Case-control study of the low intensive autism-specific early behavioral intervention A-FFIP: Outcome after one year

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Kitzerow ◽  
Karoline Teufel ◽  
Katrin Jensen ◽  
Christian Wilker ◽  
Christine M. Freitag
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Autistic Symptoms ◽  
One Year ◽  
Control Study

Abstract. Abstracts: Objective: In current international research, early intervention in children with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) focuses on naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions (NDBI). The manualized Frankfurt Early Intervention Program for preschool-aged children with ASD (A-FFIP) implements NDBI principles within a low-intensity approach of 2 h intervention/week. The present case-control study established effect sizes of change in autistic symptoms, comorbid behavioral problems as well as IQ after one year. Methodology: An intervention group (N = 20; age: 3.4–7.9 years) and a treatment-as-usual control group (N = 20; age: 3.2–7.3 years) of children with ASD were matched for developmental and chronological age. The outcome measures used were the ADOS severity score, the Child Behavior Checklist, and cognitive development. Results: After one year, the A-FFIP group showed a trend towards greater improvement in autistic symptoms (η2 = .087 [95 %-CI: .000–.159]) and significantly greater improvements in cognitive development (η2 = .206 [CI: .012–.252]) and global psychopathology (η2 = .144 [CI: .001–.205]) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The efficacy of A-FFIP should be established in a larger, sufficiently powered, randomized controlled study.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological features of sleep in children with Kir4.1 channel mutations and Autism–Epilepsy phenotype: a preliminary study

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Cucchiara ◽  
Paolo Frumento ◽  
Tommaso Banfi ◽  
Gianluca Sesso ◽  
Marco Di Galante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Preliminary Finding ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Study Objectives Recently, a role for gain-of-function (GoF) mutations of the astrocytic potassium channel Kir4.1 (KCNJ10 gene) has been proposed in subjects with Autism–Epilepsy phenotype (AEP). Epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are common and complexly related to sleep disorders. We tested whether well characterized mutations in KCNJ10 could result in specific sleep electrophysiological features, paving the way to the discovery of a potentially relevant biomarker for Kir4.1-related disorders. Methods For this case–control study, we recruited seven children with ASD either comorbid or not with epilepsy and/or EEG paroxysmal abnormalities (AEP) carrying GoF mutations of KCNJ10 and seven children with similar phenotypes but wild-type for the same gene, comparing period-amplitude features of slow waves detected by fronto-central bipolar EEG derivations (F3-C3, F4-C4, and Fz-Cz) during daytime naps. Results Children with Kir4.1 mutations displayed longer slow waves periods than controls, in Fz-Cz (mean period = 112,617 ms ± SE = 0.465 in mutated versus mean period = 105,249 ms ± SE = 0.375 in controls, p < 0.001). An analog result was found in F3-C3 (mean period = 125,706 ms ± SE = 0.397 in mutated versus mean period = 120,872 ms ± SE = 0.472 in controls, p < 0.001) and F4-C4 (mean period = 127,914 ms ± SE = 0.557 in mutated versus mean period = 118,174 ms ± SE = 0.442 in controls, p < 0.001). Conclusion This preliminary finding suggests that period-amplitude slow wave features are modified in subjects carrying Kir4.1 GoF mutations. Potential clinical applications of this finding are discussed.

scholarly journals Association between assisted reproductive technology and autism spectrum disorders in Iran: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 368-372
Author(s):  
Ensiyeh Jenabi ◽  
Mahdieh Seyedi ◽  
Ronak Hamzehei ◽  
Saeid Bashirian ◽  
Mohammad Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Control Study

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impairments in social interaction and verbal and nonverbal communication.Purpose: Determine the association between use of assisted reproduction technology (ART) and the risk of ASD among children.Methods: This case-control study included 300 participants (100 cases, 200 controls). The control group included women with a child aged 2–10 years without ASD, while the cases were women with a child aged 2–10 years with ASD. We used a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Stata ver. 14 at the 0.05 significance level.Results: In the univariate analysis, there was significant association between child sex, delivery mode, history of preterm delivery, history of using ART, and maternal age at child’s birth and the risk of ASD. After the adjustment for other variables, this association was significant for male sex (2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–4.31; P=0.001) and history of using ART (4.03; 95% CI, 1.76–9.21; <i>P</i>=0.001). Therefore, after the adjustment for confounder variables, there was no significant association between ART and the risk of ASD among children (4.98; 95% CI, 0.91–27.30; <i>P</i>=0.065).Conclusion: After the adjustment for other variables, risk factors for ASD were male sex and history preterm delivery. Thus, there was no significant association between ART and the risk of ASD among children.

scholarly journals Association Between Antenatal Antimicrobial Therapy and Autism Spectrum Disorder—A Nested Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitzan Abelson ◽  
Gal Meiri ◽  
Shirley Solomon ◽  
Hagit Flusser ◽  
Analya Michaelovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Reduced Risk

