Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly

GeroPsych ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birk Engmann
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Over Time

The article reviews the relationship between depressive symptoms and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Evidence bearing on this relation comes from clinical findings, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid markers. Depression in elderly people is associated with a higher occurrence of cognitive impairment, whereas the decline of cognitive functions over time seems to be a predictor of the development of dementia. Further symptoms predicting a high risk of progression from MCI to dementia are anxiety, restlessness, and low awareness of cognitive malfunction. There are controversies in the literature, however, about the connections among vascular brain lesions, depression, and MCI. Frontal and temporal brain regions seem to be at the core of functional changes in MCI patients. Several studies of cerebrospinal fluid point out the role of tau protein in predicting the outcome of MCI over time. In conclusion, diagnosis of MCI demands a complex assessment. MCI patients with and without depression need careful follow-up investigations.

scholarly journals Risk of progression from subjective cognitive decline to mild cognitive impairment: The role of study setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 734-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth E. Snitz ◽  
Tianxiu Wang ◽  
Yona Keich Cloonan ◽  
Erin Jacobsen ◽  
Chung-Chou H. Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Study Setting

scholarly journals Potential Fluid Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vo Van Giau ◽  
Eva Bagyinszky ◽  
Seong Soo A. An
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Phosphorylated Tau ◽  
Transitional State ◽  
Total Tau ◽  
Current State ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
Potential Fluid

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is characterized by a level of cognitive impairment that is lower than normal for a person’s age, but a higher function than that that observed in a demented person. MCI represents a transitional state between normal aging and dementia disorders, especially Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Much effort has been made towards determining the prognosis of a person with MCI who will convert to AD. It is now clear that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Aβ40, Aβ42, total tau and phosphorylated tau are useful for predicting the risk of progression from MCI to AD. This review highlights the advantages of the current blood-based biomarkers in MCI, and discusses some of these challenges, with an emphasis on recent studies to provide an overview of the current state of MCI.

scholarly journals Amino-Truncated β-Amyloid42 Peptides in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Prediction of Progression of Mild Cognitive Impairment

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1650-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Vanderstichele ◽  
Geert De Meyer ◽  
Niels Andreasen ◽  
Vesna Kostanjevecki ◽  
Anders Wallin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Amino Terminus ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Discriminant Ability ◽  
Aβ42 Peptide

Abstract Background: Early identification of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) progressing to Alzheimer disease (MCI-AD) by use of biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an essential step toward improving clinical diagnosis and drug development. We evaluated whether different β-amyloid42 (Aβ42) peptides can add further information to the combined use of tau and Aβ1–42 for predicting risk of progression of MCI to AD. Methods: We used xMAP® technology to simultaneously quantify different Aβ42 peptides modified at the amino terminus, tau, and phosphorylated tau (P-tau181P) in CSF. Aβ42 peptide concentrations were measured by use of immunoreactivity toward Aβ monoclonal antibodies [3D6 (Aβ42-3D6), WO2 (Aβ42-WO2), 6E10 (Aβ42-6E10), and 4G8 (Aβ42-4G8)]. The discriminant ability of the markers was evaluated by ROC curve analysis. Results: The areas under the curves for the separation of MCI-AD from nonprogressing MCI (MCI-N) were significantly higher when we used Aβ42-3D6/Aβ42-WO2, Aβ42-3D6/Aβ42-6E10, or Aβ42-3D6/Aβ42-4G8 compared with Aβ42-3D6. In addition, differentiation of MCI-N from MCI-AD was improved by quantification of full-length Aβ1–42 (Aβ42-3D6) compared with Aβ42-WO2, Aβ42-6E10, or Aβ42-4G8. Several Aβ42 peptides truncated at the amino terminus (Aβ11–42 and Aβ8–42) were identified in CSF by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight technology. Conclusion: The CSF markers tau, Aβ42 forms, and P-tau181P, when used as adjuncts to clinical diagnosis, have the potential to help identify AD pathology and could be a valuable asset for early AD diagnosis.

scholarly journals Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Biomarkers in the Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders and Mild Cognitive Impairment

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis F. Gonzalez-Cuyar ◽  
Joshua A. Sonnen ◽  
Kathleen S. Montine ◽  
C. Dirk Keene ◽  
Thomas J. Montine
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Plasma Biomarkers

scholarly journals Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia: The Role of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761®)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Carlo Tomino ◽  
Sara Ilari ◽  
Vincenzo Solfrizzi ◽  
Valentina Malafoglia ◽  
Guglielmo Zilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Egb 761 ◽  
Age Related

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia are clinically prevalent in the elderly. There is a high risk of cognitive decline in patients diagnosed with MCI or dementia. This review describes the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba leaf special extract EGb 761® for the treatment of dementia syndromes and EGb 761® combination therapy with other medications for symptomatic dementia. This drug has shown convincing results, improving cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms and consequent reduction of caregiver stress and maintenance of autonomy in patients with age-related cognitive decline, MCI and mild to moderate dementia. Currently, there is little evidence to support the combination therapy with anti-dementia drugs and, therefore, more evidence is needed to evaluate the role of EGb 761® in mixed therapy.

scholarly journals Involutive curable cognitive disorders in elderly people

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Fatenkov OV ◽  
Simerzin VV ◽  
Krasovskaya MA ◽  
Sytdykov IKh
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Moderate Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Over Time

The review article describes the characteristics of curable involutive cognitive impairment in the elderly. It is noted that mild cognitive impairment is predominantly neurodynamic in nature, but over time it can transform into a syndrome of moderate cognitive impairment, which, sometimes, is a precursor of dementia. Special attention is given to the clinical manifestations of mild and moderate cognitive impairment, diagnostic criteria, the course of the disease, and its medical and social impact.

scholarly journals Use of Quantitative Electroencephalography Biomarker in Characterizing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Malaysian Elderly

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Ismail Samhani ◽  
Norhidayah Badya ◽  
Mohammed Faruque Reza ◽  
Nordin Simbak
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Quantitative Eeg ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Neurochemical Changes ◽  
Cognitive Problems

The elderly population rising rapidly in Malaysia and contributes to the increasing number of cognitive problems including mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, due to limited information regarding this problem which may progress towards severe neurologic degeneration, this problem rarely diagnosed and left untreated. Hence, the use of electroencephalography (EEG) biomarker is seen to be important with the spectral power, coherence and synchronization between the both halves of brain explain the pathophysiology underlined. This method is becoming popular for its capabilities in quantifying changes in brain electrical activity and provide early signs of brain impairment. This paper reviews the incidence of mild cognitive impairment in elderly as an early cognitive deterioration signal. It continues with the role of quantitative EEG analysis in providing the physiological meaning of their brain. This paper also provides the information about neurochemical changes which associated with MCI. In addition, this paper proposes an idea of study towards examining physiology, neurochemicals, diet and lifestyles to promote healthy lifestyle in elderly.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 04 October’20 Page : 267-270

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