAR/RXR (retinoic acid receptor/retinoid X receptor), altering gene expression, all can play a role. Despite individual intervention trials suggesting negative effects of high doses of β-carotene on smokers, perhaps due to effects related to cytochrome enzyme activation, there is accumulating evidence that these colourful pigments indeed contribute to a healthy life and well-being. However, further research is warranted to better understand factors influencing variable inter-individual responses following carotenoid consumption and to establish more detailed recommendations regarding their dietary intake and toward establishing health claims.

scholarly journals Impact of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: burden of patients receiving therapies in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Honda ◽  
Yasuo Yanagi ◽  
Hideki Koizumi ◽  
Yirong Chen ◽  
Satoru Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Healthcare Resource Utilisation ◽  
Age Related

AbstractThe chronic eye disorder, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), is a common cause of permanent vision impairment and blindness among the elderly in developed countries, including Japan. This study aimed to investigate the disease burden of nAMD patients under treatment, using data from the Japan National Health and Wellness surveys 2009–2014. Out of 147,272 respondents, 100 nAMD patients reported currently receiving treatment. Controls without nAMD were selected by 1:4 propensity score matching. Healthcare Resource Utilisation (HRU), Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), and work productivity loss were compared between the groups. Regarding HRU, nAMD patients had significantly increased number of visits to any healthcare provider (HCP) (13.8 vs. 8.2), ophthalmologist (5.6 vs. 0.8), and other HCP (9.5 vs. 7.1) compared to controls after adjusting for confounding factors. Additionally, nAMD patients had reduced HRQoL and work productivity, i.e., reduced physical component summary (PCS) score (46.3 vs. 47.9), increased absenteeism (18.14% vs. 0.24%), presenteeism (23.89% vs. 12.44%), and total work productivity impairment (33.57% vs. 16.24%). The increased number of ophthalmologist visits were associated with decreased PCS score, increased presenteeism and total work productivity impairment. The current study highlighted substantial burden for nAMD patients, requiring further attention for future healthcare planning and treatment development.

scholarly journals Carotenoid Profiling of Orange-Coloured Capsicums: In Search of High-Zeaxanthin Varieties for Eye Health

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Rimjhim Agarwal ◽  
Hung T. Hong ◽  
Alice Hayward ◽  
Stephen Harper ◽  
Neena Mitter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Daily Dietary Intake ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Rate Of Progression ◽  
Red Capsicum

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, such as Australia. Lutein and zeaxanthin are the only two carotenoids found in the macular region of the eye. Studies have shown that an intake of 10 mg and 2 mg per day of lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively, can reduce the rate of progression of AMD. The supply of these carotenoids can only be met through dietary sources or supplements, as these compounds cannot be synthesised by humans. Although lutein is relatively abundant in dietary sources, zeaxanthin has limited sources. In this study, eight orange and three red capsicum varieties were analysed for their carotenoid profiles by UHPLC-DAD-APCI-MS. It was observed that the principal carotenoid for seven of the orange varieties was zeaxanthin, and capsanthin for the three red varieties. One orange variety, which had a darker orange hue, had capsanthin and violaxanthin as its principal carotenoids instead of zeaxanthin. Zeaxanthin concentration (the principal carotenoid) in the seven orange varieties varied from 2.6 ± 0.5 mg/100 g to 25.27 ± 9.4 mg/100 FW, suggesting that as little as 7 g of the high-zeaxanthin line could meet the recommended daily dietary intake of 2 mg/person/day.

scholarly journals Neovascular Macular Degeneration: A Review of Etiology, Risk Factors, and Recent Advances in Research and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
Arunbalaji Pugazhendhi ◽  
Margaret Hubbell ◽  
Pooja Jairam ◽  
Balamurali Ambati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Gene Therapies ◽  
Rho Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (exudative or wet AMD) is a prevalent, progressive retinal degenerative macular disease that is characterized by neovascularization of the choroid, mainly affecting the elderly population causing gradual vision impairment. Risk factors such as age, race, genetics, iris color, smoking, drinking, BMI, and diet all play a part in nvAMD’s progression, with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy being the mainstay of treatment. Current therapeutic advancements slow the progression of the disease but do not cure or reverse its course. Newer therapies such as gene therapies, Rho-kinase inhibitors, and levodopa offer potential new targets for treatment.

scholarly journals Monitoring Health Parameters of Elders to Support Independent Living and Improve Their Quality of Life

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Ilia Adami ◽  
Michalis Foukarakis ◽  
Stavroula Ntoa ◽  
Nikolaos Partarakis ◽  
Nikolaos Stefanakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Chronic Illnesses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Health And Well Being

Improving the well-being and quality of life of the elderly population is closely related to assisting them to effectively manage age-related conditions such as chronic illnesses and anxiety, and to maintain their independence and self-sufficiency as much as possible. This paper presents the design, architecture and implementation structure of an adaptive system for monitoring the health and well-being of the elderly. The system was designed following best practices of the Human-Centred Design approach involving representative end-users from the early stages.

scholarly journals Energy, macronutrient and fatty acid intake of French elderly community dwellers and association with socio-demographic characteristics: data from the Bordeaux sample of the Three-City Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Féart ◽  
Marthe A. Jutand ◽  
Sophie Larrieu ◽  
Luc Letenneur ◽  
Cécile Delcourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Fat

