Bystander Helping Behavior in Response to Workplace Bullying

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Hellemans ◽  
Davide Dal Cason ◽  
Annalisa Casini
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Passive Behavior

Abstract. This research examines the role of colleagues’ helping behavior in workplace bullying. Although colleagues are often able to intervene to support the victim or stop the bullying, passive behavior and nonintervention are more frequent. The bystander effect described by Latané and Darley (1970) has been studied in the context of school bullying and sexual harassment, but only rarely has it been studied in the context of workplace bullying. We tested the influence of the belief in a just world for others, self-efficacy, perceived severity, and causal attribution as determinants of three types of bystander helping behavior. We used a vignette describing a case of bullying in a vertically organized workplace in an online questionnaire survey, which was completed by 194 workers. The results showed that low self-efficacy was associated with nonintervention, that perceived severity mainly determined public helping behavior, and that both internal and external causal attributions contributed to explaining both emotional and public support for the harassed colleague. The results highlight the importance of training to increase awareness and recognition of bullying phenomena among colleagues.

scholarly journals What Lies Beneath: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Causal Attribution Habits, and Gender in Accounting for the Success of College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Kerstin Hamann ◽  
Maura A. E. Pilotti ◽  
Bruce M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Course Grades ◽  
Success In Higher Education ◽  
And Gender

Existing research has identified gender as a driving variable of student success in higher education: women attend college at a higher rate and are also more successful than their male peers. We build on the extant literature by asking whether specific cognitive variables (i.e., self-efficacy and causal attribution habits) distinguish male and female students with differing academic performance levels. Using a case study, we collected data from students enrolled in a general education course (sample size N = 400) at a large public university in the United States. Our findings indicate that while students’ course grades and cumulative college grades did not vary by gender, female and male students reported different self-efficacy and causal attribution habits for good grades and poor grades. To illustrate, self-efficacy for female students is broad and stretches across all their courses; in contrast, for male students, it is more limited to specific courses. These gender differences in cognition, particularly in accounting for undesirable events, may assist faculty members and advisors in understanding how students respond to difficulties and challenges.

Attribution Theory, Bystander Effect and Willingness to Intervene in Intimate Partner Violence

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052199794
Author(s):  
Clara N. Wijaya ◽  
Lynne D. Roberts ◽  
Robert T. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Bystander Effect ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Willingness To Intervene

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a crime that is afflicted by a current or previous romantic relationship partner. One in four women has experienced IPV at least once in their lifetime, with physical and psychological consequences. IPV cases tend to go largely unnoticed and under-reported, with low rates of intervention by bystanders. This cross-sectional correlational study investigated whether a combination of attribution theory and the bystander effect could predict the willingness of strangers to intervene in IPV. There were two models tested. The first model examined attitudes towards the victim, while the second one examined attitudes towards the perpetrator. The relationship between perceived responsibility and willingness to intervene was hypothesized to be mediated by sympathy and anger, with the number of bystanders as a moderator to mediating pathways (sympathy towards victim and anger towards perpetrator). A convenience sample of 278 Australian residents aged 18-years and older was presented in a vignette depicting an IPV incident occurring in public. Participants completed measures about the vignette in an online questionnaire. Model testing was conducted using MPlus; confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the measurement models. After controlling potential covariates, moderated mediation models of victim and perpetrator were analyzed. Attribution theory was a significant predictor in willingness to intervene ( f² = .23, p < .001), but the bystander effect was not. Both attitudes towards victim and perpetrator accounted for unique variance in willingness to intervene in IPV, highlighting the importance of examining both. Findings indicate that psychoeducation campaigns aimed at reducing victim-blaming and promoting intervening behavior could be an effective means of preventing IPV.

scholarly journals Psychological reaction to Covid-19 of Italian patients with IBD

