Suicidal Ideation, Friendships with Delinquents, Social and Parental Connectedness, and Differential Associations by Sex

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Logan ◽  
A. E. Crosby ◽  
M. E. Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Parental Connectedness

Background: The association between suicidal ideation, friendships with delinquents, and social/parental connectedness among pre/early adolescents who reside in high-risk communities is poorly understood. Aims: This study examined among high-risk youths: (1) the association between suicidal ideation and having delinquent friends, school connectedness, social support, and different parenting styles (i.e., caring only, supervision only, caring with supervision); and, (2) the differential associations by sex. Methods: The associations were assessed among 2,598 pre/early adolescents using logistic regression. The analyses were adjusted for demographic, mental distress, illicit substance use, and peer/date violence victimization factors. The interaction terms determined differences by sex. Results: After adjusting for demographic factors and mental distress, suicidal ideation was positively associated with having delinquent friends; however, after factoring in illicit substance use and violence victimization, this association was negative for males. After adjusting for all factors, suicidal ideation was negatively associated with school connectedness and all parenting styles; however, the association between suicidal ideation and having parental caring with supervision was stronger for females. Conclusions: The results suggest the potential benefits of increasing school connectedness and improving parent-child interactions, particularly among females, and the potential benefits of violence and substance-abuse prevention strategies for youths, particularly males, connected with delinquent peers.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Youth With Combined Histories of Violent Behavior, Suicidal Ideation or Behavior, and Gun-Carrying

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 402-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Logan ◽  
Kevin J. Vagi ◽  
Deborah Gorman-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Gun Carrying

Abstract. Background: Youth reporting combined histories of nonfatal violence, suicidal ideation/behavior, and gun-carrying (VSG) are at risk for perpetrating fatal interpersonal violence and self-harm. Aims: We characterized these youth to inform prevention efforts. Method: We analyzed 2004 data from 3,931 seventh-, ninth-, and 11–12th-grade youth and compared VSG youth (n = 66) with non-gun carrying youth who either had no histories of violence or suicidal thoughts/behavior (n = 1,839), histories of violence (n = 884), histories of suicidal thoughts/behaviors (n = 552), or both (n = 590). We compared groups based on demographic factors, risk factors (i.e., friends who engage in delinquency, peer-violence victimization, depressive symptoms, illicit substance use), and protective factors (i.e., school connectedness, parental care and supervision). Regression models identified factors associated with VSG youth. Results: Illicit substance use and having friends who engage in delinquency were more common among VSG youth in all comparisons; almost all VSG youth had high levels of these factors. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with VSG youth versus youth without either violent or suicide-related histories and youth with violent histories alone. School connectedness and parental supervision were negatively associated with VSG youth in most comparisons. Conclusion: Family-focused and school-based interventions that increase connectedness while reducing delinquency and substance use might prevent these violent tendencies.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Correlates of Outcomes for High-Risk, Marginalized Mothers and Newborn Infants Engaged with a Specialist Perinatal and Family Drug Health Service

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Taylor ◽  
Delyse Hutchinson ◽  
Ron Rapee ◽  
Lucy Burns ◽  
Christine Stephens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background. There is a paucity of research in Australia on the characteristics of women in treatment for illicit substance use in pregnancy and the health outcomes of their neonates.Aims. To determine the clinical features and outcomes of high-risk, marginalized women seeking treatment for illicit substance use in pregnancy and their neonates.Methods. 139 women with a history of substance abuse/dependence engaged with a perinatal drug health service in Sydney, Australia. Maternal (demographic, drug use, psychological, physical, obstetric, and antenatal care) and neonatal characteristics (delivery, early health outcomes) were examined.Results. Compared to national figures, pregnant women attending a specialist perinatal and family drug health service were more likely to report being Australian born, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, younger, unemployed, and multiparous. Opiates were the primary drug of concern (81.3%). Pregnancy complications were common (61.9%). Neonates were more likely to be preterm, have low birth weight, and be admitted to special care nursery. NAS was the most prevalent birth complication (69.8%) and almost half required pharmacotherapy.Conclusion. Mother-infant dyads affected by substance use in pregnancy are at significant risk. There is a need to review clinical models of care and examine the longer-term impacts on infant development.