Few data are available regarding dietary habits of the elderly, in particular about fatty acid consumption, whereas these are major risk or protective factors of several age-related diseases. The aim of the present study was to characterise the dietary intake of a French elderly population in terms of energy, macronutrients and fatty acids based on their socio-demographic characteristics. The study population (age range 67·7–94·9 years) consisted of 1786 subjects from Bordeaux (France), included in the Three-City cohort. Dietary assessment was performed by a 24 h recall, allowing the estimation of energy, protein, carbohydrate, total fat, SFA, MUFA and PUFA intakes. Socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, educational level and income), practice of sports and BMI were registered. Total energy intake (EI) was lower in women and in older participants ( ≥ 85 years) but higher in single subjects. Higher EI was associated with higher income, but not with educational level. Mean contribution of macronutrients to EI (protein 18 %, carbohydrate 46 % and total fat 31 %) was higher in women than men, except for alcohol. The oldest individuals consumed less protein and more mono- and disaccharides. Excess saturated fat intake (43 % of total fat), associated with a relative deficit in MUFA consumption (36 % of total fat), was observed. The mean 18 : 2n-6 : 18 : 3n-3 ratio was 9.9 and decreased with higher educational level. The present results suggest that being female, older age, being widowed and low income level could be considered as risk factors of inadequate dietary intake.

scholarly journals Lutein and zeaxanthin intake and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Ma ◽  
Hong-Liang Dou ◽  
Yi-Qun Wu ◽  
Yang-Mu Huang ◽  
Yu-Bei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Search Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Study Quality Assessment

Lutein and zeaxanthin are thought to decrease the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD); however, findings have been inconsistent. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin and AMD risk. Relevant studies were identified by searching five databases up to April 2010. Reference lists of articles were retrieved, and experts were contacted. Literature search, data extraction and study quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers and results were pooled quantitatively using meta-analysis methods. The potential sources of heterogeneity and publication bias were also estimated. The search yielded six longitudinal cohort studies. The pooled relative risk (RR) for early AMD, comparing the highest with the lowest category of lutein and zeaxanthin intake, was 0·96 (95 % CI 0·78, 1·17). Dietary intake of these carotenoids was significantly related with a reduction in risk of late AMD (RR 0·74; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·97); and a statistically significant inverse association was observed between lutein and zeaxanthin intake and neovascular AMD risk (RR 0·68; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·92). The results were essentially consistent among subgroups stratified by participant characteristics. The findings of the present meta-analysis indicate that dietary lutein and zeaxanthin is not significantly associated with a reduced risk of early AMD, whereas an increase in the intake of these carotenoids may be protective against late AMD. However, additional studies are needed to confirm these relationships.

scholarly journals Introduction to the multi-author review on macular degeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kauppinen
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Severe Vision Loss ◽  
Author Review ◽  
Dry Amd ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

AbstractProlonged life expectancies contribute to the increasing prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that is already the leading cause of severe vision loss among the elderly in developed countries. In dry AMD, the disease culminates into vast retinal atrophy, whereas the wet form is characterized by retinal edema and sudden vision loss due to neovascularization originating from the choroid beneath the Bruch’s membrane. There is no treatment for dry AMD and despite intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that suppress the neovessel formation, also wet AMD needs new therapies to prevent the disease progression and to serve patients lacking of positive response to current medicines. Knowledge on disease mechanisms is a prerequisite for the drug development, which is hindered by the multifactorial nature of AMD. Numerous distinguished publications have revealed AMD mechanisms at the cellular and molecular level and in this multi-author review, we take a bit broader look at the topic with some novel aspects.

AN AUTOMATED METHOD TO DETECT AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION FROM OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150036
Author(s):  
Anju Thomas ◽  
P. M. Harikrishnan ◽  
Varun P. Gopi ◽  
P. Palanisamy
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Sd Oct

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye disease that affects the elderly. AMD’s prevalence is increasing as society’s population ages; thus, early detection is critical to prevent vision loss in the elderly. Arrangement of a comprehensive examination of the eye for AMD detection is a challenging task. This paper suggests a new poly scale and dual path (PSDP) convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for early-stage AMD diagnosis automatically. The proposed PSDP architecture has nine convolutional layers to classify the input image as AMD or normal. A PSDP architecture is used to enhance classification efficiency due to the high variation in size and shape of perforation present in OCT images. The poly scale approach employs filters of various sizes to extract features from local regions more effectively. Simultaneously, the dual path architecture incorporates features extracted from different CNN layers to boost features in the global regions. The sigmoid function is used to classify images into binary categories. The Mendeley data set is used to train the proposed network and tested on Mendeley, Duke, SD-OCT Noor, and OCTID data sets. The testing accuracy of the network in Mendeley, Duke, SD-OCT Noor, and OCT-ID is 99.73%,96.66%,94.89%,99.61%, respectively. The comparison with alternative approaches showed that the proposed algorithm is efficient in detecting AMD. Despite having been trained on the Mendeley data set, the proposed model exhibited good detection accuracy when tested on other data sets. This shows that the suggested model can distinguish AMD/Normal images from various data sets. As compared to other methods, the findings show that the proposed algorithm is efficient at detecting AMD. Rapid eye scanning for early detection of AMD could be possible with the proposed architecture. The proposed CNN can be applied in real-time due to its lower complexity and less learnable parameters.

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