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariarosaria Savarese ◽  
Greta Castellini ◽  
Salvatore Leone ◽  
Enrica Previtali ◽  
Alessandro Armuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Italian Association ◽  
Psychological Reaction ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be particularly vulnerable to the effects of the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) on disease management and psychological status. This study explored psychological reactions to the Covid-19 emergency and IBD disease management in a sample of Italian patients. Methods An online questionnaire was designed to assess general concerns, psychological reaction, disease management, socio-demographics, and clinical information with validated scales and ad hoc items. A non-probabilistic purposive sample was selected, comprised patients with IBD who belonged to the Italian Association for patients with IBD (AMICI Onlus) completed the questionnaire in April 2020. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics, student’s T-test for independent groups, and one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Results One thousand fourteen eligible questionnaires were analyzed. Italian patients with IBD appeared to be very worried about the Covid-19 emergency (60.7%) and concerned about the risks of infection (59%). Half of the sample reported medium to high-perceived stress, and 74% had low-medium coping self-efficacy levels. One third was in a state of psychological arousal. Twenty-nine percent of patients had canceled hospital appointments for fear of contracting the virus. The majority of responders believed that belonging to the Italian Association for Patients with IBD - AMICI Onlus - is useful. Conclusions The results revealed that this sample of Italian patients with IBD lived with medium level of stress and with inadequate coping self-efficacy regarding disease management. Accordingly, Covid-19 may affect self-management behaviors. Therefore, national and regional associations for patients with IBD, should largely support these patients in this emergency.

scholarly journals Perception of Risk, Self-Efficacy and Social Trust during the Diffusion of Covid-19 in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3427
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Diotaiuti ◽  
Giuseppe Valente ◽  
Stefania Mancone ◽  
Lavinia Falese ◽  
Fernando Bellizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Interpersonal Trust ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Perceived Trust ◽  
Health Authorities

The Coronavirus pandemic has affected the lives of people all over the world. The perception of risk and people’s consequent behaviour during a pandemic are very complex and are affected by multiple cultural and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in risk perception, perceived self-efficacy and the perceived trust in the behaviour of others, the decisions of health authorities and government provisions, as well as the variation of self-restraint behaviours during the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic in Italy. We used a convenience sample of 707 university students (Mage = 22.99; SD = 4.01) from a central area of Italy. Participants freely joined the research by answering an online questionnaire between February and March 2020. Three time intervals defined by the progressive containment measures implemented by the Italian Government were considered. Main outcome measures were the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, the Risk Perception Index, the Index of Self-restraint Behaviours, and Institutional and Interpersonal Trust Measures. Results confirmed that significant changes in the time progression have occurred in the perception of risk, in the perception of individual self-efficacy, in the value attributed to social responsibility, in interpersonal trust and in trust in health authorities. The study also identified the participants’ personality traits and locus of control as predictors (positive and negative) of perceived self-efficacy and tested a mediation model of trust on the effect of risk perception on self-restraint intentions.

Developmental Study of Moral Judgments by Japanese Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1131-1136
Author(s):  
Hirotsugu Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Japanese Children ◽  
Dual Scaling ◽  
Evaluative Feedback

The purpose of this study was to examine the determinants of causal attribution in the contexts of moral judgment and the developmental shifts of the determinants. Subjects were children in Grades 2, 4, and 6 ( ns = 83, 122, and 84). Moral judgments were measured by asking subjects to provide “evaluative feedback” to an hypothetical child's helping behavior. The method of dual scaling was applied to the frequency data of moral judgments. Two-dimensional solutions show that subjects judged whether the hypothetical child should be rewarded or punished and what amount of reward or punishment was given to the hypothetical child. Developmental shifts were found for moral judgment.

scholarly journals MODELING OF CAREER CHOICE BEHAVIORS IN INDONESIAN DENTISTRY STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Fianirazha Primesa Caesarani ◽  
Febby Astria ◽  
Rizma Adlia Syakurah ◽  
Bertha Aulia ◽  
Reynold Siburian
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Career Planning ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Career Exploration ◽  
Outcome Expectation ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Career Intention