Risk, Protection, and Substance Use in Adolescents: A Multi-Site Model

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sale ◽  
Soledad Sambrano ◽  
J. Fred Springer ◽  
Charles W. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Individual Substance ◽  
High Risk Youth

This article reports findings from a national longitudinal cross-site evaluation of high-risk youth to clarify the relationships between risk and protective factors and substance use. Using structural equation modeling, baseline data on 10,473 youth between the ages of 9 and 18 in 48 high-risk communities around the nation are analyzed. Youth were assessed on substance use (cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use), external risk factors including family, school, peer and neighborhood influences, and individual risk and protective factors including self-control, family connectedness, and school connectedness. Findings indicate strong direct relationships between peer and parental substance use norms and substance use. Individual protective factors, particularly family and school connectedness were strong mediators of individual substance use. These findings suggest that multi-dimensional prevention programming stressing the fostering of conventional anti-substance use attitudes among parents and peers, the importance of parental supervision, and development of strong connections between youth and their family, peers, and school may be most effective in preventing and reducing substance use patterns among high-risk youth.

scholarly journals Latent Health Risk Classes Associated with Poor Physical and Mental Outcomes in Workers with COPD from Central Appalachian U.S. States

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6798
Author(s):  
Michael Stellefson ◽  
Min Qi Wang ◽  
Jo Anne G. Balanay ◽  
Rui Wu ◽  
Samantha R. Paige
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
The United States ◽  
Access To Healthcare ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Appalachian Region ◽  
Substance Use And Abuse ◽  
Physical Distress

Adults who work in the Central Appalachian region of the United States (U.S.) are disproportionately affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). While there is a socio-demographic profile of adults with COPD who are at increased risk for physical and mental distress, the risk factors that uniquely affect the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Central Appalachian workers with COPD are unknown. Therefore, we conducted a latent class analysis of 2016 and 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 1326 currently employed adults with COPD living in four U.S. states (KY, NC, TN, and WV) within the Central Appalachian Region. Drawing from the social ecological model, we identified associations between theoretically informed risk indicators—comorbid health conditions, substance use and abuse, and limited access to healthcare—on three HRQoL variables, including infrequent (0–13 days) or frequent (≥14 days) physical distress, mental distress, and limited activity due to poor health over the past 30 days. Workers at high risk for comorbid conditions reported more frequent physical distress, mental distress, and activity limitations as compared to those at low risk. Workers reporting difficulty accessing healthcare were no more likely to report physical or mental distress when compared to workers with adequate access to healthcare; however, those with limited healthcare access did report more frequent activity limitation due to poor health. Interestingly, workers with COPD at high risk for substance use and abuse were no more likely to report poor HRQoL outcomes compared to those at low risk. Our findings have important implications for addressing indicators of poor health among Central Appalachian workers with COPD, especially those living with multiple comorbidities.

scholarly journals Interactive association of maternal education and peer relationship with oppositional defiant disorder: an observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chia Liu ◽  
Jung Chen Chang ◽  
Chau-Shoun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Illicit Substance ◽  
Illicit Substance Use ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Abstract Background The objectives of this research were to gain insights on the interactive effects, by measuring familial and peer-related risk factors in youths with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Methods Participants were college students recruited nationwide, with age between 18 and 25. Through the consensus of expert meetings, a set of questionnaires were used to evaluate the familial status, participant’s peer group conditions, high-risk environment of illicit substance use, and oppositional symptoms. The logistic regression was performed to see the independent and interactive risk factors for ODD. Results A total of 981 subjects were enrolled. Six variables significantly associated with ODD at the multivariate logistic regression, including male, night division, poor academic performance, high risk environment, peer with illicit substance use and high maternal education level. High maternal education exerted independent protective effect on the development of ODD (adjusted odds ratio, aOR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44–0.99). Peer with illicit substance use was more likely to associate with ODD in the low maternal education group. The 2-way interactive effect of maternal education and peer with substance use on the development of ODD was OR = 4.96 (2.96, 8.31). Conclusion The present study highlights the influence of maternal education level to ODD and its interaction with peer of illicit substance use. Our findings imply that the familial attachment and peer interaction are essential stages for the development of human behavior. Trial registration The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the ethical review committee of National Taiwan University Hospital (number 201505057RINC) and registered at clinical trial systems at National Taiwan University. In addition, subjects’ information was anonymous and de-identified prior to any analysis.

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