Background: Multiple prenatal factors have been associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. However, current data about the association between antimicrobial use during pregnancy and ASD is limited.Methods: A nested matched case-control study of children with ASD (cases), and children without ASD or other psychiatric or genetic disorders (controls). We compared the use of antimicrobial therapy during the 3 months before conception or during pregnancy between mothers of cases and controls and used multivariate conditional logistic regression models to assess the independent association between maternal use of antimicrobials during pregnancy and the risk of ASD in their offspring.Results: More than half of the mothers in the study (54.1%) used antimicrobial drugs during the 3 months before conception or during pregnancy. Rates of antimicrobial use were lower for mothers of children with ASD compared to mothers of controls (49.0 vs. 55.1%, respectively; p = 0.02), especially during the third trimester of pregnancy (18.8 vs. 22.9%, respectively; p = 0.03), and for the use of penicillins (15.7 vs. 19.7%, respectively; p = 0.06). These case–control differences suggest that antimicrobial administration during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of ASD in the offspring (aOR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.61–0.92). Interestingly, this association was seen only among Jewish but not for the Bedouin mothers (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.48–0.79 and aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.82–1.79).Conclusions: The reduced risk of ASD associated with prenatal antimicrobials use only in the Jewish population suggest the involvement of other ethnic differences in healthcare services utilization in this association.

scholarly journals Using the More Than Words Program With Chinese Families: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasper S. Y. Lok ◽  
Xin Qi ◽  
Carol K. S. To
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Chinese Families ◽  
Control Study

This study investigated the effectiveness of the Hanen More Than Words® (HMTW) program amongst parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Hong Kong. In this prospective cohort study, 31 Cantonese-speaking young children with ASD and their parents were divided into either the HMTW group (n = 26) or a control group (n = 5). The HMTW intervention was provided over 11 weeks. The children’s communication abilities were measured prior to the intervention (Time 1) and 1 month after the end of the intervention (Time 2), and the results were compared between the two groups. The parents’ attributes and demographic information were measured at Time 1. The results showed a significant increase in children’s communication and social skills in the HMTW group compared with the control group. Children of parents with lower levels of Time 1 parenting self-efficacy exhibited facilitated growth in communication and social skills. These findings provide evidence of the effectiveness of the HMTW program in a Chinese cultural setting and demonstrate an important link between parenting self-efficacy and the effectiveness of the HMTW program.

scholarly journals Comorbidity and health services' usage in children with autism spectrum disorder: a nested case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yotam Dizitzer ◽  
Gal Meiri ◽  
Hagit Flusser ◽  
Analya Michaelovski ◽  
Ilan Dinstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Comorbidity Burden ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Aims Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tend to suffer from various medical comorbidities. We studied the comorbidity burden and health services' utilisation of children with ASD to highlight potential aetiologies and to better understand the medical needs of these children. Methods In this nested case–control study, ASD cases and controls – matched by age, sex and ethnicity in a 1:5 ratio – were sampled from all children born between 2009 and 2016 at a tertiary medical centre. Data were obtained from the hospital's electronic database. Comorbid diagnoses were classified according to pathophysiological aetiology and anatomical/systemic classification of disease. Standard univariate and multivariate statistics were used to demonstrate comorbidities and health services' utilisation patterns that are significantly associated with ASD. Results ASD children had higher rates of comorbidities according to both pathophysiological and anatomical/systemic classifications (p < 0.001). The most marked significant differences were observed for: hearing impairments (OR = 4.728; 95% CI 2.207–10.127) and other auricular conditions (OR = 5.040; 95% CI 1.759–14.438); neurological (OR = 8.198; 95% CI 5.690–11.813) and ophthalmological (OR = 3.381; 95% CI 1.617–7.068) conditions; and ADD/ADHD (OR = 3.246; 95% CI 1.811–5.818). A subgroup analysis revealed a more profound case–control difference in anaemia rates among girls than in boys (OR = 3.25; 95% CI 1.04–10.19 v. OR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.33–1.64 respectively) and an opposite trend (larger differences in males than in females in cardiovascular diseases (OR = 1.99; 95% CI 1.23–3.23 v. OR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.17–3.45, respectively)). In addition, larger case–control differences were seen among Bedouin children than in Jewish children in a number of medical comorbidities (Breslow–Day test for homogeneity of odds ratio p-value <0.05). Finally, we found that children with ASD tended to be referred to the emergency department and to be admitted to the hospital more frequently than children without ASD, even after adjusting for their comorbidity burden (aOR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.08–1.50 and aOR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.11–1.47 for >1 referrals and admissions per year, respectively). Conclusions The findings of this study contribute to the overall understanding of comorbid conditions and health services' utilisation for children with ASD. The higher prevalences of comorbidities and healthcare services' utilisation for children with ASD highlight the additional medical burden associated with this condition.