 The increasing number of dentists shows that this profession is one of the most popular career choices in Indonesia. The type of dentist professional development varies so that career planning is an important thing that has a big influence on one's future. The social-cognitive career theory (SCCT) perspective explains that there is a relationship between career self-efficacy, career outcome expectation, career intention and career exploration in the career selection process. By using SCCT, this study aimed to determine the career exploration-related behavior relationship, which consists of career self-efficacy, career outcome expectations, career intention and career exploration, in the career determination for dentistry students in Indonesia. This research is an observational analytic study of 505 samples of undergraduate and profession students of dentistry who have filled out an online questionnaire from March to June 2019. An online questionnaire consisting of a Career Decision Making Self-Efficacy-Short Form (CDMSE-SF), Career Decision Outcome Expectation (CDMOE), Career Exploration Planning or Intention Questionnaire (CEPI), Career Exploration Survey-Revised (CES-R), which has translated and validated. All models are analyzed using the maximum possible estimation of the AMOS application. This research showed that there was a significant relationship between having a career plan and father's job. This study concluded that self efficacy, outcome expectation, and career intention influence the career exploration of dentistry students significantly both directly and indirectly.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS SELF EFFICACY MENGAHADAPI BULLYING DI SEKOLAH

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Dewi Sri Anggraini ◽  
Maulidiyah Junnatul Azizah Heru ◽  
Atika Jatimi ◽  
Zainal Munir ◽  
Handono Fatkhur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
The Self ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
Bullying Behavior ◽  
Electronic Data Base ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Victims Of Bullying

Introduction: Bullying behavior becomes an unsettling problem at school. bullying cases have a major impact on the psychology of victims of bullying. Improper coping relationships can form negative behaviors. This study aims to improve Self-efficacy which plays an important role in overcoming bullying events. Method: this study uses a literature review method by searching the electronic data base PROQUEST, EBSCO, DOAJ, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, GATE RESEARCH with keywords: self-efficacy, bullying, victim intimidation. Literatul review used as many as 20 articles in accordance with the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. Results: this study shows the effectiveness of self-bullying in schools, where self-efficacy is able to give an emphasis on individual self-ability to overcome the problem of bullying in school, so that bullying increases. Conclusion: bullying cases in schools can be agreed with the self-efficacy of each individual. self efficacy helps someone in overcoming the problem of bullying and using appropriate coping to solve the problem. Keywords: Self-efficacy, bullying, bullying victim at school

The diffusion of mobile QR-code payment: an empirical evaluation for a pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Cu Le
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Qr Code ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Performance Expectancy ◽  
Effort Expectancy

PurposeThe research purpose is to explore the diffusion of mobile QR-code payment (MQP) in a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) context by formulating a behavioral response model based on an integration between protection motivation theory (PMT) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). This study also investigates the importance of physical distancing norm for behavioral intention toward MQP.Design/methodology/approachA web-based survey was designed and data were accumulated from 411 validated respondents who have used MQP or tend to utilize it in Vietnam. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS to verify the hypotheses.FindingsResults illustrated that behavioral intention is motivated by key antecedents of PMT (including perceived severity, perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy) and important factors of UTAUT (including performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence), and physical distancing norm. Moreover, perceived severity promotes performance expectancy, whereas self-efficacy boosts effort expectancy in MQP. Lastly, behavioral intention and recommendation were indicators of the diffusion of MQP under COVID-19.Practical implicationsMQP is just in its infant stage in Vietnam; thus, the findings provide managerial implications, which will aid service providers and firms to adopt marketing strategies that enhance consumers' acceptability and recommendation of MQP to the public.Originality/valueLittle is empirically considered the effects of perceived threat-related factors in PMT and physical distancing norm on behavioral intention toward MQP in a salient pandemic setting. Furthermore, the antecedents in UTAUT contribute greatly to behavioral intention. This study enlightens the diffusion of MQP based on behavioral intention and recommendation.

An Empirical Investigation on Internet Privacy on Social Network Sites among Malaysian Youths

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Norsaremah Salleh ◽  
Ramlah Hussein ◽  
Norshidah Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Social Network Sites ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Perceived Vulnerability ◽  
Internet Privacy ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

People have been using Social Network Sites (SNS) to communicate and make friends online. Although SNS offer many benefits to users, information privacy seems to be overlooked. Based on the Protection Motivation Theory, this study investigated the factors that might influence youths to disclose information about themselves on the SNS. Four factors were investigated to determine whether there are significant relationships between them and information disclosure. The factors were perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits and self-efficacy. A self-administered questionnaire was developed to capture useful information pertaining to the subject matter. Using university students as sample, five hundred questionnaires were distributed and four hundred and eighty six were collected for further analysis. The results revealed that perceived vulnerability, perceived benefits and self-efficacy were significantly related to information disclosure, while perceived severity was not significantly related.

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