Suicidality in Hospitalized Patients with a Primary Diagnosis of Personality Disorder

Crisis ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Ahrens ◽  
Joachim Haug
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Suicidal Patients ◽  
High Degree

In this investigation the frequency and clinical importance of suicidal behavior in patients with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder was studied. The sample was drawn from a group of over 8000 psychiatric inpatients admitted to a university psychiatric hospital. Only patients with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder were included. In the subgroup of 226 patients with this diagnosis, it was found that the rate of suicidality was almost as great as that of patients with a primary diagnosis of major affective disorder (39% as opposed to 41%), despite the absence in all but 3% of these patients of an additional diagnosis of affective disorder. Further, this figure was considerably higher than that for all psychiatric inpatients (24%). Suicidal patients had more suicide attempts in their history and had a more serious depressive syndrome, despite the fact that only 3% fulfilled the criteria for major affective disorder. The conclusion which can be drawn is that a high degree of suicidality should not be regarded as exclusively linked to a primary diagnosis of major affective disorder.

Suicidal Behavior in Patients with Adjustment Disorders

Crisis ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kryzhanovskaya ◽  
Randolph Canterbury
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Involuntary Hospitalization ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
Axis I

Summary: This retrospective study characterizes the suicidal behavior in 119 patients with Axis I adjustment disorders as assessed by psychiatrists at the University of Virginia Hospital. Results indicated that 72 patients (60.5%) had documented suicide attempts in the past, 96% had been suicidal during their admission to the hospital, and 50% had attempted suicide before their hospitalization. The most commonly used method of suicide attempts was overdosing. Of the sample group with suicide attempts in the past, 67% had Axis II diagnoses of borderline personality disorder and antisocial personality disorder. Adjustment disorder diagnosis in patients with the suicide attempts was associated with a high level of suicidality at admission, involuntary hospitalization and substance-abuse disorders. Axis II diagnoses in patients with adjustment disorders constituted risk factors for further suicidal behavior. Additional future prospective studies with reliability checks on diagnosis of adjustment disorders and suicidal behavior are needed.

A probe in the connection between inflammation, cognition and suicide

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cáceda ◽  
W Sue T Griffin ◽  
Pedro L Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Suicidal Patients

Background: Increased inflammation is linked to suicide risk. However, it is unclear whether increased inflammation drives suicidal crises or is a trait associated with lifetime suicidal behavior. Limited data exist on the sources of increased inflammation observed in suicidal patients and on its downstream effects. Aims: To examine factors associated with inflammation and with suicidal ideation severity in acutely suicidal depressed patients. Methods: Fifty-two adult depressed patients of both sexes hospitalized for severe suicidal ideation were characterized for suicidality, depression, anxiety, medical comorbidity, psychological and physical pain, impulsivity, verbal fluency, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL) 6. Two generalized linear models were performed with either CRP or suicidal ideation severity as dependent variables. Results: CRP levels were positively associated with age, body mass index (BMI), IL6, current physical pain and number of lifetime suicide attempts. Suicidal ideation severity was not significantly correlated with either CRP or IL6. Suicidal ideation severity was positively associated with female sex, presence of an anxiety disorder, current physical pain, number of lifetime suicide attempts and with delay discounting for medium and large losses. Conclusions: Increased inflammation is not associated with acute suicidal risk, but seems to represent a trait associated with lifetime suicidal behavior.

scholarly journals Exploring Personality Features in Patients with Affective Disorders and History of Suicide Attempts: A Comparative Study with Their Parents and Control Subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Camarena ◽  
Ana Fresán ◽  
Emmanuel Sarmiento
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
History Of

Personality traits are important candidate predictors of suicidal behavior. Several studies have reported an association between personality/temperament traits and suicidal behavior, suggesting personality traits as intermediary phenotypes related to suicidal behavior. Thus, it is possible that suicide attempts can be accounted for by increased familial rates of risk personality traits. The aim of this work was to evaluate personality traits in affective disorder patients with attempted suicide and to compare them with the personality trait scores of their parents. In addition, ITC scores in the two groups were compared with a healthy control sample. The patients evaluated met the DSM-IV criteria for major depression disorder or dysthymia and had a documented history of suicide attempts. Psychiatric diagnoses of patients and parents were done according to the SCID-I and the personality was assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory. We analyzed 49 suicide attempt subjects and their parents (n=95) and 89 control subjects. We observed that temperament and character dimensions were similar between patients and their parents (P>0.05). In particular, we observed that high HA and low P, SD, and CO were shared among families. Our study is the first to report that the personality traits of affective disorder patients with a history of attempted suicide are shared between patients and their parents.

scholarly journals Do risk factors for suicidal behavior differ by affective disorder polarity?