Assessment of Craniofacial Morphology in Mouth Breathing Children. A retrospective case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3649-3653
Author(s):  
David Angelescu ◽  
Teodora Angelescu ◽  
Meda Romana Simu ◽  
Alexandrina Muntean ◽  
Anca Stefania Mesaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Oral Breathing ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to determine a possible correlation between breathing mode and craniofacial morphology. The study was carried out in the Department of Pedodontics,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample comprised 80 patients, age between 6 and 13 years, which were divided in two groups based on respiratory pattern: control group composed of 38 nasal breathing children and case group composed of 42 oral breathing children. Three quantitative craniofacial parameters were measured from the frontal and lateral photos: facial index, lower facial height ratio and upper lip ratio. The statistical analysis showed a significant higher facial index (p=0.006*) and an increase lower facial height (p=0.033*) for the oral breathers group. No differences in facial morphology were found between genders and age groups, when comparing the data between the same type of respiratory pattern children. Spearman�s rho Correlation show a significant positive correlation (p=0.002*) between facial index and lower facial height and a significant negative correlation between facial index and upper lip (p=0,005*). Long faces children are more likely to develop oral breathing in certain conditions, which subsequently have a negative effect on increasing the lower facial height by altering the postural behavior of mandible and tongue.

Association of Serum Homocysteine Level and Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: A Case-control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Nazarinia ◽  
Asghar Zare ◽  
Mohammad javad Fallahi ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Homocysteine Level ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lung Involvement ◽  
Serum Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Background:Systemic sclerosis is a disorder of connective tissue with unknown cause, affecting the skin and internal organs, characterized by fibrotic changes.Objective:To determine the correlation between serum homocysteine level and interstitial lung involvement in systemic sclerosis. </P><P> Materials and Methods: In this case – control study, 59 patients who fulfilled the ACR/EULAR classification criteria for systemic sclerosis and were referred to Hafez Hospital of Shiraz, Iran, were included as the case group. Fifty nine healthy subjects were involved as the control group. Patients were divided into two groups based on interstitial lung involvement and two subtypes, diffuse and limited type. Serum homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate levels compared between the controls, and cases groups.Results:Of 59 case and control group, 53 (%89.8) were female and the mean age did not differ in both groups (P=0.929). Thirty five (%59.3) patients had interstitial lung involvement and 38(%64.4) had diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. The mean serum homocysteine level was 13.9±6.3 µmol/L in the case and 13.7±9.2 µmol/L in the control group (P=0.86). The mean serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients with and without interstitial lung involvement (P=0.52). The patients with lung involvement was older than those without lung involvement (P=0.004). Lung disease was more common in diffuse type (P=0.014).Conclusion:In our study, serum homocysteine level did not differ between the patients and healthy subjects. Also, there was no correlation between serum homocysteine level and lung involvement, but lung involvement was more common in older patients and also diffuse subtype.

scholarly journals Study of cognitive impairment and genetic polymorphism of SLC41A1 (rs11240569 allele) in Parkinson’s disease in Upper Egypt: case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamdy N. El-Tallawy ◽  
Tahia H. Saleem ◽  
Wafaa M. Farghaly ◽  
Heba Mohamed Saad Eldien ◽  
Ashraf Khodaery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Non Motor Symptoms ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease is one of the neurodegenerative disorders that is caused by genetic and environmental factors or interaction between them. Solute carrier family 41 member 1 within the PARK16 locus has been reported to be associated with Parkinson’s disease. Cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms that is considered a challenge in Parkinson’s disease patients. This study aimed to investigate the association of rs11240569 polymorphism; a synonymous coding variant in SLC41A1 in Parkinson’s disease patients in addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment in those patients. Results In a case -control study, rs11240569 single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC41A1, genes were genotyped in 48 Parkinson’s disease patients and 48 controls. Motor and non-motor performance in Parkinson's disease patients were assessed by using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). The genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the two groups and revealed no significant differences between case and control groups for rs11240569 in SLC41A1 gene with P value .523 and .54, respectively. Cognition was evaluated and showed the mean ± standard deviation (SD) of WAIS score of PD patients 80.4 ± 9.13 and the range was from 61 to 105, in addition to MMSE that showed mean ± SD 21.96 ± 3.8. Conclusion Genetic testing of the present study showed that rs11240569 polymorphism of SLC41A1 gene has no significant differences in distributions of alleles and genotypes between cases and control group, in addition to cognitive impairment that is present in a large proportion of PD patients and in addition to the strong correlation between cognitive impairment and motor and non-motor symptoms progression.

Serum otolin-1 as a biomarker for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
D V K Irugu ◽  
A Singh ◽  
H Yadav ◽  
H Verma ◽  
R Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate serum otolin-1 levels in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and to compare these levels with healthy individuals. Method This was a case-control study. After obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance, the serum level of otolin-1 was calculated in adult individuals (18–75 years old) who were divided into group 1 (patients presenting with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo) and group 2 (healthy patients without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo as the control group). Data analysis was carried out to compare the serum levels in the cases and controls. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results A total of 70 age-matched individuals (cases, n = 40; controls, n = 30) were included in the study. The mean serum level of otolin-1 was 636.8 pg/ml (range, 259–981 pg/ml) in the group of patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and 236.2 pg/ml (range, 189–370 pg/ml) in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0000). Conclusion The serum levels of otolin-1 in patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo are significantly higher compared with individuals without benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

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