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Fiedorowicz ◽  
A. C. Leon ◽  
M. B. Keller ◽  
D. A. Solomon ◽  
J. P. Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Suicide Risk Factors

BackgroundSuicide is a leading cause of death and has been strongly associated with affective disorders. The influence of affective disorder polarity on subsequent suicide attempts or completions and any differential effect of suicide risk factors by polarity were assessed in a prospective cohort.MethodParticipants with major affective disorders in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Collaborative Depression Study (CDS) were followed prospectively for up to 25 years. A total of 909 participants meeting prospective diagnostic criteria for major depressive and bipolar disorders were followed through 4204 mood cycles. Suicidal behavior was defined as suicide attempts or completions. Mixed-effects, grouped-time survival analysis assessed risk of suicidal behavior and differential effects of risk factors for suicidal behavior by polarity. In addition to polarity, the main effects of age, gender, hopelessness, married status, prior suicide attempts and active substance abuse were modeled, with mood cycle as the unit of analysis.ResultsAfter controlling for age of onset, there were no differences in prior suicide attempts by polarity although bipolar participants had more prior severe attempts. During follow-up, 40 cycles ended in suicide and 384 cycles contained at least one suicide attempt. Age, hopelessness and active substance abuse but not polarity predicted suicidal behavior. The effects of risk factors did not differ by polarity.ConclusionsBipolarity does not independently influence risk of suicidal behavior or alter the influence of well-established suicide risk factors within affective disorders. Suicide risk assessment strategies may continue to appraise these common risk factors without regard to mood polarity.

Borderline Personality Disorder and Suicidal Behavior

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Suicidal Patients

In a sample of 24 chronically suicidal patients, a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder was associated with more recent self-mutilations.

Brain imaging biomarkers in personalizing pharmacotherapy of suicidal depressed patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S53-S54
Author(s):  
J.J. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Mood Regulation ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Neurotransmitter Systems ◽  
Dopaminergic Systems ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Suicidal Patients

BackgroundNew knowledge has emerged about decision-making, mood regulation, social distortions and learning that is relevant for the diathesis for suicidal behavior. All four domains have identified underlying neural circuits and for decision-making and mood regulation also specific neurotransmitter systems.MethodsWe have conducted PET studies of the serotonergic system and CSF studies of the serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine neurotransmitter systems in patients surviving suicide attempts to determine whether they have neurotransmitter abnormalities that resemble those found in the brain after suicide. We found alterations in the serotonin transporter and the 5-HT1A receptor that are similar to those seen in suicides and moreover the severity of the abnormality in 5-HT1A binding is correlated with the lethality of suicidal behavior. Other studies examining CSF levels of 5-HIAA are consistent with imaging data and extend the findings to the noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Finally, we will present data on use of these biomarkers to predict treatment outcome. Abnormal decision-making and mood regulation in suicidal patients is linked to abnormal brain biology and has direct implications for clinical practice in terms of selecting specific types of medication and how these may be best combined with psychotherapies.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Negative Affectivity and Disinhibition as Moderators of an Interpersonal Pathway to Suicidal Behavior in Borderline Personality Disorder

2022 ◽  
pp. 216770262110566
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Allen ◽  
Michael N. Hallquist ◽  
Aidan G. C. Wright ◽  
Alexandre Y. Dombrovski
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Negative Affectivity ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction

In this longitudinal study, we examined whether personality traits moderate the link between interpersonal dysfunction and suicidal behavior in a high-risk sample of 458 individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Participants were assessed annually for up to 30 years (mean number of follow-ups = 7.82). Using multilevel structural equation modeling, we examined (a) longitudinal, within-persons relationships among interpersonal dysfunction, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts and (b) moderation of these relationships by negative affectivity and disinhibition. Negative affectivity predicted a stronger within-persons coupling between interpersonal dysfunction and suicidal ideation. Disinhibition predicted a stronger coupling between ideation and suicide attempts. Assessing negative affectivity and disinhibition in a treatment setting may guide clinician vigilance toward people at highest risk for interpersonally triggered suicidal behaviors.

Knowledge and experience of suicidal behavior in physicians in the county of Minsk, Belarus

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1624-1624
Author(s):  
Y. Lasy ◽  
K. Minkevich ◽  
D. Padruchny ◽  
T. Martynova ◽  
E. Mittendorfer-Rutz
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
Training Courses ◽  
Suicidal Patients

IntroductionBelarus has one of the worlds’ highest suicide rates (48.5 and 9.1/100,000 for men and women, respectively). The country's first suicide prevention project (2009–2013) focuses on educational courses for all physicians employed in primary health care (N = 120) in two regions of the county of Minsk (Total population: 73,663).ObjectiveThe aim of this paper was to investigate physicians’ knowledge with regard to suicide prevention as well as their experience of suicidal behavior based on findings from the pilot study.Methods45 physicians (mean age 43.6; 31 women, 14 men; 35% of all physicians) had participated in the first training courses, including two educational seminars (24 hours, 2009–2010). All participating physicians answered the questionnaire with 40 items distributed before the training courses.ResultThe preliminary findings indicate that half of the participating doctors (N = 22) considered mental disorders as being the main risk factor for suicide and equally many defined suicide as an expression of “spiritual weakness”. 48% considered that asking patients about suicidal thoughts can stimulate the act. As many as 47% (21 physicians) had experienced a patients’ suicide during their professional practice (14 of them more than once). About half of the doctors (N = 24) have been confronted with a patient's suicide attempt and 20 participants (44%) experienced suicidal behavior of close friends and relatives. 17 (38%) and 2 doctors reported suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts ever in life, respectively.ConclusionImproved suicidological knowledge is badly needed, particularly in the light of the frequent confrontation with suicidal patients.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of different nationalities, who committed suicide attempts and were hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
E S Mekhtiyev ◽  
S E Abbasova ◽  
O G Kasimov ◽  
K V Dnov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Organic Mental Disorders ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Suicidal Patients

The clinical characteristics of persons of Talysh and Lezghin nationalities who committed suicide attempts and were hospitalized in this regard in a psychiatric hospital are analyzed. It was established that among the suicides of the Talysh nationalities the largest were the shares of people who had suicidal actions in response to severe stress and adaptation disorders, as well as organic mental disorders (32,4% each). Significantly less frequent were patients with personality and behavior disorders - 13,7% (χ2=8,96; p=0,003), schizophrenia, schizotypic and delusional disorders - 8,8% (χ2=15,86; p0,001). Among the psychiatric disorders, the psychiatric hospital of the Lezghin nationality was dominated by organic mental disorders (27,7%) among suicidal patients. Less common were personality and behavioral disorders at a young age of18,5% (χ2=1,08; p=0,29); schizophrenia, schizotypic and delusional disorders - 15.4% (χ2=2,23; p=0,135) and psychiatric and psychiatric substance abuse disorders - 12,3% (χ2=3,89; p=0,048). Officers of the Talysh and Lezghin nationalities resorted to poisoning with equal frequency - 82,1 and 81,8%, less often - firearms - 13,4% (χ2=92,7; p0,001) and 13,7% (χ2=89, 9; p0,001); hanging - 4,5% (χ2=117,5; p0,001). Talysh rank and file officers often chose hanging and poisoning- 42,9 and 40%; less often they caused gunshot injuries - 17,1% (χ2=4,35; p=0,036). Lezgin’s soldiers used gunshot wounds more often - 42,9%, less often poisoning - 33,3% (χ2=0,1; p=0,75) and hanging - 23,8% (χ2=0,32; p=0,96). In general, the incidence of suicides in mentally ill patients depends on the combination of the following factors: the prevalence rate of suicides in the general population; ethnicity of patients; level of organization and access to psychiatric care. Various combinations of these factors determine the prevalence of suicide among patients with mental disorders.

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